Topic (1)………………………………………………
Main ideas
• Explain what is it and how placebos (2)………………………………
• Discuss some (3)……………………………… for this effect.
• Look at some (4)……………………………… and
(5)………………………………in (6)……………………………… of
illness.
1. What is (7)………………………………?
• Fake treatment
• For example (8)………………………………or
(9)……………………………… or(10)……………………………….
• Sham treatment
• It shows health improvement because of (11)………………………………or
their belief- not the real treatment.
• In the (12)……………………………… doctor often gave patients the
placebos and they said that they were (13)………………………………
2. How they are(14)………………………………currently?
• They are used in (15)……………………………… of other new treatment
and drugs
o In a (16)………………………………trial, there are 2 groups: one with
new(17)………………………………, the other one receive
(18)……………………………… such as
(19)………………………………or (20)………………………………
o In a (21)………………………………, both researchers and patients don’t
know who get the real drug and who get the placebo.
o Result: It shows that (22)……………………………… of patients show
improvement and in some other research, the effectiveness have been
showed up to (23)……………………………….
3. Why does placebo work?
• The first reason is the (24)………………………………in the health
problem. We are better even when we do nothing to cure the disease. It is all
natural.
• Other explanation is that it is (25)………………………………. If the
patients expect to improve, they improve.
o For example, the patients are affected by what the doctors tell them. So
(26)………………………………can result in improvement.
• The third reason is therapeutic. After being taken care of carefully, the
patients feel (27)……………………………, which makes them get over.
o Study of 51 patients with (28)………………………………
o Result: (29)………………………………taking
(30)………………………………feel better while
(31)………………………………taking
(32)………………………………feel better.
o These results have been repeated several times with different illnesses.
4. Conclusion
• Although many people suppose that placebos are harmless, many doctors
don’t want to use them because they think that
(33)……………………………… is dishonest.