Knowing and Understanding Oneself during JOHARI WINDOW

Middle and Late Adolescence

 a technique that helps people improve
 Adolescence is a stage wherein we tend self-awareness, interpersonal
to build a “socially constructed sense of relationships and opportunity for
self”, that is our sense of self as personal development by giving or
influenced by how others view us. This receiving feedbacks on each other’s
socially constructed sense of self is the strengths, weaknesses and blind spots.
reason why we tend to seek approval  developed by American Psychologists
and acceptance of other people for a Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955.
purpose of attaining sense of The name “Johari” is formed from
belongingness. combining their first names.
1. Arena
SELF CONCEPT
- or the Known Self.
 According to Carl Rogers, a humanist - This form of the self is what you and
psychologist others see in you. Things we know
 Self-concept is our general awareness about ourselves and others know
about ourselves, the image that we about us, like that of the talents and
have of ourselves. skills or even our weaknesses that
 made up of three different parts, the we know about ourselves and
actual self, the ideal self and the self- others know about us.
esteem. 2. Blind Spot
1. ACTUAL SELF - or the Blind Self.
is the one that you actually see. It is the - These are our actions and behaviors
self that has characteristics that you others know about us that we are
were nurtured or, in some cases, born not aware of.
to have. - These can be positive or negative
2. IDEAL SELF and may include hidden strengths
Your ideal self is the self that you aspire and potentialities or areas for
to be. It is the one that you hope will improvement.
possess characteristics similar to that of 3. Façade
a mentor or some other worldly figure. - or the Hidden Self.
- In this form of self, we hide things
SELF-ESTEEM that are private about ourselves.
 Overall subjective sense of value or - These may include feelings,
personal worth. That is how we feel ambitions and opinions that we
about our strengths and weaknesses. choose to hide due to fear of
 If we have healthy self-esteem, we feel negative reactions from others.
good about ourselves. If we have low Reasons for hiding may be because
self-esteem, we have the tendency to we do not want our weaknesses to
put a little value on our ideas and be exposed.
opinions. Likewise, if we have low self- 4. Unknown
esteem, we might constantly worry - This form of self is not known to
about being not good enough. others and not known to self.
- This includes skills, behaviors,
Self-Awareness undiscovered talents, etc. that are
 Self-Awareness is a state of having the unknown to us and to others.
knowledge about our existence as - If we explore and get ourselves
unique individuals who are able to involve in new activities with new
recognize our values, beliefs, traits, groups of people will help us
behaviors and feelings. increase our self-awareness.
Early Adolescence • They enjoy much hanging around with their
friends rather than staying at home with the
10 to 14 years old
family.
• This is the beginning of puberty stage.
• It is a period of risk-taking behaviors.
• Changes in hormones happen which
• They find satisfaction in exploring and trying
contribute to mood swings.
new things.
• Physical growth and changes are vividly
• Begins to think outside the box and starts to
significant.
plan for their future.
• Changes in the body are noticeable like hair
• Most of them are very idealistic yet still
growth in armpits and some on the genitals.
unable to apply in real life situations.
• Males begin to experience enlargement of
• Many become interested and involved in a
their testicles while females do have breast
romantic relationship
development.
• Wants to be involved in a group and seeks
• Many girls start their menstruation period at
more independence.
age 12, two to three years after the onset of
breast development. • Arguments between them and their parents
do occur every time the latter impose rules.
• Due to various body developments many
become curious to what is happening to them • This is the peak of peer pressure.
which sometimes resulted to anxiety.
• They become conscious of their community
• This stage is where they value much of their and get more concern for the well-being of
privacy and their independence. others.

• Understanding abstract ideas is not that Late Adolescence

substantial but has eagerness to learn.
18 to 24 years old
• No concrete plans for the future.
• Fewer to almost complete physical
• Begins thinking and considering spiritual and developments
moral values
• Considers mental or cognitive growth

• Maturity becomes evident with regard to

Middle Adolescence decision-making.

15 to 17 years old • They become less impulsive, more critical and

rational.
• Puberty stage is almost complete.
• They now have a better control with their
• Development in the physical aspect becomes
emotions.
slower among females but it continues among
males. • They can now identify their own core values.

• Emotionally unstable most of the time which • Start to value family relationship
is linked in the social and school environment.
• Becomes emotionally stable.
• Most of them are egocentric which means
• Life-plans are more specific.
they think more on themselves, for they are
more self-conscious on how they look or how • Faith in God is stronger.
they appear to other people.

• Most of them spend more time with their

peers rather than with their parents and
siblings.
Emerging Adulthood (Jeffrey Jensen Arnett's Physical Self
Theory)
- describing your complexion, height,
 Age Range: 18-25 years old. weight, hair, or any body parts that
you like the most.
 Developmental Stage: Happens after
adolescence and before young Emotional
adulthood.
- the part of you that deals with
 Key Focus: A period of identity feelings, “good” or “bad.”
exploration (e.g., career, relationships, Embracing it allows you to develop
beliefs). greater self-awareness and
empathy, express yourself openly,
Origins of the Theory
and cultivate healthy coping
 Rooted in Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial strategies to deal with life's ups and
Development Theory. downs.

o Erikson proposed eight stages Social

that span across a human’s life.
- how well you get along with other
o The fifth stage occurs during people with different types of
adolescence and focuses on attitudes and personality. Describe
identity exploration. the kind of person you are when
you are with your closest friends,
Adolescence vs. Emerging Adulthood teachers, or your family.
 For Erikson, adolescence (ages 12-18) Spiritual
was the key period of identity
exploration. - spiritual connection to your religion
and your spiritual relationship with
 Arnett argued that emerging adulthood other people.
is the primary stage for this exploration
now, based on:  Republic Act (RA) 10354: Responsible
o Demographic Changes: Parenthood and Reproductive Health
(RPRH) Act of 2012
 More individuals
attending college.  The law defines adolescents as
people aged 10-19 years.
 Delayed entry into the  This term is distinct from
workforce, marriage, youth (15-24 years) and
and parenthood (now young people (10-24
typically happening in years).
the mid-to-late 20s).  Adolescents make up 21.5%
Key Difference: of the Philippine
population (NSO, 2010).
 Erikson: Adolescence is the major  The Department of Health
identity-forming stage. (DOH) and Philippine
Pediatric Society (PPS)
 Arnett: Emerging adulthood (18-25) is classify adolescence into
now the main period of identity three stages:
development due to societal shifts. o Early adolescence
IPESS (10-13 years old)
o Middle adolescence
Intellectual Self (14-16 years old)
o Late adolescence
- reasoning ability, problem solving
(17-19 years old)
skills, specific areas you are good at
or the wisdom you gained from
your experience.
  Adolescents in each stage puberty and increased
have different concerns, such sexual interest.
as:  Middle adolescence (14-
o Early adolescents may 16 years): By this time,
focus on menstrual puberty is complete, and
hygiene or school- individuals develop a growing
related concerns. capacity for abstract ideas
o Late adolescents are and undergo significant
more focused on social and emotional
romantic relationships changes.
or employment.  Late adolescence (17-19
years): Marks the final
 What is Special about preparation for adult roles,
Adolescents? with developmental demands
often extending into young
 Adolescence is a rapid and adulthood.
formative phase of
development, characterized  Challenges During
by distinct physical, Adolescence
cognitive, social, emotional,
and sexual changes.  Adolescents face challenges
 Derived from the Latin verb in peer, family, and
adolescere (meaning "to romantic relationships:
grow to maturity"), 1. Peer relationships:
adolescence marks the Involve friends,
transition from childhood to classmates, and
adulthood. teammates, offering a
 Adolescents experience: space for developing
o Hormonal changes personal identity and
and puberty, gaining independence
triggering new from parents.
sensations and 2. Family relationships:
emotions. Strong family
o Burst of emotional connections provide
and physiological adolescents with a
brain development. sense of security and
o Sexual awareness love.
and gender identity 3. Romantic
formation, with relationships: Often
gender identity involve emotional
referring to one’s intimacy and passion
internal sense of with the opposite sex,
gender, which may playing a role in
differ from their identity formation.
assigned sex at birth.
 Adolescence is a milestone  Examples of Social Challenges
in personal development, During Middle and Late
marking exploration and Adolescence
community engagement.
 Youth violence: Intentional
 The Three Stages of use of physical force,
Adolescence including bullying, sexual
assault, and other violent
 Early adolescence (10-13 behaviors.
years): Characterized by o Bullying: Abuse and
mistreatment of
 vulnerable individuals freedom from
by someone more control and influence
powerful. from others, pushing
o Sexual assault: Illegal adolescents to seek
sexual contact, often more autonomy.
involving force or  Late Adolescence (Ages
inflicted on individuals 17-19)
unable to give consent o Increased
due to age or Independence and
incapacity. Emotional Stability:
 Substance abuse: Chronic, Adolescents become
pathological use of alcohol or more emotionally
drugs, leading to intoxication, stable and capable of
social impairment, and managing their
addiction. emotions and lives.
 Malnutrition: Faulty They achieve greater
nutrition due to inadequate independence from
or unbalanced nutrient family and other
intake. influences.
 Reproductive health: The o Logical Thinking and
complete physical, mental, Planning: They
and social well-being in develop the ability to
reproductive functions and think logically, make
processes. plans, and form a clear
 Lack of education: sense of identity—the
Individuals with below- unique set of qualities
average knowledge due to and beliefs that define
limited or no formal them.
schooling. o Romantic
 Family problems: Conflicts Relationships:
with family members, Romantic interests and
including parenting issues, relationships become a
sibling rivalry, separation, significant focus,
and financial difficulties. further shaping their
 Middle Adolescence (Ages personal identity and
14-16) social interactions.
o Moral Awareness:  Social Challenges in the
Adolescents in this Philippines
stage develop an Adolescents in the Philippines
understanding of face numerous social
morality, which challenges, including:
encompasses beliefs o Poverty: Many
about right and wrong adolescents live in
behavior. impoverished
o Abstract Thinking: conditions, affecting
They gain the ability to their ability to access
think more abstractly, education and
allowing them to healthcare.
comprehend o Lack of Education:
generalizations and Limited educational
apply complex opportunities hinder
concepts. their personal and
o Desire for professional growth.
Independence: This o Substance Abuse:
stage is marked by a The use of drugs or
strong desire for alcohol can derail their
 development and lead 2. Good Grooming: First
to addiction. impressions matter. For both
o Sex Crimes: men and women, dressing
Adolescents are appropriately and
vulnerable to sexual maintaining a clean, polished
abuse and violence, appearance boosts self-
which can severely esteem.
affect their mental 3. Proper Posture: Good
health and future posture not only affects
relationships. physical health but also
o Family Problems: enhances confidence and
Conflicts such as presence.
parental separation, 4. Proper Nutrition: Following
financial difficulties, a balanced diet based on the
and sibling rivalry Food Pyramid ensures that
create emotional the body and brain receive
distress and instability. essential nutrients.
5. Better Sleep: Regular and
Challenges of Middle and restful sleep is essential for
Late Adolescence overall well-being. Simple
habits, such as turning off
Physical Development electronics before bedtime
and maintaining a cool, quiet
 Body and Health: An environment, promote better
individual's physical sleep.
appearance, health, and
overall physique contribute Social Development
significantly to their
personality. These elements  Adolescents shift from
reflect lifestyle choices and dependence on parents to
affect how others perceive an greater maturity and
individual. responsibility within the
 Biopsychosocial Model of family and community.
Health: This model explains  Friendships: Social
that physical illness results interactions become
from the interaction of increasingly important, with
biological, psychological, adolescents seeking friends
and sociocultural factors. It who share similar values,
emphasizes the need to beliefs, and interests.
maintain physical well-being  Peer Influence: Adolescents
by considering these may be influenced by friends
interconnected factors. to engage in risky behaviors
 Puberty: By age 15, most such as alcohol or
girls have completed substance use.
puberty, while boys continue  How to Help Teens
to develop strength, Socially: Encouraging
muscle mass, and height, participation in after-school
as well as sexual traits. activities, finding mentors,
and balancing online and in-
Promoting Physical Health person socialization can help
teens develop strong social
1. Personal Hygiene: skills.
Maintaining cleanliness and
good hygiene is crucial for Mental Development
positive self-image and
personal confidence.
  Adolescents develop a better  Anxiety Disorders:
ability to set goals, solve Characterized by excessive
complex problems, and plan worry, nervousness, and
for the future. Cognitive physical symptoms like
challenges include memory sweating or increased
problems, inability to heart rate.
concentrate, and poor  Depression: A mood
judgment. disorder marked by
 Study Habits: Developing persistent feelings of
effective study habits is key sadness and hopelessness,
for academic success. often accompanied by
Techniques include creating physical symptoms such as
reviewers, choosing a good fatigue and digestive
study environment, and issues.
staying organized.  Eating Disorders:
Conditions such as anorexia
Moral/Spiritual nervosa and bulimia result
Development from unhealthy relationships
with food and body image.
 Morality: Adolescents
develop an understanding of Tips for Managing Extreme
morality, distinguishing Emotions
between right and wrong
actions based on character 1. Seek support from family and
and behavior. This stage is mental health professionals.
critical for the formation of 2. Understand the source of
personal values and ethics. stress and anxiety.
3. Focus on positive thoughts.
Emotional Development 4. Use relaxation techniques
like deep breathing.
 Emotions, derived from the 5. Engage in positive self-talk
Latin "emovere," are and boost self-esteem.
spontaneous responses to 6. Incorporate humor into daily
stimuli, ranging from life.
happiness to anger. 7. Keep busy to avoid negative
 Positive Emotions: Feelings thoughts.
like joy, excitement, and 8. Develop hardiness, a trait
satisfaction lead to a sense of that helps manage stress.
fulfillment and 9. Take breaks and spend time
accomplishment. in nature.
 Negative Emotions:
Feelings such as sadness,
jealousy, and anxiety can
cause distress and mental Understanding Mental Health and
health issues like Psychological Well-being
depression or anxiety
disorders. WELL-BEING
 Managing Emotions: - refers to a state of overall health,
Seeking help, maintaining a happiness, and contentment in
positive mindset, practicing
various aspects of an individual's
relaxation techniques,
life. It encompasses physical,
humor, and staying busy can
mental, emotional, social, and even
help manage extreme
economic dimensions.
emotions and stress.
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
Mental Health Issues
 - Psychological well-being refers to - A condition characterized by
the state of an individual's symptoms of physical or emotional
emotional and mental health, tension.
characterized by a sense of - An individual may feel when he/she
contentment, resilience, and is struggling to accept changes with
positive functioning in various physical, mental, and emotional
aspects of life. It encompasses a responses.
person's overall psychological state, - It may give tension which will lead
encompassing both positive and to various responses such as anger,
negative emotions, thoughts, and frustration, and nervousness. What
behaviors. you may not know is that it’s a
natural response of the mind and
Mental health
body to a situation in which a
- includes our emotional, person feels threatened or worried.
psychological, and social well-being. - Stress can be positive (the
It affects how we think, feel, and excitement of preparing for your
act. It also helps determine how we 18th birthday) or negative (dealing
handle stress, relate to others, and with the loss of a family member).
make choices. Mental health is - Stress was used to describe
important at every stage of life, a variety of unpleasant
from childhood and adolescence feelings such as over time
through adulthood. we feel angry, conflicted,
- Mental health is a
positive concept related
to the social and
emotional well-being of
individuals and
communities.
- Having good mental
health, or being mentally
healthy, is more than just
the absence of illness,
rather it's a state of
overall wellbeing.
- The concept is influenced
by culture, but it
overwhelmed, frustrated or
generally relates to:
fatigued. Demanding or
• Enjoyment of life
threatening events are often
• Having the ability to cope
referred to as stressors.
with
These events can cause
and 'bounce back from
stress, the organism’s
stress and
biological and behavioral
sadness
response to the stressor.
• Being able to set and fulfill
goals
• Having the capability to
build and MENTAL HEALTH INDICATORS
maintain relationships Emotional wellbeing: life satisfaction,
with happiness, cheerfulness, peacefulness.
others.
Psychological well-being: self-acceptance,
personal growth including openness to new
Stress experiences, optimism, hopefulness, purpose in
life, control of one’s environment, spirituality,
self-direction, and positive relationships.
Social well-being: social acceptance, belief in o Distress (bad stress) is the
the potential of people and society, personal negative form of stress that
self-worth and usefulness to society, and a can cause anxiety,
sense of community. overwhelm, and lead to poor
outcomes.

Identifying Cause and Effect of Stress in One’s Examples of Good Stress:

Life
o Job promotion
STRESS
o First date
- Is a simple to an input which o Being number one in class or
disturbs our physical and competitions
mental balance. o Receiving good
- It is ever-present in commendations from family,
everyones’ life in various friends, or relatives
situations and activities. o Acquiring new gadgets
o Holiday seasons
The images you uploaded contain o Passing examinations
information about stressors faced by o Meeting old friends
students and the distinction between good o Starting a new business
stress (eustress) and bad stress (distress). o Additional allowance
Here's a summary:
o Outdoor activities and
bonding experiences with
1. Commonly Cited Causes of Stress
classmates
Among Students:
o Peers
o Examinations
o Making portfolios
o Returning to study
o Poor time management
o Bullying
o Overcrowding
o Noise
o Meeting deadlines
o Difficulty organizing work
o Various tasks from each
subject
o Leaving assignments to the
last minute
o Adjusting to life as a senior
high school student
o Parents or problems at home
o Balancing between family
and school
o Difficulties with personal
relationships (e.g.,
infatuation, crushes)
2. Good Stress vs. Bad Stress:
o Eustress (good stress) is a
positive form of stress that
can motivate and excite a
person, leading to enhanced
performance and
enthusiasm.
 WAYS TO IMPROVE BRAIN FUNCTION

Exercise

- Benefits: brain health and cognition

improves memory
- Protect your brain from
degeneration.

Meditate

- Taking 10-15 min of meditation a

day could help to extend cognitive
longevity.

Sleep

- 7 to 9 hours of sleep is enough to

consolidate memory learning,

Food Intake

- Food rich in Omega-3, antioxidant,

amino acids, and vitamin e.
- Eat more vegetable, limit calorie.
And saturated fats.

Sunlight

- 15-20 min of morning sunlight an

sometime go hand in hand with
exercise.
- Too much sunlight is not healthy
- Vitamin D allow to perform better
and slow down the aging of brain.

Good Relationship

- Make time for friends

- Building support system
- Called ultimate brain booster
Don’t Smoke - Tidy up the workplace, clear
distraction.
- Can cause brain disorder called
8. Brainstorm
dementia.
- Mind map is an easy way to
- People who smoke more than 2
brainstorm thoughts organically
packs a day had twice the rate of
about order and structure.
dementia.
-
Be Creative

- Boosts one creativity like crafts,

writing poem, choreography. Are
good for enhancing Brain Functions.

Classical Music

- Calm music can improve brain

function

Drink Coffee

- Increase brain performance and

speed
- Boost intelligence, reaction your,
and reasoning.

HOW TO IMPROVE MENTAL FOCUS

1. Assesment
- Begin by assessing how strong your
mental focus is at the present
moment before you start working
2. Eliminate Distractions-
- Request to be left alone and set
aside a specific time and place, and
seek out a calm or quiet place
where you can work undisturbed.
3. Limit Focus
- All making the most of the
resources you have available.
- Stop multitasking and instead give
your full attention to one thing at a
time.
4. Live in the moment
- Hard to stay Mentally Focused when
you’re ruminating about the past,
worrying about the future.
5. Practice Mindfulness
- Practicing mindfulness can involve
learning how to meditate.
6. Take a short break.
- Shift your attention to something
unrelated to the task
- Short moment means that you’re
able to keep your mental focus
sharp and performance high.
7. Build your Mental Focus.