Class: 10 English / Semi-English Subject : Science 2 Total Marks: 40
(State)
Date: Chapter: 1. Heredity and Time: 2 hr
Evolution
10th Science 2 40 Marks
Answer Key
Q.1) A) Choose the correct alternative for the following questions [05]
1) a) deoxyribose
2) b) Cellulose
3) a) Neanderthal
4) d) Origin of species
5) d) mutational
Q.1) B) Answer the following questions [05]
1) Long neck Giraffe – Others are vestigial organs
2) True
3) True
4) Sickle cell anaemia, etc.
5) True
Q.2) A) Give scientific reasons (any two) [04]
1) i) Forelimb of bat and flipper of whale appear different superficially and also have different
functions.
ii) They however, are similar in structure of bones and bony joints in organs and hence indicate a
common ancestry.
2) i) The animals like dog, sheep and wolf resemble each other in various morphological features.
ii) They possess similarities in structure of mouth, position of eyes, structure of nostrils and ear
pinnae and thickly distributed hairs on body.
Hence, morphological evidences provide prove that dog, sheep and wolf share a common origin.
3) i) When the carbon dating method as used to determine the age of fossils, it was understood
that invertebrates were present on earth much before the vertebrates.
ii) The fossils of invertebrates are present in lower layers of earth strata.
iii) They wear seen in Paleozoic era of geological time period.
iv) Vertebrates dominated during Cenozoic era. Their fossils are seen in the upper strata of the
earth’s crust.
v) The structural complexity also increased in vertebrates.
Hence, all these facts support evolution of vertebrates from invertebrates.
Q.2) B) Answer the following questions (any three) [06]
1) i) Animal Images : We see similarities in the structure of mouth, position of eyes, ear pinnae,
distribution of hair on their bodies, etc.
ii) Plant Images : We see similarities in the shape of leaves, its venation, Petiole, colour of their
leaves, position and the manner in which the fruits hang from the branches, etc.
2) DNA has three types of chemical components : i) phosphate ii) a sugar called deoxyribose
iii) four nitrogenous bases-adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.
3) null
4) i) The ribosome keeps on moving from one end of mRNA to other end by the distance of one
triplet codon. This is called Translocation.
ii) Any sudden change that occurs in the nucleotide sequence of a gene, causing a minor or
considerable change in the characters of an individual is called mutation.
5) i) Embryology is a branch of biology that deals with the study of an different stages of
development of embryo.
ii) It enables us to comparatively study the developmental stages of various animals.
iii) Embryos of different vertebrates appear similar during the initial stages indicating common
origin of these animals.
iv) Similarities decrease gradually as the embryos develop due to an increase in complexity from
differentiation of the cells into specialized tissues to form specific organs.
Q.3) Answer the following questions (any five) [15]
1) i) The given diagram represents the structure of ground level and fossils i.e., the remnants and
impressions of organisms that remain preserved underground.
ii) Fossils of invertebrates, pisces, amphibians and some reptiles are found in the lowermost
levels of ground indicating that they evolved around the paleozoic era.
iii) Fossils of reptiles were also found in the middle layers of the ground indicating that these
fossils date back to the mesozoic era.
iv) The top- most layer on the ground has fossils of aves and mammals indicating that they
evolved in the cenozoic era.
v) The presence of fossils of animals in different layers of soil indicate that progressive
development took place in animals.
2) i) Connecting links are some plants or animals that show morphological characters by which
they can be related to two different groups of organisms.
ii) Peripatus is the connecting link between two different groups- Annelida and Arthropoda. It
shows annelid- like characters such as segmented body, thin cuticle and parapodia- like organs. It
also shows arthropod-like characters such as tracheal respiration and open circulatory system.
iii) The duck- billed platypus is a connecting link between mammals and reptiles. It shows
similarity with mammals due to the presence of mammary glands and hairs. It lays eggs like
reptiles.
iv) Lungfishes are connecting links between fishes and amphibians. The lungfish performs
respiration with lungs even though it is a fish.
3) Translation and Translocation
4) i) Label parts 1 to 4
1 – Invertebrates, 2 – Pisces, Amphibia, Reptiles, 3 – Reptiles, 4- Mammals, Aves
b) Paleontological evidence is shown in the picture by the study of fossil found in the layers of the
ground.
c) i) Carbon dating is a method used in determining the age of fossils and manuscripts. ii) The
time passed since the death of a plant or animal can be calculated by measuring the radioactivity
of C- 14 and the ratio of C-14 and C-12 present in their body.
5) Mutation
6) i) The cellular process depicted in the diagram is transcription.
ii) The enzyme required for this process is RNA polymerase.
iii) This process occurs in the nucleus of a cell.
7) The given diagrams depict anatomical similarities between human hand, foreleg of ox, forelimb
of bat and fifer of whale.
i) Anatomical evidences are the similarities in structures and anatomy between different
organisms.
ii) The hand of human, foreleg of ox, flipper of whale and forelimbs of bat appear different
superficially or morphologically.
iii) Also, the function of these structures is different in different animals.
iv) However, there is a similarity in the structure of bones and bony joints in the organs of these
animals.
v) These similarities indicate that the animals evolved from a common ancestor thus providing
proof of evolution.
8) i) The part labelled as ‘X’ is appendix.
ii) The type of organ shown in the given diagram is a vestigial organ.
iii) Other examples of vestigial organs in humans are wisdom tooth, coccyx, body hairs, muscle of
ear pinna, etc.
Q.4) Answer the following questions (any one) [05]
1) i) The name of the theory is Lamarckism.
ii) Jean -Baptiste Lamarck proposed this theory.
iii) Lamarck said that morphological changes occur gradually either due to specific activities or
laziness of a particular organism. E.g. Giraffe’s neck is a long due to browning on leaves of tall
plants by extending its neck.
iv) Lamarck’s theory of inheritance of acquired characters was disproved because the
modifications brought about in an individual are not transferred to the next generation.
2) i) Remnants and impressions of organisms remain preserved underground. These are called as
fossils.
ii) Study of fossils is an important aspect of study of evolution.
iii) With the help of Carbon dating method, the age of human fossils and manuscripts is
determined.
iv) From this, it becomes easy to deduce the information about these organisms.
v) It seems that vertebrates have slowly originated from invertebrates.