PUNJAB INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
ASSIGHMENT-III
Topic- Weed for rabi crop
Submitted By Submitted To
Aprajita Kumari Mr. Abhishek Khokhar
Roll No: 2113927
Weed for rabi crop
INTRODUCTION
Weed- Weeds are unwanted and undesirable plants which interfere with the
utilization of land and water resources and thus adversely affect human welfare.
They can also be referred as plants out of place.
Weeds are an important factor in the management of all land and water
resources, but its effect is greatest on agriculture. The losses caused by weeds
exceed the losses caused by any other category of agricultural pests. Of the total
annual loss in agriculture produce, weeds account for 45%, insect 30%, disease
20% and other pests 5%.
Rabi crop:
These crops are sown around the Retreating Monsoon and Northeast
monsoon season, which begins in October and are called rabi or
winter crops.
The harvest for these crops happens typically during April and May,
during the summer season.
These crops are not much affected by the rainfall.
Major Rabi crops are wheat, gram, peas, barley etc.
A warm climate is required for seed germination and cold climate for
the growth of crops.
Example - Wheat, barley, oat, peas, potato, tomato, beet, cabbage, alfalfa,
garlic, onion, cumin, coriander, fennel, linseed, sunflower, mustard, amaranth
Major weed of rabi crop and their control:
[Link] name-Gulli danda
Botanical name-Phalaris minor
Family- Poaceae
Control- Fenoxaprop-ethyl is an excellent herbicide to control grassy weeds
and especially against P. minor. But its continuous use develops resistance
biotypes of P. minor
[Link] name-Jaundhar
Botanical name-Avena ludoviciana
Family- Poaceae
Control-
Regardless of the growth stage (3–4 or 6–7 leaf stages), clethodim
(120 g a.i./ha), haloxyfop (78 g a.i./ha), pinoxaden (20 g a.i./ha), and
propaquizafop (30 g a.i./ha) were the best alternative herbicide
options for the control of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana
[Link] name- Rye grass
Botanical name- Lolium temulentum
Family- Poaceae
Control- the best form of invasive species management is prevention. If
prevention is no longer possible, it is best to treat the weed infestations when
they are small to prevent them from establishing (early detection and rapid
response). Controlling the weed before it seeds will reduce future problems.
Control is generally best applied to the least infested areas before dense
infestations are tackled. Consistent follow-up work is required for sustainable
management.
[Link] name- Loombar gha
Botanical name- Polypogen
monspeliensis
Family- Poaceae
Control: Clean all clothing and equipment after working or recreating in
infested areas.
Small infestations can be successfully dug out if done before plants have gone
to seed.
[Link] name- Jangli palak
Botanical name- Rumex dentatus
Family- Polygonaceae
Control: allelopathy can be used to suppress
weeds in field crops. The study confirmed the use
of O. vaginalis into current weed control
techniques. O. vaginalis could be explored further for weed
suppression in the field.
[Link] name- Kandiali palak Dock
Botanical name- Rumex spinosus
Family- Polygonaceae
Control: The entire surface soil is dug to a shallow
depth with the help of hand hoes, weeds are uprooted
and removed. After hand hoeing, the field is subjected
to drying to avoid re-establishing of uprooted weeds
[Link] name-Jangli matar
Botanical name- Lathyrus sativus
Family- Fabaceae
Control: For normal sown crops one hand - weeding at 30 - 35 days after
sowing (if soil condition permit). Weeds can also be managed effectively by
spray of fluchloralin (Basalin) 45 EC @ 0.75 - 1 kg a.i./ha in 750 - 1000 liters
of water as pre-plant incorporation.
[Link] name- Bathu
Botanical name- Chenopodium album
Family- Chenopodiaceae
Control: In most crops it is currently controlled
byherbicides. In some crops, such as maize, chemical control
is difficult, because C. album has become resistant to these herbicides. In other
crops, such as sugar beet, the use of herbicides could be reduced considerably if
selective control of C. album were possible. Recent experiments using the
fungus Ascochyta caulina as a microbial herbicide to control C. albumare
encouraging (up to 70% control under field conditions).
[Link] name- Dokanni/Pili
Botanical name- Lathyrus aphaca
Family- Lathyrus aphaca
Control: Research potential natural predators or pathogens that might control
Lathyrus aphaca. This method is less common and depends on availability and
effectiveness.
[Link] name- Rari or rewari
Botanical name- Vicia sativa
Family- Fabaceae
Control: The traditional technique of controlling V. sativa is to pull it
manually and use as fodder. The main non-chemical approaches to control are
mechanical methods, deep tillage and shading/smothering crops.