01’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.

PLK VICWOOD K.T. CHONG SIXTH FORM COLLEGE

01’ AL Physics: Structural Questions
Marking Scheme

1. (a) (i) FA : friction 1

FB : (normal) reaction 1 2

(ii) FA = mg 1
max FA = 0.4 FB
mg  0.4 m2r 1
2   (*)

2 

  3.2 (s-1) 1 3

(iii) Unchanged. As the centripetal force is proportional to max FA as well as the weight, 1
the minimum spinning speed (eqn.(*)) does not depend on the mass. 1 2

(b) The space station should rotate about an axis through its center and normal to the plane 1
containing the station with a constant angular speed such that the centripetal acceleration at the
periphery equals 10 ms-2. 1
a = 2r
10 = 2(1.0  103)
 = 0.1 s-1 (or 0.016 rev s-1 or 0.95 rev min-1) 1 3

2. (a) (i) T1, T2 are tensions in the upper and lower strings respectively.
T1 = T2 + mg 1 1

(ii) (0.6)(0.15) = (0.6)(0.05) + m (10) 1

m = 0.006 kg 1 2

(b) (i) 0.05 m 1 1

(ii) Suppose the bead is displaced downwards by a small distance y, the tension in the
upper string would increase by 0.6 y and the tension in the lower string would decrease
by 0.6 y, resulting in a restoring force of -1.2 y (upwards) 1

-1.2y = m

 T = 1

= 0.44 s 1 3

(c) (i) F = ma
(0.6)(0.05) = 0.006 a 1
a = 5 ms-2 1 2

(ii) mg = ky0 1
(0.006)(10) = 0.6y0
y0 = 0.1 m (i.e. the new equilibrium position is at 0.5 m below A) 1
The s.h.m. towards the new equilibrium position therefore has an amplitude of 0.05 m
 01’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.2

vmax = ’A’ 1

= 1

= 0.5 ms-1 1 5

3. (a) The current-carrying wire is subjected to alternating vertical forces due to the magnetic field, 1
forced vibration results. 1 2

(b) (i) f0 = 25 Hz 1

v = f0 (or v = 75  0.8)

= 25 (2  1.2) 1
= 60 ms-1 1 3

(ii) As  unchanged and f increased, v = f has to be increased in order to restore the

pattern. So either increase T by using a heavier mass M or replace the wire by another 1

one of smaller mass per unit length m (v = ). 1 2

(c) Unchanged. 1
The velocity depends on T and m only. 1 2

4. (a) (i) B =

= 1

= 1.5  10-4 T 1

Assumption: solenoid is long since 5.0 cm diameter << 50 cm length 1 3

(ii)  = NBA 1

= 2.96  10-4 Wb 1

Total flux linkage  = N = LI 1

(1  103)(2.96  10-7) = L (60  10-3)
L = 4.9  10-3 H 1
4

(b) (i) I =

As is constant, for small t, I  is approximately linear 2 2

(ii) R =

= 1
= 50  1
 01’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.3

slope of the graph = 1

= (i.e. )

L = 4.7  10-3 H 1 4

(iii) Stray inductance/flux leakage/there exists inductance, say, in the connecting wires. 1 1

5. (a) (i) Imax = 1

= 15 A 1 2

(ii) Connect a ‘starting’ resistance in series with the motor and gradually reducing it as the 1
motor speeds up. 1 2

(b) (i) The coil of the motor has inductance, therefore the rise in current will generate an
e.m.f. ( ) which opposes its rise at the initial stage. 1 1

(ii) The back e.m.f. 0 is proportional to the speed of rotation of the armature. When the 1
motor is first switched on, the back e.m.f. is zero; it increases as the motor speeds up
and at the same time the current decreases accordingly.

Eventually the rotating speed and thus the back e.m.f. become steady, the current
reaches the working value. 1 2

(c) (i) T = NBAI

= (120)(0.5)(0.002)(2) 1
= 0.24 Nm 1 2

(ii) (I)  - b = IR 1
12 - b = (2)(0.8)
b = 10.4 V 1

(II) Efficiency = (or ) 1

= 87% 1 4

6. (a) The signal is maximum/strong along line ROS and it decreases gradually with distance from P 1
and Q.
The interference is constructive along line ROS whereas alternate constructive and destructive 1 2
interference occurs along line POQ.

(b) v = f
3  108 = 60  106 
 =5m 1
 AB = 1
= 2.5 m 1 3
 01’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.4

(c)

S
P
A
B
2
O

Q
R Sea 2

(d) The superposition of waves at A is destructive originally. If the transmission station at Q is

suspended, the detector only receives the radio signal from P, which is larger than the original
signal (destructive). 1

The energy distribution of the interference pattern is not uniform, being concentrated in areas 1
with constructive interference. Without station Q, the total energy decreases but it distributes
more uniformly over the area. 1 3

7. (a) Longitudinal waves: the vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave propagation. 1
Transverse waves: the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. 1

(b) (i) vp =

= 9.33  103 ms-1 1

vs = 5.83  103 ms-1 1 2

(ii) vp =

9.33  103 = 1

E = 2.18  1011 Nm-2 1 2

(c) (i) Smallest S-P interval, amplitude largest, earliest registered signal 1 1

(ii) A : 700 km 1
B : 420 km 1

Position Z 1 3

(d) The natural frequency of bridge F is close to the (driving) frequency of the quake waves. 1
Therefore bridge F absorbs energy more efficiently and therefore develops a larger amplitude
of vibration (resonance). 1 2

8. (a) V =  - Ir 1
The potential drop across the internal resistance of the battery increases. 1 2

(b) V/I () 4.40 8.92 11.9 15.7 20.9

1/I (A-1) 1.25 2.00 2.50 3.13 4.00 1
 01’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.5

According to the graph

 = slope of the graph = 1

 = 6.0 V 1
r = 3.0  (the magnitude of the y-intercept) 1

V/I ()

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 1/I (A-1)
-2

Axes labeled with appropriate scales, points correctly plotted 1

Correct graph 1 6

(c) Plot a graph of P = IV against R = , which should be a curve whose peak value corresponds 1
to the value of R necessary for the battery to deliver maximum output power. 1 2
 01’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.6

(d) resistance of the basic meter r0 =

= 100  1

Conversion to an ammeter: Add a shunt of resistance rs in parallel with the coil 1

(0.01 mA  100)(100 ) = (1 A - 0.01 mA  100)rs
rs = 0.1  1

Conversion to a voltmeter: Add a multiplier of resistance rm in series with the coil 1

(0.01 mA  100)(100  + rm) =6
rm = 5.9 k 1
5

(e) The measured value R1’ is smaller than the actual value. 1

R1’ = (Rv = 6 k from (d))

= 860  1

Percentage error: =

= 14% 1 3

9. (a) (i) resistance of LDR >> 8 k, almost all the supply voltage is dropped across the LDR. 1
A CRO can be used. 1 2

(ii) 4 k 1 1

(b) (i) As an amplifier, the operational amplifier responds uniformly within its linear region;
whereas a comparator behaves as a digital (non-linear) device which compares the
potentials at the two inputs. The comparator therefore serves as a switching device. 2 2

(ii) In daylight, the resistance of the LDR is small compared to R, 1

V- > V+, V0 is LOW an the street light is OFF.
or In the dark, the resistance of the LDR is large compared to R,
V- < V+, V0 is HIGH and the street light is ON.

When switch S is closed, V- = 0 V < V+, the street light is ON 1

+ 15 V
R1

a.c. mains
4
S street
R R1 relay light
0V

6
 01’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.7

10. (a) pV = nRT

(12  105)(100  10-6) = n(8.31)(273) 1
n = 0.0529 1
2

(b) (i) W = 0 J 1

(ii) pV =

(12  105)(100  10-6) = 1

= 500 ms-1 1 3

(c) (i) n1 + n2 = n0 1

= n0

= 0.0529 1

p = 2.09  105 Pa 1

(ii) n1 = =

= 0.0068 mole 1

Net amount of gas flow from A to B: = 0.002 (mole) 1 5