eriment No. A-8(b) Object + To trace the lines of force on one end of a given bar magnet, placed in the magnetic meridian with its south pole pointing north and mark the position of neutral point.“Apparatus and materials : Bar magnet, compass needle, sheet of white paper, drawing board and brass pins. rp pencil and piece of chalk. Theory : A magnetic line of force is a curve in magnetic field such that a tangent to it at any int gives the direction of the magnetic field at that point. The direction of the axis of a freely suspended magnetic needle gives the direction ‘resultant field. If the successive positions of the needle are found out from one end of magnet to the other and a line is drawn, it will represent a line of force. While tracing the lines of force in a magnetic field due to a magnet we come across oints where the field due to magnet and the horizontal intensity of earth's field are lements of Practical Physies-I : 9) neutralized by each other. Such points are called neutral points. A compass needle placey at these points tends to remain in any direction in which it is kept. For N-pole of a magnet pointing the geographical north, neutral points lic on the | perpendicular bisector to its length. 66 Elements of Practical Physics-IT Procedure : | (1) The paper is fixed on the board using brass pins or quick fix. All magnetic substances are removed from the table. (2) The magnet is placed symmetrically near the lower edge of the paper and its outline is drawn. (3) The magnet is removed. The compass needle is placed within the outline and the board is roated till the length of the needle and that of the outline are exactly parallel to each other. The boundary of the board is now marked with a piece of chalk. (4) The magnet is placed within the outline with north pole pointing towards the geographical north. The magnet is now along the magnetic meridian. (5) The compass needle is placed near the N-pole of the magnet. When the needle comes to rest, its position is marked by two dots by pencil. The needle is then shifted to a position such that its south pole lies on the dot occupied by the north pole just previously. Corresponding to the end of north pole another dot is put. This precess is repeated till the south of the magnet is reached. (6) All the marked points are now joined by drawing a free hand curve. Its direction is indicated by an arrow mark from north to south. Thus one line of force Fig. 35(a) is mapped. (7) In this way starting from various points near the N-pole of the magnet lines of force and plotted successively in the upper half of the field as shown in Fig. 35(a). 4 (8) A few lines are drawn placing the needle at a fair distance NN from the magnet, These lines of force are due to the earth's magnetic filed. (9) It is observed that there is a space which is nearly bounded by four lines (Fig, 35 (b)), their curvatures being oppositely tured. asSame as in the previous experiment. However, the magnet, in this case, is placed near the right hand or left hand edge midway between the upper and lower edges of the paper with its south pole pointing towards the geo- graphic north.68 DACHICMLY UL Kraeueas 4 uy one a Observations : The neutral point is found to lie along the extended axis of the magnet.Precautions + (1) There should be no magnetic material in the vicinity of the magnet. Drawing pins should be made of brass. (2) While plotting the lines of force the position of the drawing board or that of the magnet should in no case be disturbed. (3) The directions of the lines of force should be indicated. (@ Many lines of force should be drawn within the neutral point region (8) No two lines of force should intersect at any point (6) Magnetic needle of the compass should be completely free.Experiment No. (a) ce Object = W/ To trace the lines of force on one side due to a bar magnet, placed in the magnetic meridian with its north pole pointing north and mark the position of neutral point. ‘Apparatus and materials : Bar magnet, compass needle, sheet of white paper, drawing board and brass pins, garg pencil and piece of chalk. Theory A magnetic line of force is a curve in magnetic field such that a tangent to it at any point gives the direction of the magnetic field at that point. The direction of the axis of a freely suspended magnetic needle gives the direction of resultant field. If the successive positions of the needle are found out from one end of a magnet to the other and a line is drawn, it will represent a line of force. While tracing the lines of force in a magnetic field due to a magnet we come across aoints where the field due to magnet and the horizontal intensity of earth's field are Elements of Practical Physics-Il : 9A compass needle Dla which it is kept. nts are called } north, neutral points lie ony 66 " . h poi Hed ach other. Such Pp © tion fi newtaized PY Sends to roma in any dit are jointing magnet P For N-pole of a magi Sars i bisector to its perpendicular wok fi ig. brass pins or quick fix. All Magny Procedure ! in (1) The paper is fixed on the ne usil substances are removed from the table. sly near (2) The magnet is placed symmetrically one is placed within the outline and y, needle is plac : the needle a he outline are exactly parallel ,, is d. (3) The magnet is remove ey i i le and that of board is roated till the length of the need 5 1 a each other. The boundary of the board is now marked with a piece of chal ; (4) The magnet is placed within the outline with north pole pointing towards the the lower edge of the paper ang i, geographical north. The magnet is now along the magnetic meridian. (5) The compass needle is placed near the N-pole of the magnet. When the needl: comes to rest, its position is marked by two dots by pencil. The needle is then shifted to a position such that its south pole lies on the dot occupied by the north pole just previously. Corresponding to the end of north pole another dot is put. This precess is repeated till the south of the magnet is reached. (6) All the marked points are now joined by drawing a free hand curve. Its direction is indicated by an arrow mark from north to south. Thus one line of force is mapped. Fig. 35(a) (7) In this way starting from various poi Points near the force and plotted successively in the upper halt ater ape of the magnet lines of eld as shown in Fig. 35(a). ~ = (8) A few lines are drawn placing the needle at a fair ai from the magnet. These lines of a from the mag $ of force are due to the wi (©) It is observed that there is a ich i ° I is obs space which is ne, by four lines (Fig. 35 (b), their curvatures being concen mded This region is the neutral point region. More lines of phi ——> force | are draw Ir all the four fronts. A curviliner 7 Fig. 35(0) n near this on all t fron urvilinera, ig. 35(Magi agnetism. or quadrilateral will be formed by the lines of force. Within this the boundary of the compass Medle is marked. The centre of the gives the position of the neutral point, The needle is Mat affected by either of the two fields here, . Result + ‘The magnetic lines of force on one side of a bar magnet with its north pole pointing towards the geographical north are shown in Fig. 34, Two neutral points (one is shown) ne located on the perpendicular bisector to the length of the magnet on its two sides Precautions : (1) There should be no magnetic material in the vicinity of the magnet. Drawing pins should be made of brass. (2) While plotting the lines of force the position of the drawing board or that of the magnet should in no case be disturbed. 3) The directions of the lines of force should be indicated. (4) Many lines of force should be drawn within the neutral point region. (8) No two lines of force should intersect at any point. (6) Magnetic needle of the compass should be completely free