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TY - CHAP
TI - Front Matter
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.1
EP - iv
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - i
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TY - CHAP
TI - Table of Contents
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.2
EP - viii
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - v
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TY - CHAP
TI - List of figures
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.3
EP - x
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - ix
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TY - CHAP
TI - List of tables
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.4
EP - xii
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - xi
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TY - CHAP
TI - Preface
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.5
EP - xiv
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - xiii
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TY - CHAP
TI - Acknowledgements
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.6
EP - xvi
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - xv
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TY - CHAP
TI - An introduction to galaxy formation
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
AB - Galaxies are the building blocks of the Cosmos. Separated by vast distances,
they also serve as tracers of the cosmic expansion and the primordial density
fluctuations that gave rise to structure in the universe. Galaxy formation requires
an understanding of the most fundamental physical processes: gravitation,
statistical mechanics, gas hydrodynamics, radiative transfer, atomic physics, etc.
In this book we will focus on the gravitational side of galaxies, dealing with both
the statistical treatment of galaxies as an N-body system evolving purely under
gravitational forces and with the growth of galaxies from evolving density
fluctuations in an expanding Universe. This introductory
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.7
EP - 26
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 1
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TI - The classical theory of gravitation
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
AB - The Newtonian theory of gravitation is presented here, along with the most
fundamental equations. We will begin with Kepler’s problem, the simplest case of a
gravitational system. The centrepiece of classical gravity as a field is Poisson’s
equation, which relates the mass density distribution with a scalar function
(potential) from which the forces (and hence the dynamical evolution) can be
followed. Variations of this field equation are found in many other areas of
physics, including electrodynamics and general relativity. The concept of
gravitational potential energy is presented. The importance of the
potential/density relation is stressed in the chapter. Simple cases
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.8
EP - 42
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 27
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TI - A statistical treatment of stellar systems
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
AB - A many-body gravitational problem – involving millions or even billions of
stars – cannot be solved in the same way as the standard two-body problem. A
statistical treatment is required, following an analogy between thermodynamics and
statistical physics. The concept of phase space and the distribution function is
fundamental to a statistical description of a dynamical system. This treatment is
valid for stellar systems because of the nature of gravity and the characteristic
densities in these systems, which lead to a long relaxation time, a concept that
will be explored in some detail here. The main equation that governs the
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.9
EP - 69
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 43
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TI - Understanding our Galaxy
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
AB - The Milky Way Galaxy can be described, to the lowest order, as a system of
stars in a thin, differentially rotating disc. A more detailed description includes
additional components: bulge, thick disc, stellar halo and dark matter halo, with
the latter dominating the overall gravitational potential. Each component is in a
different dynamical state, imprinted during the formation history of the Galaxy.
After a brief introduction to the main properties of our Galaxy, including basic
details of positional astronomy (galactic coordinates and the local standard of
rest), the chapter dives into the standard approach of measuring galactic rotation
and to
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.10
EP - 91
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 70
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TI - Specific aspects of disc and elliptical galaxies
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
AB - This chapter presents a few properties of the dynamics of stars in the two
general morphological classes of galaxies: disc and elliptical systems. Their
different dynamical states (discs supported by rotation; ellipticals supported
mostly by random motion) and surface brightness radial gradients (with discs having
exponential distributions and ellipticals featuring steeper profiles) are telltale
signatures of their different formation histories. We begin with a general overview
of their main properties. We explore the scaling relations in galaxies (Tully-
Fisher in discs, Fundamental Plane and its projections in ellipticals), and their
connection with the virial theorem, as well as other physical processes.
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.11
EP - 106
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 92
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TY - CHAP
TI - Galactic chemical enrichment
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
AB - Most of the chemical elements in the periodic table were synthesized in the
cores of stars. The Big Bang, although very hot during a brief period of time,
could not keep the required condition of temperature and density for long enough,
resulting only in a 25 per cent production by mass of helium from hydrogen, along
with traces of a few heavier nuclei. The synthesis in the Universe of elements such
as C, O, Mg and Fe can take place only in the central regions of stars, where the
conditions for thermonuclear reactions are adequate. Therefore, the build-up of the
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.12
EP - 120
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 107
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TI - The growth of density fluctuations
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
AB - Galaxies start as minute density fluctuations in an otherwise homogenous and
expanding Universe. During the first phases of galaxy growth, the fluctuations were
so small that simple equations can be solved to trace this early evolution (linear
phase). An overview of cosmology is necessary, including the treatment of the
expanding Universe through Friedmann’s equations, although a simple Newtonian
argument will suffice here, in lieu of a more complex treatment with general
relativity (outside the scope of this textbook). The concept of critical density
and the evolution of the background matter and radiation densities will be
presented, leading to the equations
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.13
EP - 148
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 121
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TY - CHAP
TI - Smaller stellar systems: Stellar clusters
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
AB - While this book focuses on galaxies, there exist smaller gravitating systems
in which very interesting dynamical mechanisms that are not found in galaxies play
an important role. Stellar clusters, which inhabit galaxies themselves, come in two
flavours: open clusters and globular clusters. This chapter explores the properties
of these systems and the differences with respect to the dynamics of a galaxy.
Strong tidal forces are especially important, leading to the destruction of lower-
mass clusters. In addition, the high densities found in the cores of globular
clusters lead us to explore in more detail the connection between collisionless
dynamics and thermodynamics.
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.14
EP - 162
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 149
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TI - Larger stellar systems: Galaxy clusters
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
AB - Beyond galaxy scales, an extended structure pervades the Universe in the form
of filaments over very large distances (≳10s of Mpc). At the confluence of these
filaments lie clusters of galaxies. We will briefly explore their properties in
this final chapter, in relation to all the material seen so far. A simple model
including hydrostatic equilibrium allows us to measure the masses of galaxy
clusters, leading to yet another robust proof of the presence of dark matter. In
addition, gravitational lensing based on the deflection of light by the presence of
large masses is a useful technique. We will present
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.15
EP - 174
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 163
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TY - CHAP
TI - Further reading
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.16
EP - 176
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 175
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TY - CHAP
TI - Index
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.17
EP - 182
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 177
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
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TY - CHAP
TI - Back Matter
AU - Ferreras, Ignacio
DB - JSTOR
DO - 10.2307/j.ctv8jnzhq.18
EP - 183
PB - UCL Press
PY - 2019
SN - 9781911307624
SP - 183
T2 - Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution
UR - [Link]
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