Module 1
DC Circuits
[Link]
Department of EE
Outline
1 Electrical circuit and elements (R, L and C)
2 Voltage and current sources
3 Kirchhoff’s laws
4 Analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation
5 Network theorems
6 Time-domain analysis of first-order RL and RC circuits
2
6 Numerical
1. Calculate the current in and voltage drop across each element of the circuit shown
in Fig. after switch S has been closed long enough for steady-state conditions to
prevail. Also, calculate voltage drop across the capacitor and the discharge current
at the instant when S is opened.
Under steady-state conditions, the capacitor becomes fully charged and draws no current. In fact, it acts like
an open circuit with the result that no current flows through the l ohm resistor. The steady state current ISS
flows through loop ABCD only.
3
6 Numerical
1. Calculate the current in and voltage drop across each element of the circuit shown
in Fig. after switch S has been closed long enough for steady-state conditions to
prevail. Also, calculate voltage drop across the capacitor and the discharge current
at the instant when S is opened.
Switch Open
When S is opened, the charged capacitor discharges through the loop BCFE as shown in
Fig.(b).
The discharge current is given by ID = 40/(4 + 1) = 8 A
4
6 Numerical
2. A resistance R and a 4 µF capacitor are connected in series across a 200 V. d.c.
supply. Across the capacitor is a neon lamp that strikes (glows) at 120 V. Calculate
the value of R to make the lamp strike (glow) 5 seconds after the switch has been
closed.
The capacitor voltage has to rise 120V in 5 seconds.
120 = 200 1 − 𝑒 −5 𝜆
𝑜𝑟, 𝑒 5 𝜆 = 2.5
𝑜𝑟, 𝜆 = 5.464sec
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝜆 = 𝐶𝑅
∴ 𝑅 = 5.464 4 𝑥10−6 = 1.366𝑀𝛺
5
6 Numerical
3. A capacitor of 0.1 µF is charged from a 100V battery through a series resistance of 1,000 ohms.
Find (a) the time for the capacitor to receive 63.2% of its final charge. (b) the charge received in
this time (c) the final rate of charging.(d) the rate of charging when the charge is 63.2% of the final
charge.
(a) 63.2% of charge is received in a time equal to the time constant of the circuit.
Time required = 𝜆 = 𝐶𝑅 = 0.1 𝑥 10−6 𝑥 1000 = 0.1 𝑥 10−3 = 10−4 second
(b) Final charge, Q = CV = 0.1 𝑥 100 = 10 µC
Charge received during this time is = 0.632 𝑥 10 = 6.32 µC.
dv V v
(c) The rate of charging at any time is given by Eq.
dt CR
dv V 100
Initially v = 0, hence, 6
10 6
V / sec
dt CR 0.110 10 3
(d) Here v = 0.632 x V = 0.632 x 100 = 63.2 volts
dv V v 100 63.2
4
368KV / sec
dt CR 10 6
There is no alternate of studying books…….
Go through your book to know more about it.
Thank you
8