STD 10 Maths(BASIC) Total Marks : 80

paper 1

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [6]

1. Kinjal is asking to Dipti that before 3 years the sum of their ages were 36, then
tell me that after 4 years what will be the sum of their ages?
(A) 53 years (B) 43 years (C) 39 years (D) 50 years
Ans. : 50 years
2. Which of the following method is used for the solution of pair of linear
equations in two variables ?
(A) Graphic Method (B) Substitution Method
(C) Elimination (D) All of them
Ans. : All of them
3. For any AP a20 = _______
(A) a + 20d (B) a − 20d (C) a + 19d (D) a − 19d
Ans. : a + 19d

4. Distance is _______ of point (x, y) to origin.

−− −−−− −− −−−−
(A) √x 2
+ y2 (B) √x 2
− y2 (C) x 2
+y
2
(D) x 2
−y
2

−−−−− −
Ans. : √x2 + y 2

5. tan 30
∘
⋅ tan 60
∘
= _______
–
(A) √3 (B) 1
(C) 0 (D) 1
√3

Ans. : 1
6. For any data, Z + x̄ = 71 and Z − x̄ = 3 then using inter-relation between mean,
mode and median value of M =
(A) 31 (B) 38 (C) 35 (D) 34
Ans. : 35

* Fill in the blanks with correct alternative. [1 Marks Each] [6]

7. L.C.M. (12, 15) =_______ (15,1,60)

Ans. : 60

Page 1
 8. α and β are zeroes of quadratic equation ax
2
+ bx+ c = 0 , where a ≠ 0 , then
α⋅β = _______ (
−b

a
,
−c

a
,
c

a
)

Ans. : 1

9. If the value of θ is increased then value of sin θ is _______ (increased, decreased,

minus)
Ans. : increased
10. A circle can have _______ parrallel tangents at the most. (2, 1, 0)
Ans. : 2
11. Modal class is _______ of the following frequency distribution table.
class 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25
freq. 3 5 8 7 6
(15 − 20, 10 − 15, 15 − 20)

Ans. : 10 − 15

12. The probability is _______ to get 5 Mondays come in June month of a non leap
year. ( 1

7
,
2

7
,
3

7
)

Ans. : 2

* State whether the following sentences are True or False. [1 Marks Each] [4]

13. H.S.F. (7, 14) = 7

Ans. : True
14. The graph of y = P (x) is represented in a following figure. In this case number
of zeroes of P (x) is 4.

Ans. : False
15. If a1
≠
b1
then in pair of linear equations in two variables have infinite many
a2 b2

solutions.
Ans. : False
16. If the event is not produced then it is called impossible event.
Ans. : True

* Answer the following questions in one sentence. [1 Marks Each] [4]

Page 2
17. In an AP: l = 28, S = 144, and there are total 9 terms. Find n
Ans. : Here, l = 28
S = 144
n=9
We know that
n
S = (a + l)
2

9
⇒ 144 = (a + 28)
2

(144)(2)
⇒ = a + 28
9

⇒ 32 = a + 28
⇒ a = 32 - 28
⇒ a=4
18. How many tangents are got on a one point of circle?
Ans. : 1
19. Write class length of class 25 − 45 .
Ans. : 20

20. What is the probability to get 6 on balanced die thrown?

Ans. : 1

* Match The Following. [4]

A B
21. Circumference of circle (a) πrθ/180

22. Length of minor are (b) 2

πr θ/360

(c) 2πr

Ans. : 1 - c
2-a

A B
23. Total surface are a of cylinder (a) πr h
2

24. Volume of cone (b) 1

3
πr h
2

(c) 2πr(h + r)

Ans. : 1 - c
2-b

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. ( Write any 9 ) [18]

Page 3
25. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 7x + 10, and verify the
relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients.
Ans. : We have,
x2 + 7x + 10 = (x + 2)(x + 5)
So, the value of x2 + 7x + 10 is zero when x + 2 = 0 or x + 5 = 0, i.e., when x = – 2 or x
= –5. Therefore, the zeroes of x2 + 7x + 10 are -2 and -5.
Now,

sum of zeroes =
−(7) −( Coefficient of x)
−2 + (−5) = −(7) = = 2
1 Coefficient of x

product of zeroes = (−2) × (−5) = 10 =

10

1
=
Constant term

coefficient of x
2

26. Find the zeroes of the polynomial x2 – 3 and verify the relationship between the
zeroes and the coefficients.

Ans. : Given quadratic equation: x2 - 3

Recall the identity a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b). Using it,
we can write:
2
– –
x − 3 = (x − √3)(x + √3)

So, the value of x2 – 3 is zero when x = or x =

– –
√3 −√3

Therefore, the zeroes of 2

– –
x − 3 are √3 and − √3

Now, the sum of zeroes =

– – −( Coefficient of x)
√3 − √3 = 0 =
2
Coefficient of x

and the product of zeroes =

– – −3 Constant term
(√3)(−√3) = −3 = = 2
1 Coefficient of x

27. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 – 5x + 3 = 0 by factorisation.

Ans. : Let us first split the middle term – 5x as –2x, –3x [because (–2x) × (–3x) = 6x2
= (2x2 ) × 3] So, 2x2 – 5x + 3 = 2x2 – 2x – 3x + 3 = 2x(x – 1) –3(x – 1) = (2x – 3)(x – 1)
Now, 2x2 – 5x + 3 = 0 can be rewritten as (2x – 3)(x – 1) = 0
So, the values of x for which 2x2 – 5x + 3 = 0 are the same for which (2x – 3)(x – 1) =
0
i.e., either 2x – 3 = 0 or x – 1 = 0.
Now, 2x – 3 = 0 gives x =
3

2
and x – 1 = 0 gives x = 1.
So, x = 3

2
and x = 1 are the roots of the given quadratic equation.
28. Which term of the AP: 3, 8, 13, 18, ……….., is 78
Ans. : The given AP is 3, 8, 13, 18, .....
Here a = 3
d=8-3=5
Let the nth term of the AP be 78.
then, an = a + (n - 1) d

Page 4
 ⇒ 78 = 3 + (n - 1) (5)
⇒ 5(n - 1) = 78 - 3
⇒ 5(n - 1) = 75
75
⇒ n −1 =
5

⇒ n - 1 = 15
⇒ n = 15 + 1
⇒ n = 16
29. Find the number of terms in AP: 7, 13, 19, …., 205
Ans. : 7, 13, 19, ...., 205
Here a = 7
d = 13 - 7 = 6
an = 205
Let the number of terms be n.
Then, an = 205
⇒ a + (n - 1)d = 205
⇒ 7 + (n - 1)6 = 205
⇒ 6(n - 1) = 205 - 7
⇒ 6(n - 1) = 198
198
⇒ n −1 =
6

⇒ n - 1= 33
⇒ n = 33 + 1
⇒ n = 34
Hence, the number of terms of the given AP is 34.
30. Find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the points A(6, 5) and B (- 4,
3).
Ans. : We have to find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the points
A(6, 5) and B (- 4, 3). We know that a point on y-axis is of the form (0, y). So, let the
required point be P (0, y).
Then,
PA = PB
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
⇒ √(0 − 6) + (y − 5) = √(0 + 4) + (y − 3)

⇒ 36 + (y - 5)2 = 16 + (y - 3)2
⇒ 36 + y2 - 10y + 25 = 16 + y2 - 6y + 9
⇒ 4y = 36
⇒ y=9
So, the required point is (0, 9).
31. Find the relation between x and y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant from
the points (7, 1) and (3, 5).

Page 5
 Ans. : Let P(x, y) be equidistant from the points A(7, 1) and B(3, 5)
AP = BP (Given)
⇒ AP2 = BP2
⇒ (x - 7)2 + (y - 1)2 = (x - 3)2 + (y - 5)2
⇒ x2 + 49 - 14x + y2 + 1 - 2y = x2 + 9 - 6x + y2 + 25 - 10y
⇒ 49 - 14x + 1 - 2y = 9 - 6x + 25 - 10y
⇒ - 14x + 6x - 2y + 10 y = 34 - 50
⇒ -8x + 8y = -16
⇒ x-y=2
32. Evaluate: cos 45
∘
∘

∘
sec 30 + cosec30

Ans. : We have
cos(45 )

∘ ∘
sec(30 )+ cosec(30 )

√2

= 2
+2
√3

√2
=
1
2( +1)
√3

1
=
1+√3
2 √2 ( )
√3

√3
=
2 √2(1+ √3)

it is clear that the denominator has an irrational number, we need to rationalize it,
we get
√3 √2(1− √3)
= ×
2 √2(1+ √3) √2(1− √3)

√2(√3−3)
=
2 2
2(2)( 1 −(√3) )

√6−3 √2
=
4(1−3)

√6−3 √2
=
4(−2)

√6−3 √2
=
−8

3 √2 − √6
=
8

33. If sin 3A = cos(A − 26 )

∘
, where 3A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

Ans. : We are given that sin 3A = cos (A - 26o) ...... (1)

Since sin 3A = cos (90o - 3A), we can write (1) as
cos (90o - 3A) = cos (A - 26o)
Since 90o - 3A and A - 26o are both acute angles, therefore,
90o - 3A = A - 26o

Page 6
 4A = 116o
⇒
A=29o
34. The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is found to be 40 m longer
when the Sun's altitude is 30o, than when it is 60o. Find the height of the tower.

Ans. :
In △ABC, tan 60
∘
=
AB

BC
–
⇒ AB = √3BC .....(i)
In △ABD,

∘ AB
tan 30 =
BC+40

1 AB √3BC
= =
√3 BC+40 BC+40

3BC = BC + 40
BC = 20, Hence from (i) we get
AB = 20√3 = 20 × 1.73 = 34.6 meter
35. A spherical glass vessel has a cylindrical neck 8 cm long, 2 cm in diameter the
diameter of the spherical part is 8.5 cm. By measuring the amount of water it
holds, a child finds its volume to be 345 cm3. Check whether she is correct,
taking the above as the inside measurements and π = 3.14.

Ans. :
Amount of water it holds =
4

3
3
πr
2
+ πr h

3 2
4 8.5 2
= π( ) + π( ) ×8
3 2 2

4
= × 3.14 × 4.25 × 4.25 × 4.25 + 8 × 3.14
3

Page 7
 = 321.39 + 25.12
= 346.51 cm3
Hence, she is correct. The correct volume is 346.51 cm3.
36. A solid iron pole consists of a cylinder of height 220 cm and base diameter 24
cm is surmounted by another cylinder of height 60 cm and radius 8 cm. Find the
mass of the pole, given that 1 cm3 of iron has approximately 8 g mass. (Use π =
3.14)
Ans. : Radius of lower cylinder = R = 12 cm
Radius of upper cylinder = r = 8 cm
Height of upper cylinder = h = 60 cm
Height of lower cylinder = H = 220 cm
Volume of solid iron pole 2
= πR H + πr h
2

2 2
= 3.14 × (12) × 220 +3.14 × (8) × 60

3
= 111532.8cm

Mass of the pole = 111532.8 × 8g

= 892.2624kg

37. The wickets taken by a bowler in 10 cricket matches are as follows :

2, 6, 4, 5, 0, 2,1, 3, 2, 3
Find the mode of the above data.
Ans. : At first, we arrange the given data in ascending order:- 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5,
6
Now find the most occurring number i.e. 2
Hence, mode = 2

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. ( Write any 6 ) [18]

38. Solve the pair of linear equations by substitution method: x + y = 14; x – y = 4

Ans. : x + y = 14; x - y = 4
the given pair of linear equations is
x + y = 14.................(1)
x - y = 4....................(2)
From equation(1),
y = 14 - x...................(3)
Substitute this value of y in equation(2), we get
x - (14 - x) = 4
⇒ x - 14 + x = 4

⇒2x - 14 = 4

⇒2x = 4 + 14
⇒2x = 18

18
⇒ x = = 9
2

Page 8
 Substituting this value of x in equation (3), we get y = 14 - 9 = 5
Therefore, the solution is x = , y = 5
verification: Substituting x = 9 and y = 5, we find that both the equations (1) and (2)
are satisfied as shown below:
x + y = 9 + 5 = 14
x - y = 9 - 5=4
This verifies the solution.
39. Check whether the pair of equations x + 3y = 6 and 2x – 3y = 12 is consistent. If
so, solve them graphically.
Ans. : The solution of pair of linear equations:
x + 3y = 6 and 2x – 3y = 12
x 0 6
y =
6−x
2 0
3

and
x 0 3
y =
2x−12
-4 -2
3

Plot the points A(0, 2), B(6, 0), P(0, – 4) and Q(3, – 2) on graph paper, and join the
points to form the lines AB and PQ

We observe that there is a point B (6, 0) common to both the lines AB and PQ. So,
the solution of the pair of linear equations is x = 6 and y = 0, i.e., the given pair of
equations is consistent.
40. Find the sum of 7 + 10
1
+ 14..... + 84 .
2

Ans. : Clearly, the terms of the given sum form an A.P,

with, a = 7
1 1 7
d = 10 −7 = 3 =
2 2 2

Let the number of terms of the AP be n.

We know that
l = a + (n - 1)d
7
⇒ 84 = 7 + (n − 1)
2

Page 9
 7
⇒ (n − 1) = 84 − 7
2

7
⇒ (n − 1) = 77
2

⇒ (n − 1) = 22

⇒ n = 22 + 1

⇒ n = 23

Again, we know that

n
Sn = (a + l)
2

23
⇒ S23 = (7 + 84)
2

2093
⇒ S23 =
2

2093
⇒ S23 =
2

1
⇒ S23 = 1046
2

Hence, the required sum is 1046

1

41. Find the point on the x-axis which is equidistant from (2, -5) and (-2, 9).
Ans. : We know that a point on the x-axis is of the form (x, 0). So, let the point P(x,
0) be equidistant from A(2, –5) and B(–2, 9). Then
PA = PB
⇒ PA2 = PB2
⇒ (2 - x)2 + (-5 - 0)2 = (-2 - x)2 + (9 - 0)2
⇒ 4 + x2 - 4x + 25 = 4 + x2 + 4x + 81
⇒ - 4x + 25 = 4x + 81
⇒ 8x = -56
−56
⇒ x = = −7
8

Hence, the required point is (-7, 0)

Check:
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P A = √{2 − (−7)} + (−5 − 0)

−−−−−− −−−
= √81 + 25 = √106

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P B = √{−2 − (−7)} + (9 − 0)

−−−−−− −−−
= √25 − 81 = √106

∵ PA = PB
∴ Our solution is checked.
42. Do the points (3, 2), (–2, –3) and (2, 3) form a triangle? If so, name the type of
triangle formed.
Ans. : Let us apply the distance formula to find the distances PQ, QR and PR, where
P↔(3, 2),
Q ↔(–2, –3) and
R↔(2, 3)
are the given points. We have

Page 10
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −− −−−− −−
2 2
PQ = √(3 + 2)2 + (2 + 3)2 = √5 + 5 = √50 = 7.07( approx. )

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−− −−
2 2 2 2
QR = √(−2 − 2) + (−3 − 3) = √(−4) + (−6) = √52

= 7.21( approx. )

−− −−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2
–
2 2 2
PR = √(3 − 2) + (2 − 3) = √1 + (−1) = √2 = 1.41( approx. )

Since the sum of any two of these distances is greater than the third distance,
therefore, the points P, Q and R form a triangle.
Also, PQ 2 + PR2 = QR2 , by the converse of Pythagoras theorem, we have ∠ P = 90°.
Therefore, PQR is a right triangle.
43. Two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to a circle with centre O from an external
point T. Prove that ∠
​ ​PTQ = 2∠ OPQ.

Ans. :
Given A circle with centre O and an external point T and two tangents TP and TQ to
the circle, where P, Q are the points of contact.
To Prove: ∠ PTQ = 2∠ OPQ
Proof: Let ∠ PTQ = θ
Since TP, TQ are tangents drawn from point T to the circle.
TP = TQ
∴ TPQ is an isoscles triangle

∴ ∠ TPQ = ∠ TQP = (180o - θ ) = 90o -

1

2
θ

Since, TP is a tangent to the circle at point of contact P

∴ ∠ OPT = 90o
∴ ∠OPQ = ∠ OPT - ∠ TPQ = 90o - (90o - 1

2
θ )= θ

2
= 1

2
∠ PTQ
Thus, ∠ PTQ = 2∠ OPQ
44. Draw a circle and two lines parallel to a given line such that one is a tangent and
the other, a secant to the circle.

Ans. :
Steps of Construction:
i. Draw a circle with any radius and center O. Here xy is given line.
 ii. Choose any point P on the circumference of the circle, and draw a line
passing through P, Let's name it AB.
iii. Draw a line AB parallel to xy, such that AB intersects the circle at two
points P and [Link], AB and xy are two parallel lines. AB intersects the
circle at exactly two points, P and Q. Therefore, line AB is the secant of this
circle.
iv. CD intersects the circle at exactly one point, R, line CD is the tangent to the
circle.
45. A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of their environmental
awareness programme, in which they collected the following data regarding the
number of plants in 20 houses in a locality. Find the mean number of plants per
house.
Number of plants 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14
Number of houses 1 2 1 5 6 2 3
Which method did you use for finding the mean, and why?
Ans. :
Number of plants Number of houses(f i) Class mark (xi) f ixi
0-2 1 1 1
2-4 2 3 6
4-6 1 5 5
6-8 5 7 35
8-10 6 9 54
10-12 2 11 22
12-14 3 13 39
Total ∑ fi = 20 ∑ fi xi = 162

∑ fi xi

¯¯
∴ x̄ = ... Using direct method because numerical values of xi and f i are
∑ fi

small
= 162

20

= 8.1 plants
We have used direct method for finding the mean because numerical values of xi
and f i are small.

46. Two dice, one blue and one grey are thrown at the same time. Write down all
the possible outcomes. What is the probability that the sum of the two numbers
appearing on the top of the dice is
i. 8?
ii. 13?
 iii. less than or equal to 12?
Ans. : When the blue die shows ‘1’, the grey die could show any one of the
numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The same is true when the blue die shows ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, ‘5’ or
‘6’. The possible outcomes of the experiment are listed in the table below; the first
number in each ordered pair is the number appearing on the blue die and the
second number is that on the grey die.

So, the number of possible outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36.

i. The outcomes favourable to the event ‘the sum of the two numbers is 8’
denoted by E, are: (2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2) (see Fig.)
i.e., the number of outcomes favourable to E = 5.
Hence, P(E) = 5

36

ii. As you can see from Fig., there is no outcome favourable to the event F,
‘the sum of two numbers is 13’.
So, P (F ) = 0
= 0
36

iii. As you can see from Fig., all the outcomes are favourable to the event G,
‘sum of two numbers ≤ 12’.
So, P(G) = 36

36
= 1

* Given section consists of questions of 4 marks each. ( Write any 5 ) [20]

47. A pole has to be erected at a point on the boundary of a circular park of

diameter 13 metres in such a way that the difference of its distances from two
diametrically opposite fixed gates A and B on the boundary is 7 metres. Is it
possible to do so? If yes, at what distances from the two gates should the pole
be erected?
Ans. : Let P be the position of the pole and A & B be the opposite fixed gates. Let,
BP = x metres.
∴ AP = x + 7
In right triangle APB,
 AP2 + BP2 = AB2
⇒ (x + 7)2 + x2 = 132
⇒ x2 + 49 + 14x + x2 = 169
⇒ 2x2 + 14x + 49 - 169 = 0
⇒ 2x2 + 14x - 120 = 0
⇒ 2(x2 + 7x - 60) = 0
⇒ x2 + 7x - 60 = 0
⇒ x2 + 12x - 5x - 60 = 0
⇒ x(x + 12) - 5(x + 12) = 0
⇒ (x + 12)(x - 5) = 0

Either x+12 = 0, then x = -12 which is not possible being negative or x - 5 = 0, then x
= 5.
Thus P is at a distance of 5m from B and 5+7 = 12m from A.
48. The sum of the third and the seventh terms of an AP is 6 and their product is 8.
Find the sum of the first sixteen terms of the AP.
Ans. :
Let the first term and the common difference of the AP be a and d respectively.
According to the question,
Third term + seventh term = 6
⇒ [a + (3 - 1)d] + [a + (7 - 1)d] = 6 = a + (n - 1)d

⇒ (a + 2d) + (a + 6d) = 6 ⇒ 2a + 8d = 6

⇒ a + 4d = 3 ..... (1)

Dividing throughout by 2 &

(third term) (seventh term) = 8
⇒ (a + 2d) (a + 6d) = 8

⇒ (a + 4d - 2d) (a + 4d + 2d) = 8
⇒ (3 - 2d) (3 + 2d) = 8
⇒ 9 - 4d2 = 8
2 2 1 1
⇒ 4d = 1 ⇒ d = ⇒ d+±
4 2

Case I, when d =
1

Then from (1), a + 4 ( 1

2
) = 3

⇒ a+2=3⇒a=3-2⇒a=1
∴ Sum of first sixteen terms of the AP = S16
 16 n
= [2a + (16 − 1)d] ∵ Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2 2

= 8[2a + 15d]
1
= 8[2(1) + 15( )]
2

15
= 8[12 + ]
2

19
= 8[ ]
2

= 4 × 19 = 76

Case II. When d = − 1

Then from (1),

1
a + 4 (− ) = 3
2

⇒ a-2=3⇒a=3+2⇒a=5
∴ Sum of first sixteen terms of the AP = S16
16 n
= [2a + (16 − 1)d] ∵ Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2 2

1 15 5
= 8[2a + 15d] = 8 [2(5) + 15 (− )] = 8 [10 − ] = 8[ ] = 20
2 2 2

49. If AD and PM are medians of triangles ABC and PQR, respectively where △ ABC
∼ △ PQR, Prove that AB

PQ
=
AD

PM

Ans. : Given: AD and PM are median of triangles ABC and PQR respectively where
△ ABC ∼ △ PQR

To prove: AB

PQ
=
AD

PM

Proof: △ ABC ∼ △ PQR ........Given

∴
AB

PQ
=
QR
BC
=
CA

RP
.......(1).....[ ∵ Corresponding sides of two similar triangles are
proportional]
and ∠ A = ∠ P, ∠ B= ∠ Q, ∠ C= ∠ R, ..........(2) [ ∵ corresponding sides of
two similar triangles are proportional]
But BC = 2BD and QR = 2QM.............. ∵ AD and PM are medians
So, from(1), AB

PQ
=
2BD

2QM

⇒
AB

PQ
=
BD

QM
........(3)
Also, ∠ ABD = ∠ PQM .........(4).......... From (2)
∴ △ ABD ∼ △PQM .......SAS similarity criterion
∴
AB

PQ
=
PM
AD
........ [∵ Corresponding sides of two similar triangles are proportional]
50. A vertical pole of length 6 m casts a shadow 4 m long on the ground and at the
same time a tower casts a shadow 28 m long. Find the height of the tower.
Ans. : Let AB denoted the vertical pole of length [Link] is the shadow of the pole
on the ground BC = 4m.
 Let DE denote the tower.
EF is shadow of the tower on the ground.
EF = 28 m.
Let the height of the tower be h m.

In △ ABC and △ DEF,

∠ B = ∠ E ......[Each equal to 90o because pole and tower are standing vertical to
the ground]
∠ C = ∠ F .....[Same elevation]

∠ A = ∠ D ∵ shadows are cast at the same time

∴ △ ABC and △ DEF,

∠ B= ∠ E ............[Each equal to 90o because pole and tower are standing vertical
to the ground.]
∠ A=∠ D ( ∵ shadows are cast at the same time)

∴ △ ABC ~ △ DEF ......(AA similarity criterion)

∴
DE
AB
=
BC

EF
...........[ ∵ corresponding sides of two similar triangles are
proportional]
6 4
⇒ =
h 28

6×28
⇒ h = ⇒ h = 42
4

Hence, the height of the tower is 42 m

51. The following data gives the distribution of total monthly household expenditure
of 200 families of a village. Find the modal monthly expenditure of the families.
Also, find the mean monthly expenditure:
Expenditure (in ₹) Frequency
1000-1500 24

1500-2000 40
2000-2500 33
2500-3000 28
3000-3500 30
3500-4000 22

4000-4500 16
4500-5000 7
 Ans. : We may observe from the given data that maximum class frequency is 40
belonging to 1500 - 2000 interval.
Class size (h) = 500
Mode = l + h
f −f
1
×
2f − f1 − f2

Lower limit (l)of modal class = 1500

Frequency (f) of modal class = 40
Frequency (f 1) of class preceding modal class = 24
Frequency (f 2) of class succeeding modal class = 33
mode = 1500 + 40−24

2×40−24−33
× 500
= 1500 + × 500
16

80−57

= 1500 + 347.826
= 1847.826 ≈ 1847.83
Expenditure (in ₹.) Number of families f i xi di = xi - 2750 ui uif i
1000-1500 24 1250 -1500 -3 -72
1500-2000 40 1750 -1000 -2 -80
2000-2500 33 2250 -500 -1 -33
2500-3000 28 2750=a 0 0 0
3000-3500 30 3250 500 1 30
3500-4000 22 3750 1000 2 44
4000-4500 16 4250 1500 3 48
4500-5000 7 4750 2000 4 28
Σfi = 200 Σfi di = - 35

Mean h
Σf di
i
¯¯
x̄ = a+ ×
Σf
i

¯¯
x̄ = 2750 + −35

200
× 500
¯¯
x̄ = 2750 - 87.5
¯¯
¯
x = 2662.5
52. The following distribution gives the state-wise teachers-student ratio in higher
secondary schools of India. Find the mode and mean of this data. Interpret the
two measures:
Number of students per teacher Number of states/U.T.

15 - 20 3
20 - 25 8
25 - 30 9
30 - 35 10
35 - 40 3

40 - 45 0
 45 - 50 0
50 - 55 2

Ans. : WE may observe from the given data that maximum class frequency is 10
belonging to class interval 30 - 35.
So, modal class = 30 - 35
Class size (h) = 5
Lower limit (l) of modal class = 30
Frequency (f) of modal class = 10
Frequency (f 1) of class preceding modal class = 9
Frequency (f 2) of class succeeding modal class = 3

Mode = l + h
f −f1
×
2f − f − f
1 2

= 30 + 10−9

2×10−9−3
× h
= 30 + 1

20−12
× 5
= 30 + 5

= 30.625
Mode = 30.6
It represents that most of states/U.T have a teacher-student ratio as 30.6
Now we may find class marks by using the relation
Class mark = upper class limit +lower class limit

Now taking 32.5 as assumed mean (a) we may calculate di, ui, and f iui as following

Number of students per Number of states/U.T

xi di = xi - 32.5 Ui f iui
teacher (f i)

17.
15 – 20 3 -15 -3 -9
5
22.
20 – 25 8 -10 -2 -16
5

27.
25 – 30 9 -5 -1 -9
5
32.
30 – 35 10 0 0 0
5
37.
35 – 40 3 5 1 3
5

42.
40 – 45 0 10 2 0
5
47.
45 – 50 0 15 3 0
5
 52.
50 – 55 2 20 4 8
5
Total 35 -23

Now, Mean h
Σfi ui
¯¯
x̄ = a+ ×
Σf
i

= 32.5 + −23

35
× 5
= 32.5 - 23

= 32.5 - 3.28
= 29.22
So mean of data is 29.2.
It represents that on an average teacher-student ratio was 29.2
53. Suppose you drop a die at random on the rectangular region shown in Figure.
What is the probability that it will land inside the circle with diameter 1m?

Ans. : Total area of the given figure (rectangle) = 3 × 2 = 6m

2

d =1
1
r =
2

And Area of circle =

2
πr
2
= π(
1

2
) =
π

4
m
2

N umber of f avourble outcomes

P roabibilty of the event =
T otal number of possible outcomes

Hence, P(die to land inside the circle) = =

4

6
π

24

Hence the probability of die to land inside the circle is π

24

54. Suppose we throw a die once.

a. What is the probability of getting a number greater than 4?
b. What is the probability of getting a number less than or equal to 4?
Ans. :
i. Let E be the event that ‘getting a number greater than 4’.
The number of possible outcomes is six: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and the
outcomes favourable to E are 5 and 6.
Therefore, the number of outcomes favourable to E is 2.
so, P(E) = P(number greater than 4) = 2

6
=
1

ii. Let F be the event that ‘getting a number less than or equal to 4’.
Number of possible outcomes = 6
Outcomes favourable to the event F are 1, 2, 3, 4.
so, the number of outcomes favourable to F is 4.
Therefore, P(F) =
4

6
=
2

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