Example:
P P E 2 104 MPa
600 mm
140 mm
50 mm
20 mm gage
460 mm
A A
1m 4m 1m 300 mm
a) Calculate the bending moment and the load if the elongation measured at A
over the 50 mm gage length is 0.1 mm.
b) σmax =?
c) Curvature in the middle of the beam?
600 mm
140 mm 600 140 70 460 300 370
256.5 mm y 256.5 mm
140 600 460 300
300 4603 300 460 370 256.5
1
460 mm I
2
12
600 1403 140 600 256.5 70
1 2
12
300 mm I 7.27 10 9 mm 4
L 0.1
0.002 E I 2 10 4 0.002 7.27 10 9
L 50 M 900 kN.m
My My y 323.5
E
I I
P P
y top 256.5 mm
y bottom 343.5 mm
9 108 256.5
1m 4m 1m
max C 31.8 MPa
7.27 10 9
9 108 343.5
P max T 42.5 MPa
7.27 10 9
(V)
9 108
6.19 106 1/mm
P M
E I 2 10 7.27 10
4 9
P P
1
161 m
(M)
M P
P 900 kN
Example: Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stress due to bending.
9 kN 9 kN
45 mm
10 mm
400 mm 500 mm 30 mm 30 mm
I x 0.11 R 4
(4×R) / (3×π) = 19.09
4 45
45 2 30 10 5
2
y 2 3 15.27 mm
452 2 30 10
2
I x 0.11 454 452 19.09 15.27
2
2
15.27 mm
2
12
30 103 2 30 10 5 15.27
2
I x 749 103 mm 4
9 kN
ycomp 45 15.27 29.73 mm
(V) ytens 15.27 10 25.27 mm
3600 103 29.73
3600 [Link] C 142.8 MPa
749 103
3600 103 25.27
(M) T 121.4 MPa
749 10 3
Example: Find σB and σC . M = 2 kN.m
9 mm
B
150 mm Ew = 12 GPa 150 mm NA
M
20 mm Es = 200 GPa 20 mm
C Transform the section
150 mm E 12 150 mm
n w 0.06
Es 200
20 150 10 9 150 95
y 36.38 mm
20 150 9 150
150 20 3 150 20 26.38 9 1503 9 150 58.62
1 1
I NA
2 2
12 12
I NA 9.36 10 6 mm 4
2000103 36.38
C 7.77 MPa (T)
9.36 106
2000103 133.62
B 28.55 MPa
9.36 106
B n B 0.06 28.55 1.71 MPa (C)
28.55 1.71
0.21
3.5
7.77 7.77
Transformed section σ distribution for
stresses the composite beam
Example: Find Mmax ? EAl = 70 GPa , EBrass = 105 GPa
(σBrass)allow = 160 MPa and (σAluminum)allow = 100 MPa
Q
10 mm Brass Aluminum
R
25 mm
10 mm Aluminum Aluminum
25 mm
10 mm Brass Aluminum
10 mm 70 mm 10 mm 135 mm
Transform the section 1 1 1
I x 2 135103 13510 352 2 10 603 70 103
E 105 12 12 12
n b 1.5
Ea 70 I x 3.7 106 mm 4
Point Q ; (brass) ; allow 160 MPa ; y 40 mm
n M yA 1.5 M 40
Q 160 M 9.86 kN.m
I 3.7 106
M max 9.86 kN.m
Point R ; (aluminum) ; allow 100 MPa ; y 30 mm
M yA M 30
R 100 M 12.3 kN.m
I 3.7 106
b) If the section is bent about the vertical axis.
1
60 15 15 903 2 25 703
1
Iy
Q R
12 12
I y 4.03 10 6 mm 4
n M 45
Q 160 MPa M 9.55 kN.m
brass
4.03 10 6
90 mm
M 45
R 100 MPa M 8.95 kN.m
alu min um
4.03 10 6
M max 8.95 kN.m
15 mm 60 mm 15 mm
Example: Find normal stresses at points A, B, C, and D
P=500 kN (compression)
y
A B y
80 mm
300 z P 20 mm
z
mm
D C
240 mm
M y 500 0.080 40 kN - m
M z 500 0.020 10 kN - m
y P M yz Mz y
A 240 300 72000 mm 2
A B A Iy Iz
1
Iy 300 2403 345.6 106 mm 4
My 12
1
300 Mz Iz 240 3003 540 106 mm 4
z 12
mm
P A B C D
P - - - -
My + - - +
Mz - - + +
D C
500 103 40 106 120 10 106 150
240 mm A 4.17 MPa
72000 345.6 10 6
540 10 6
500 103 40 106 120 10 106 150
B 23.6 MPa
72000 345.6 106 540 106
500 103 40 106 120 10 106 150
C 18.1 MPa
72000 345.6 10 6
540 10 6
500 103 40 106 120 10 106 150
D 9.71 MPa
72000 345.6 10 6
540 10 6
Example: Calculate the distance e along the y-y axis from O where a compressive force
F should be applied so that the stress along the axis n-n is zero.
y
F
e centroidal
80 mm
O axis 80 120 40 60 40 110
y 54 mm
n n 80 120 60 40
60 mm 1
I xx 120 803 120 80 142
12
1
40 603 40 60 562
12
40 mm 40 mm 40 mm
I xx 15.25 106 mm 4
F F e 26
nn 0
80 120 60 40 15.25 106
e 48.9 mm