Information Sheet: The Role of Tasks in Second Language Teaching
Definition of a Task
A task in second language (L2) teaching is a meaningful activity that requires learners to use the target language for
communication in order to achieve a specific outcome or goal. Tasks can range from simple exercises, such as completing
fill-in-the-blank sentences, to complex activities like conducting interviews or solving problems collaboratively. The key
element is that the focus is on the process of communication, rather than merely on language forms.
Benefits of Using Tasks in L2 Teaching
Incorporating tasks into L2 teaching offers several benefits:
1. Engagement: Tasks often mirror real-life scenarios, making learning more relevant and motivating for students.
2. Communication Skills: They encourage authentic communication, prompting students to use the language in context,
which helps strengthen their speaking and listening skills.
3. Critical Thinking: Tasks often require problem-solving and critical thinking, promoting cognitive development
alongside language acquisition.
4. Collaboration: Many tasks are designed for pair or group work, fostering collaboration and interpersonal skills among
learners.
Task-Based vs. Task-Supported Teaching
Task-Based Teaching (TBT) emphasises the use of tasks as the central focus of the curriculum. In this approach, language
is learned through the completion of meaningful activities, where form is secondary to function. An example might be
planning a trip in groups, where students communicate to negotiate details.
Task-Supported Teaching (TST), on the other hand, integrates tasks within a more traditional framework. Language
forms and structures are taught explicitly, but are applied through specific tasks. For instance, a grammar lesson on past
tense might be followed by a task where students share personal experiences.
Benefits and Drawbacks
Benefits of Task-Based Teaching:
- Promotes fluency and reduces anxiety around making mistakes.
- Inspires learner autonomy and boosts confidence in language use.
Drawbacks of Task-Based Teaching:
- May require more preparation and adaptable teaching strategies.
- Some students may struggle with open-ended tasks without adequate support.
Benefits of Task-Supported Teaching:
- Provides structure and clarity for learners, especially beginners.
- Combines explicit instruction and practical use, balancing theory with practice.
Drawbacks of Task-Supported Teaching:
- Can risk prioritizing language forms over meaningful communication.
- Potential to become too rigid, limiting exploration and creativity in language use.
Conclusion
Integrating tasks in L2 teaching provides a framework for effective language acquisition by enhancing engagement,
communication, and critical thinking. While both task-based and task-supported approaches offer unique advantages,
teachers should consider their students’ needs and context when selecting the best methodology. By leveraging tasks,
educators can foster a dynamic and interactive learning environment conducive to language mastery.