04’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.

PLK VICWOOD K.T. CHONG SIXTH FORM COLLEGE

04’ AL Physics: Structural Questions
Marking Scheme

1. (a) Restoring torque  = -(Mgl sin  - mgx sin ) = -(Ml – mx) g sin 

(b) (i) Moment of inertia I = Ml2 + mx2

(ii)  = I = -(Ml – mx) g sin 

=

  -
The oscillation is simple harmonic.

(iii) = = -2

=

T =

(c) (i) =

M = 80 g

(ii) (I) When m is removed, T = = . The system is identical to a simple

pendulum of length l or the period T becomes independent of M.

(II) If mx  Ml, the system will oscillate with a very long period as the denominator of the
expression of T becomes very small.

2. (a) Consider 2 periods, 2T = (1.01030 – 1.00415) s

T = 3.075  10-3 s

The fundamental frequency is f0 = 1/T = 325 Hz

(b) v = f and v= where T is the tension in the string

 (325 Hz)(2 L) = ( = 2L)

T = 4.23  105 mL (N)

(c) 8T = (1.0092-1.0009) s
T = 1.0375  10-3 s

The frequency of this harmonic is

 04’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.2

f = 1/T = 964 Hz  3 f0
This is the third harmonic (or the second overtone).

A B
C

(d) The fingertip on the string over C, which is a node of the standing wave of the harmonic.
The standing wave is excited when plucking the string at an antinode D. The 3rd harmonic (lowest)
dominates and sounds the loudest.

3. (a) v = f
1500 ms-1 = (25  103 Hz)
 = 0.06 m

(b) Let d be the vertical distance

d=
d = 86.2 m

(c) = (angle of incidence = 50)

r = 10

(d) No. Ultrasonic waves propagate faster in sea water than in air, so they are refracted towards the
normal and no total internal reflection is possible when they go from sea water to air.

(e) Microwaves are greatly attenuated in sea water.

4. (a) (i) XC = = = 0.7958  = 0.796 

Z =
Z = 8.039  = 8.04 

(ii) Vrms = Irms Z

Irms =
= 0.4975 A = 0.498 A
P = = (0.4975 A)2 (8 ) = 1.98 W

(b) (i) XC = = = 39.79 

 I

tan  =

= = 78.63 V

(ii) P = = = 0.0777 W
 04’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.3

or Z = = 40.59 

Vrms = Irms Z
Irms = = 0.0986 A
P = VrmsIrms cos  = 0.0777 W

(c) Component X is an inductor and its reactance increases with the frequency of signal, the impedance
of the woofer circuit is large for high-pitch signals.
The current passing through the woofer due to the low-pitch signal is much larger than that due to the
high-pitch one.
Thereby, the inductor X filters the high-pitch signal. The woofer predominantly produces the low-
pitch sound.

5. (a) (i) =

 = 256 nm
This radiation belongs to the ultra-violet region.

(ii) (I) Mercury atom emits a photon of energy 4.86 eV.

E = -7.52 + 4.86 = -2.66 eV

The atom is excited to energy level C.

(II) Energy of red light, Ered = = 1.78 eV

(or Ered = = 1.78 eV

Energy of violet light, Eviolet = 3.11 eV

The energy difference between the two levels should be within the range 1.78 eV to 3.11 eV.
Visible light is emitted for the transition from level C to A and from level A to the ground
state.

(b) (i)
Colour of visible light Energy of emitted Name of coating
emitted photon/eV atom
Red 1.80 atom Z
Green 2.31 atom X
Blue 2.75 atom Y

(ii) The energy of the electron beam can be the same.

The coating atom can absorb part of the kinetic energy of the incident electron. / The excess
energy can be carried away by the incident electron.
 04’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.4

6. (a) The (lower) rod is of negligible mass, if T2 does not act along the rod no equilibrium could be
maintained. (Accept any other reasonable answers.)

(b) (i) T1 cos  = T2 cos  + mg ———— 

T2 cos  = mg ———— 
(T1 + T2) sin  = m2L sin  ———— 

(ii)    : T1 cos  = mg + mg ———— 

,    : (mg + mg + mg) = m2L cos 
2cos  =

(iii) When the mass m of the counterweight increases ( is kept constant), cos  decreases according
to the equation in (b)(ii),  increases and thus the collar goes up.

(c)
/rad s1 13.6 12.6 11.5 10.5 9.4
 64 60 53 43 26
2 2
 / rad s
2
185 159 132 110 88
1/cos  2.28 2.00 1.66 1.37 1.11
 04’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.5

Axes labelled with appropriate scales

Points correctly plotted
Correct graph

slope = = 81.3 rad2 s2

= 81.3 rad2 s2

= 1.53

7. (a) (i) When a leakage to the ground occurs, the current in the neutral wire is less than that in the live
wire, there is a net current passing through the ring. There is a magnetic field suddenly
developed through the coil C.
Current is induced in the coil C and passes through the solenoid. The relay switch is then open.

(ii) If the leakage occurs at P, the circuit breaker would not respond since the currents in the live and
the neutral wires remain the same.

(b) (i) B = =

B = 1.5  10-2 T
 04’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.6

(ii)  = =

 = 4.0  10-3 V (or 4.0 mV)

(c) Fuse is used to protect the appliance from excessive current passing through it.
Therefore the fuse will be blown when short circuit occurs.
However, the earth leakage circuit breaker for switching off the circuit due to leakage to the ground
will not react in this case since there is no difference in currents between the live and neutral wires.

8. (a) When the cathode at negative potential of the electron gun is heated by heater, some electrons are
ready to leave the metal surface by means of themionic emission. The electrons are then accelerated
towards the positive anode.

(b) (i) Magnetic field is into paper. Hall probe/current balance.

(ii) (I) Curved downwards, circular arc.

(II) Curved upwards, parabolic.

(c) (i) B = =

B = 1.247  10-3 T

(ii) Electrical potential energy becomes kinetic energy of electrons

eV =

v2 =

The magnetic and electric forces are equal

evB = eE

= (where E = )

= 1.97  1011 Ckg-1

(iii) The magnetic field (or electric field) may not be uniform across the whole region intercepting
the beam.
(Initial speed of electron is not equal to zero.)

9. (a) Vernier Calipers

(b) (i) Friction acting on the silk band would decrease the tension indicated by S1 while increase that
indicated by S2.

(ii) work done = fs

= f (n  d)
= (41.6 N)(400)()(15  10-2 m)
= 7841 J
 04’ AL Physics/Structural Questions/Marking/P.7

(iii) Assume that all the heat due to the work done is transferred solely to the water inside the drum
(i.e. there is no heat loss to the surroundings).

Q = m c ()
7841 J = (0.22 kg) c (7.8 K)
c = 4.57  103 Jkg-1K-1

(c) (i) maximum possible percentage error in the work done

=
= 0.7 %

maximum possible percentage error in the mass of water

=
= 0.05 %

maximum possible percentage error in the temperature change

=
=3%

Measuring temperature change is the dominant source of error.

(ii) In this experiment, the measured value of the specific heat capacity of water is 4570  137 Jkg-
1 -1
K . However, the discrepancy compared with the accepted value 370 Jkg -1K-1 is much greater
than 137 Jkg-1K-1, which indicates a systematic bias due to the heat absorbed by the drum. The
heat absorbed by the drum is not negligible.