Chapter 8:
1. Milgram’s obedience studies best demonstrate the idea that:
a. People are inherently evil.
b. People are more obedient to authority figures than was previously thought.
c. Exposure to violence on TV and in movies has made humans less compassionate for
fellow human beings.
d. People should never listen to what their superiors tell them to do.
e. People are more influenced by normative social influence than by informational
social influence.
2. Recently you received a speeding ticket and need to face a judge in court. At your hearing,
the judge demands that you must pay a fine of $250. Reluctantly, you leave the hearing and
go directly to pay the fine. Which of the following best describes your actions in this
scenario?
a. Conformity
b. Compliance
c. Obedience
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
3. Sharif’s experiment on the autokinetic effect demonstrated that:
a. Once people make a small commitment, they are likely to make a larger commitment.
b. Unambiguous judgments produce more conformity than ambiguous judgments.
c. There are major gender differences in conformity.
d. In ambiguous situations, individual judgments are influenced by norms established
by a group.
e. All of the above.
Chapter 9:
1. Erich Fromm (1955) wrote, “Love is often nothing but a favourable exchange between two
people who get the most of what they can expect, considering their value on the personality
market.” Although a bit cynical, this description of relationships is most compatible with the
_______ theory of attraction.
a. social exchange
b. equity
c. comparison level
d. balance
2. Which of the following quotes about love most directly aligns with research findings on the
proximity effect?
a. I knew I loved you before I met you.
b. Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
c. It wasn't love at first sight exactly, it was familiarity. It was growing to love you.
d. When love is not madness, it is not love.
e. Opposites attract.
3. Which of the following best describes the term “fatal attraction” as it is used by relationship
psychologists?
a. If partners become deeply infatuated with one another when they first start dating, their
relationship is more likely to ‘fizzle out’ later on.
b. Individuals often subconsciously seek out partners who are not good for them.
c. Attributes that first attract someone to their partner, often become the traits that they dislike
the most about their partner at the time of their breakup.
d. The tendency for those with avoidant attachment styles and anxious attachment styles to form
relationships, despite their stark differences.
e. When partners argue frequently, they often report greater sexual satisfaction than couples
who argue less often.
4. Recall that through either photographic or computer technology, researchers can make a
composite (or “averaged”) face out of any number of individual faces. When people are asked to
rate the attractiveness of composite faces relative to individual faces,
a. men tend to prefer composite faces, but women tend to prefer individual faces.
b. men tend to prefer individual faces, but women tend to prefer composite faces.
c. regardless of gender, people tend to prefer composite faces.
d. regardless of gender, people tend to prefer individual faces.
e. regardless of gender, people rate composite faces and individual faces as equally
attractive.
5. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding adult attachment?
a. Individual’s early life experiences influence their attachment style in adulthood
b. Attachment styles are relatively stable across time
c. Attachment styles are rigid and fixed for life
d. Individuals may have different attachment styles for different relationships in their lives (e.g.,
one may be securely attached to a romantic partner but anxiously attached to a best friend)
e. All of the above statements are true
Chapter 10:
1. A hot new night club is opening in London and Ahmed and his group of friends are some of the
first few people in line! As the bouncer starts letting people in, Ahmed notices that some people
are skipping the line and being let in by the bouncer. Ahmed also notices that the line-skippers are
often tall, curvy, and very-well dressed attractive women. Which of the following concepts is the
bouncer most clearly demonstrating?
a. Stereotyping
b. Prejudice
c. Discrimination
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
2. Why is the colour-blind approach ineffective at reducing racial prejudice?
a. It erroneously assumes that if people don’t see race, then racism no longer exists.
b. It makes people more conscious of their racial identity.
c. It only changes people’s discriminatory behaviour, but not their prejudicial attitudes.
d. It forces people to talk about racial prejudice, a subject best left to academics to study.
e. It makes people from majority groups think they are victims of “reverse” discrimination.
3. Women in leadership positions often face a double bind. What does this refer to?
a. Women having a difficult time breaking the glass ceiling and earning the respect of their
employees.
b. Women being criticized for being too soft and emotional, yet also being criticized if they
act in forceful, agentic ways (like typical men leaders).
c. Women struggling to find the right balance between work life and home life.
d. Women being criticized by both right-wing and left-wing news organizations.
e. All of the above.
Chapter 12:
1. In order for social facilitation to occur, the minimum requirement is the:
a. presence of those with whom one is interacting.
b. concern about how others will evaluate us.
c. interdependence of actor and audience.
d. feedback from at least one other person.
e. mere presence of others.
2. Which of the following statements captures the persuasive arguments account of why group
polarization occurs? Discussing an issue in a group:
a. exposes group members to even more arguments in favor of the position that the average
group member was already inclined to take.
b. exposes group members to arguments that contradict their original positions.
c. gives each person a chance to state his or her opinion out loud, which increases his or her
commitment to that opinion.
d. increases group members’ motivation to reach a consensus.
3. Which of the following would likely be demonstrated by someone who holds little power?
a. They would be more likely to shoplift
b. They would be more likely to display inappropriate sexual behaviors in the workplace
c. They would be less able to see things from others’ perspectives and less able to
accurately judge others’ emotions
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
4. When I (Prof. Haynes) was in Grade 10, I arrived at school one day only to realize that I had
forgotten to comb my hair that morning (this was when I still had hair!) I was mortified that
everyone was going to notice my messy hair. Research on the spotlight effect would suggest
that I likely:
a. underestimated the degree to which my classmates noticed my messy hair.
b. overestimated the degree to which my classmates noticed my messy hair.
c. accurately estimated the degree to which my classmates noticed my messy hair.
d. would have made a more accurate estimate of the degree to which classmates noticed
my messy hair if I was female, rather than male
e. would have made a more accurate estimate of the degree to which classmates noticed
my messy hair if I was from a collectivistic culture, rather than an individualistic one
Chapter 13:
1. Which research findings below provide the most sound evidence that excessive heat
causes greater aggression?
a. Compared to students who took a test in a normal temperature room, test-taking
students in a 32ºC room were more likely to express hostility toward a stranger.
b. In cities all over the country, riots are more likely to occur on hot days than on cold
days.
c. Throughout the history of Major League Baseball, more batters have been hit by
pitched balls on hot days than on cool days.
d. There are fewer riots in Canadian cities than there are in American cities.
e. In Phoenix, drivers without air conditioning are more likely to honk at others than
drivers with air conditioning.
2. The Pygmies of Central Africa and the Arapesh of New Guinea live in peace and
harmony. Formerly peace-loving, the Iroquois became an aggressive Indigenous tribe in
the seventeenth century. These examples illustrate that:
a. humans will always eventually exhibit aggressive tendencies.
b. in humans, innate behavioural patterns, including aggression, are infinitely malleable and
modifiable.
c. there are strong regional differences in the endorsement of aggression as a solution to
social problems.
d. humans, lacking inhibitory mechanisms, must rely on cultural norms to curb aggression.
e. frustration often contributes to aggression in otherwise peaceable societies.
3. Elliot is driving from London to Toronto and they have been stuck in a huge traffic jam
for over two hours. As each minute passes, Elliot gets more and more frustrated. A person
in the car beside Elliot’s car starts honking their horn constantly. This makes Elliot
angrier, since honking a horn will not make the traffic move. Elliot rolls down their
window and starts yelling profanities and insults at the person honking their horn. Which
of the following best describes Elliot’s behavior?
a. Elliot is demonstrating general aggression
b. Elliot is demonstrating hostile aggression
c. Elliot is demonstrating both general and hostile aggression
d. Elliot is a sociopath
e. Unable to determine based on the information given
Chapter 14:
1. Which of the following correctly identifies and categorizes the three motives of altruism?
a. Social reward (unselfish); personal distress (selfish); empathic concern (selfish)
b. Social reward (selfish); personal distress (selfish); empathic concern (unselfish)
c. Social reward (unselfish); personal distress (unselfish); empathic concern (selfish)
d. Social reward (selfish); personal distress (selfish); benevolent concern (selfish)
e. Social reward (unselfish); personal distress (unselfish); benevolent concern (selfish)
2. According to Darley, if you require help you should a) make your need clear and b) select a
specific person to ask for help. Which of the following correctly indicates which recommendation
counters which obstacle inherent in bystander intervention?
a. Making your need clear overcomes the effect of pluralistic ignorance; selecting a specific
person overcomes diffusion of responsibility
b. Making your need clear overcomes diffusion of responsibility; selecting a specific person
overcomes the effect of pluralistic ignorance
c. Both making your need clear and selecting a specific person overcomes the effect of
pluralistic ignorance
d. Both making your need clear and selecting a specific person overcomes diffusion of
responsibility
e. None of the above
3. Which of the following is NOT a reason why the tit-for-tat strategy is effective?
a. It is cooperative and encourages mutually supportive action toward a shared goal
b. It is not exploitable
c. It is not forgiving
d. It is easy to detect
e. All of the above are reasons why the tit-for-tat strategy is effective
4. According to the evolutionary perspective, which of the following people would you be most
likely to save in a life-or-death emergency?
a. Your next-door-neighbour
b. Your co-worker
c. Your cousin
d. Your friend
e. Your sibling
Answers:
Chapter 8:
1: b; 2: c; 3: d
Chapter 9:
1: a; 2: c; 3. c; 4: c; 5: c
Chapter 10:
1: c; 2: a; 3: b
Chapter 12:
1: e; 2: a; 3: e; 4: b
Chapter 13:
1: a; 2: b; 3: c
Chapter 14
1: b; 2: a; 3: c; 4: e