Classification by Layers
Simple Epithelium: One layer of cells.
• Simple Squamous: Flat, thin cells (e.g., lungs alveoli, blood
vessels).
• Simple Cuboidal: Cube-shaped cells (e.g., kidney tubules).
• Simple Columnar: Tall, column-like cells (e.g., stomach lining,
intestines).
• Stratified Epithelium: Multiple layers of cells.
• Stratified Squamous: Protects against abrasion (e.g., skin,
esophagus).
• Stratified Cuboidal: Rare, found in glands (e.g., sweat glands).
• Stratified Columnar: Also rare, found in male urethra, ducts.
Classification by Specialized Types
Shape • Ciliated Epithelium: Contains cilia (e.g.,
Squamous : Flat and thin cells (found in areas respiratory tract).
of diffusion or filtration). • Pseudostratified Epithelium: Appears layered
• Cuboidal: Cube-shaped cells (involved in but is not (e.g., trachea).
secretion and absorption). • Transitional Epithelium: Stretches and changes
• Columnar: Tall and rectangular cells shape (e.g., bladder).
(specialized for absorption, secretion).
EPITHELIUM
Functions Locations
Protection : Shields underlying tissues from physical • Outer surfaces: Skin, mucous membranes.
damage (e.g., skin). • Inner linings: Respiratory tract, digestive
• Absorption: Takes up substances (e.g., intestines).
• Secretion: Releases substances like enzymes, mucus
system, blood vessels.
(e.g., glands). • Glands: Sweat glands, salivary glands,
• Excretion: Removes waste products (e.g., kidneys).
endocrine glands.
• Filtration: Allows selective passage of molecules (e.g.,
kidneys).