Chap.
6 Graphs of Linear Equations and Inequalities in Two Variables
y
Ax + By = C
(0, 4)
One 4x + 3y = 12 ( , 2), x-intercept ( , 0), y-intercept (0, )
x
Solve for y: (3, 0)
y = -4/3 x + 4 Slope-Intercept form
Finding the equation of a line given the slope, m, and a point (x 1, y1) on the line:
Point-Slope form y – y1 = m(x – x1)
Two m = -2, passing through (-3, 5) y–5 = -2(x – (-3))
y–5 = -2x – 6
y = -2x – 1 slope-intercept form
2x + y = -1 standard form
Three Passing through (-2, 1) and (4, 5)
y – y1 5−1 4 2 2
Find the slope: m= = = = y – 1= ( x – (−2 ) )
x−x 1 4−(−2 ) 6 3 3
2 4
y−1= x+
3 3
2 7
y= x +
3 3
Special Cases: Horizontal Line, y = b, m = 0
Vertical Line, x = a, m is undefined
Linear Inequalities Ax + By < C; ≤, >, ≥
(a) Graph the line Ax + By = C, solid or dashed; (b) test a point to determine which side
of the line to shade
Four y < 2x – 3 Test (0, 0): 0 < 0 – 3 False
Chap. 7 Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities in Two Variables
Five Substitution Method 2x + 3y = 2
4x – y = -3
4x + 3 = y, substitute into first equation
2x + 3(4x + 3) = 2
2x + 12x + 9 = 2
14x = -7
x = -½ y = 4(-½) + 3 = -2 + 3 = 1 (-½, 1)
Six Elimination Method 2x + 5y = -1 mult. by -3 -6x – 15y = 3
3x + 2y = 15 mult. by 2 6x + 4y = 30
-11y = 33
y = -3
2x + (-15) = -1
2x = 14
x = 7 (7, -3)
Applications
Seven Virginia’s Vanilla Extract is 5% alcohol. Vito’s Vanilla Extract is 25% alcohol. How
many ounces of each must be used to make 32 ounces of Viola’s Vanilla Extract, which is
12.5% alcohol? (Use a linear system of equations to solve this problem.)
Let x = # ounces of Virginia’s
y = # ounces of Vito’s
then x + y = 32
0.05x = # ounces of alcohol in Virginia’s
0.25y = # ounces of alcohol in Vito’s
0.125(32) = 4 = # ounces of alcohol in Viola’s
then 0.05x + 0.25y = 4
x + y = 32 mult. by -5
-5x – 5y = -160
0.05x + 0.25y = 4 mult. by 100
5x + 25y = 400
20y = 240
y = 12
x + 12 = 32
x = 20
20 ounces of Virginia’s and 12 ounces of Vito’s
Systems of Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
Graph both inequalities in the same coordinate system and determine the region that is
shaded from both inequalities.
y
Eight x + 2y ≤ -4
x > -2
Test Your Memory, p. 472 # 1-8, 23-28, 33-42, 43(substitution), 44(elimination), 45, 46