Metacognition
meta= “about” and cognition = “thinking”
it is a learning strategy that you use to understand and control your own performance
Metacognition is commonly defined as “thinking about thinking”. So, when we talk about thinking about
thinking, it means kung kabalo baka or aware baka on how deep and how far you already know about a
specific thing or a skill. So when we talk about metacognition, you need to assess your self.
Metacognition is the awareness of the scope and limitations of your current knowledge and skills. It
means being aware of how you learn and understand things. When you use metacognition, you pay
attention to how you solve problems, how you remember information, and how you make decisions. It's
like having a little voice in your head that helps you figure out the best way to learn or solve a problem.
it is a system wherein you:
Are totally involved and aware of how you learn and what learning techniques or strategies meet your
needs
Evaluate how effective these strategies for you
Implement the best plan of action for optimal learning
When we say system diba it means naa syay interconnectedness, it involves various interconnected
elements. So these 3 elements are connected to each other.
First, you are aware of how you learn and what learning strategies meet your needs . So diri you pay
attention to how you learn best. This involves understanding about what learning strategies nga feel
nimo nga maka absorb kag information effectively , through reading ba kaha, taking notes, memorizing,
or doing hands-on activities, or other methods.
Then if maka pili naka og feel nimo suitable na learning strategy, you will then assess the effectiveness of
that learning strategy. This involves reflecting on your learning experiences, considering what worked
well and what didn’t. For example, if ang feel nimo na suitable learning strategy is through taking notes
tas gigamit nimo sya na learning strategy for your upcoming exam. So sa imong performance sa exam,
dira na dayon nimo ma assess kung unsa ka effective ang pag take notes, diha pd nmo ma assess kung
unsa pay dapat nimong i improve sa imohang learning strategy.
So based on your awareness and evaluation, you will then implement the best plan of action for optimal
learning. When we say optimal learning it means the most effective and efficient way nga maka acquire
ta og knowledge or skills. For example, if feel nimo nga enough og effective na ang pag take notes then
mag stick ka ana nga learning strategy pero if feel nimo nga dli jd effective then you will develop a plan of
action that aligns with how you learn most effectively. Pwede ka mag adjust sa imohang study habits or
pwede ka mag try og different approaches hantod sa feel nimo effective na jd sya.
Sauna pd, atong shs pako, akong learning strategy was through taking notes, tas magbasa basa rako, mag
familiarize sa mga topics through my notes. At first okay ra, feel nako effective na ang pag take notes kay
sa mga quizzes man og sa exams kay maka remember jd ko sa mga topics. But pagka grade 12 na mga
second sem kay dli najd sya effective, mas mahinomdoman pa nako ang mag colors sa highlighters na
akong gigamit sa akong notes kesa sa mga topics na akong gisulat. So mao to pag abot sa semi finals sa
g12 kay nag change Nakong learning strategy which learning thru flashcards. Naa koy app na ginagamit
tas ddto rako magbuuhat og tun anan and effective mn pd sya so far, tas until now kay mao ra japon
akong ginagamit.
So that’s how the system of metacognition works. It involves awareness of learning, evaluation of
strategies and then implementation of the best optimal plan.
And Learners with strong metacognitive skills
Effectively plan for the learning
Know their limits and seek help when needed
Frequently assess their knowledge to test their comprehension of the topic
Monitor their own learning and use various learning strategies
Carefully practice a skill to gain confidence and competence
Why do you think metacognitive knowledge and skills are important?
Metacognitive knowledge and skills are crucial because they empower individuals just like students
pareha nato to understand and optimize our own learning processes. And there is a need to teach and
learn for metacognitive knowledge and skills because there are many students right now nga naabot
nalang og college wala japon pake sa ilang pagskwela, wala japon pake sa ilang studies. Mostly sa mga
students karon kay they lack and have less metacognitive knowledge, mao lgi to walay pake sa studies
and dili kabalo mag exert og efforts sa ilahang studies. That’s why metacognitive knowledge and skills are
very important. By being aware of how they think, learn, and solve problems, individuals such as
students like us can tailor our strategies to match our strengths, leading to more effective learning
outcomes. And Metacognitive knowledge also, not only enhances academic achievement but also equips
individuals with valuable tools for success in various aspects of life.
And that’s why we have metacognitive awareness inventory, to bring awareness of metacognitive
knowledge and regulation of cognition.
The knowledge of cognition in the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory emphasizes these three types of
knowledge, the declarative, procedural, and conditional.
Declarative - being aware of the factors that involve learning
Procedural - identifying the strategies you can use to effectively learn
Conditional - choosing the appropriate learning strategy
Regulation of cognition involves setting goals and planning that will provide direction and purpose to
your learning process.
It also involves monitoring and controlling learning or keeping track of your progress and understanding
how well you are meeting your goals. And If you notice that a particular approach is not yielding the
desired results, you might modify your study methods or seek additional resources.
Regulation of cognition also involves evaluating own regulation or assessing if the strategy you are using
is working or not; making adjustments and trying something new .
Pre assessments
So, in pre assessments, we are prompted to reflect on what we already know about a certain topic
before a formal discussion begins. And by these assessments, we can identify what we need to focus on
or areas where we can anticipate challenges.
Self-Assessment of Self-Regulated Learning Skill
One example sa self assessment is kanang mag reflect ka from your past mistakes. Kami sa accountancy
kay naa miy usa ka subject na mag summative test jd ayha mag exams, and ang ginabuhat nako or namo
kay mag reflect mi kung asa mi na wrong sa summative tests kay mostly mn gd mao mao rapd mogawas
sa exams. So based sa among mga wrong sa summative test makabalo na dayon mi kung aha mi dapit
mas need pa magtoon or unsa pa amoang need i focus para mag excel sa upcoming exam. So mao to
syay one of the examples of self assessment.
Think Aloud for Metacognition
Diba naa man jd ubang tawo nga mas prefer nila i verbalize or istorya nila ilang mga nasabtan para mas
ma familiarize og ma sabtan nila ang usa ka topic. So that the think aloud for metacognition, i familiarize
nmo ang usa ka topic then I discuss nmo na sya sa through sa imoha ba kahang utok ra or pwede pd
nmo sya I discuss sa imong classmates or pwede rapd ikaw ra usa mag yawyaw diara. Dba naa mn jd mga
ing ana na tawo. Kang i familiarize nila ang topic tas i discuss.
Concept maps and visual study tools
So pwede nmo himoag concept map imohang mga topics na tun an, para mas arrange sya, mas organize
and dali ra nmo mahinomdoman. Also pwede ka mogamit og Visual study tools. Like pareha atong
giingon ganiha na flashcards. Pwede ka mogamit og written flashcards or digital flashcards but for me
akong ginagamit kay digital flashcards kay mas less hassle sya and more accessible.
Classroom assessment
So pwede pd nato I utilize ang mga classroom assessment para maka learn tag ayo. Example ani is ang
atong mga summative tests every after topic aning soc sci, so kung ihatag na assignment daapt jd pd
buhaton nato nga kita ra, dli ta magsalig then moawat ra sa classmate inig abot sa skwlahan. Wala nakay
na learn ana kay niawat raman ka, so dapat kita jd mobuhat sa atong mga assignments.
Then last is meta cognitive note taking skills.
So dli lng ni sya bsta bsta na pag take notes lng, dapat pd ig mag notes mn gani, dapat nakasabot pd ta sa
atong mga gipangsulat para makarelate ta and para ma absorb pd natog dali ang mga information.
So those are some of the learning strategies that you can use in order to study effectively and excel in
academics. And that ends our discussion.