Module 1
DC Circuits
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Department of EE
Outline
1 Electrical circuit and elements (R, L and C)
2 Voltage and current sources
3 Kirchhoff’s laws
4 Analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation
5 Network theorems
6 Time-domain analysis of first-order RL and RC circuits
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4 Analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation
Star-Delta/Delta-Star Transformations
These transformations help us to simplify the networks. A Star or Wye(Y) network as shown in the
figure can be considered as ‘T’ network whereas a Delta(Δ) network, shown in figure can be treated
as ‘’ network.
For /Y conversion For Y / conversion
𝐑 𝐀𝐁 𝐑 𝐀𝐂 𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐁 + 𝐑𝐁𝐑𝐂 + 𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐂
𝐑𝐀 = 𝐑 𝐀𝐁 =
𝐑 𝐀𝐁 + 𝐑 𝐁𝐂 + 𝐑 𝐀𝐂 𝐑𝐂
𝐑 𝐀𝐁 𝐑 𝐁𝐂 𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐁 + 𝐑𝐁𝐑𝐂 + 𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐂
𝐑𝐁 = 𝐑 𝐁𝐂 =
𝐑 𝐀𝐁 + 𝐑 𝐁𝐂 + 𝐑 𝐀𝐂 𝐑𝐀
𝐑 𝐁𝐂 𝐑 𝐀𝐂 𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐁 + 𝐑𝐁𝐑𝐂 + 𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐂
𝐑𝐂 = 𝐑 𝐀𝐂 =
𝐑 𝐀𝐁 + 𝐑 𝐁𝐂 + 𝐑 𝐀𝐂 𝐑𝐁
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For /Y conversion
4 Analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation
𝐑 𝐀𝐁 𝐑 𝐀𝐂
Star-Delta/Delta-Star Transformations 𝐑𝐀 =
𝐑 𝐀𝐁 + 𝐑 𝐁𝐂 + 𝐑 𝐀𝐂
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Numerical
4. For the circuit shown in the figure, find 𝐕𝐂𝐄 and 𝐕𝐀𝐆 .
Solution
Consider the two battery circuits separately.
Current in the 20 V battery circuit ABCD is
𝐈𝐀𝐁𝐂𝐃 = 20/(6 + 5 + 9) = l A
Similarly, Current in the 40 V battery circuit EFGH is
𝐈𝐄𝐅𝐆𝐇 = 40/(5 + 8 + 7) = 2 A
Voltage drops over different resistors can be found using Ohm's law.
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Numerical
4. For the circuit shown in the figure, find 𝐕𝐂𝐄 and 𝐕𝐀𝐆 .
Solution (Contd.)
For finding 𝐕𝐂𝐄 we will start from point E and go to C
via points H and B.
We will find the algebraic sum of the voltage drops met
on the way from point E to C.
𝐕𝐂𝐄 = (- 5 x 2) + 10 + (–5 x 1)= - 5V
The negative sign shows that point C is negative w.r.t. point E.
𝐕𝐀𝐆 = (7 x 2) + 10 + (6 x 1) = 30 V.
The positive sign shows that point A is at a positive potential of 30 V with respect to point G.
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