ELECTRONICS II
Dr. Aslı TAŞÇI
CHAPTER 5
THE BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR
Contents are created from Microelectronics Circuit Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen
In this chapter, we will:
❖Discuss the physical structure and operation of the bipolar junction transistor.
❖Understand the dc analysis and design techniques of bipolar transistor circuits.
❖Examine three basic applications of bipolar transistor circuits.
❖Investigate various dc biasing schemes of bipolar transistor circuits, including integrated circuit
biasing.
❖Consider the dc biasing of multistage or multi-transistor circuits.
Cross Section of Integrated Circuit
npn Transistor
Modes of Operation
Forward-Active
❖B-E junction is forward biased
❖B-C junction is reverse biased
Saturation
❖B-E and B-C junctions are forward biased
Cut-Off
❖B-E and B-C junctions are reverse biased
Inverse-Active (or Reverse-Active)
❖B-E junction is reverse biased
❖B-C junction is forward biased
npn BJT in Forward-Active
Electrons and Holes in npn BJT
Electrons and Holes in pnp BJT
Circuit Symbols and Current Conventions
Current Relationships
iE = iC + iB
iC = iB
iE = (1 + )iB
iC = iE
=
1−
Common-Emitter Configurations
Common-Base
Configuration
Current-Voltage
Characteristics of
a Common-Base
Circuit
Current-Voltage
Characteristics
of a Common-
Emitter Circuit
DC
Equivalent
Circuit for
npn Common
Emitter
DC Equivalent Circuit for pnp Common Emitter
Load Line
Multistage
Cascade
Transistor
Circuit
Multistage
Cascode
Transistor
Circuit