ABSTRACT

With the increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions, hybrid
energy systems that combine solar and wind power are gaining attention. This project
focuses on the design and analysis of a Solar-Wind Hybrid Tree, which integrates
Aeroleaf wind turbines and solar panels to harness both wind and solar energy. The
Aeroleaf turbine, known for its innovative design and high efficiency in low-wind
conditions, is paired with photovoltaic panels to capture solar radiation and generate
electricity.

The hybrid system is designed to optimize energy generation by utilizing

complementary resources, where solar energy is captured during the day, and wind
energy can be harnessed both day and night. The project involves the structural
integration of the Aeroleaf turbines and solar panels into a tree-like form that is compact
and aesthetically suitable for urban spaces. The analysis covers key performance metrics,
including energy output, system efficiency, and the reliability of the hybrid tree in
varying environmental conditions.

Through simulation and experimental testing, we evaluate the hybrid system's

ability to generate power in different weather conditions and compare it to traditional
energy systems. Additionally, an economic feasibility study is conducted to assess the
potential cost-effectiveness and scalability of the Solar-Wind Hybrid Tree for real-world
applications. This innovative design promises to provide a sustainable and efficient
energy solution, making it suitable for both urban and rural areas, contributing to the
global shift toward renewable energy.

This project consists of three phases; designing, fabrication, and evaluating. An

actual of gained power is reported to be 31~35% relative to the theoretical gained power
due to the instability and inefficient of the wind speed.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT i
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES v
NOTATIONS vii

1. Introduction 1
1.1 Project Defination 1
1.2 Project Objectives 2
1.3 Project Specifications 3
1.4 Project Architecture and Components 4
1.5 Applications 6

2. Literature Review 7

2.1 Project Background 7

2.2 Previous Work 10
2.3 Comparative Study for Aeroleaf Project 11
3. Project Design and Methodology 15
3.1 Requirements, Constraints and Specifications 15
3.1.1 General Specifications 15
3.1.2 Constraints and Requirements 15
3.2 Design Methodology 16
3.3 Product Subsystems and Components 18
3.3.1 Rotor Blade 19
3.3.2 Shaft 20
3.3.3 Generator 22
3.3.4 Battery 23
3.4 Implementation 24

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 3.4.1 Turbine Design and Sketch 24
3.4.2 Designing Tree Model 28
[Link] Solar Panel Design and Specification 28
[Link] Aeroleaf Wind Turbine Design and Specification 28
[Link] Manufacturing of Turbine Blades and Rod 28
3.4.3 Manufacturing of turbine blades and rod 30

3.5 Flyback inverter 31

4. System Analysis and Simulation

33
4.1 Simulation of Energy Flow and Storage 33
4.1.1 PV Array Block Diagram 33
4.1.2 Wind Turbine Block Diagram 34
4.2 Theoretical Wind Turbine Power Calculation 36
4.2.1 Total Power Generated Through Aeroleaf Turbine 36
4.2.2 Total Power Generated Through Solar Panel 37
4.2.3 Electrical Configuration 39
4.3 Discussion 40
4.3.1 Benefits of Hybrid Solar- Wind System 40
4.32 Limitation and Challenges 42

5. Conclusion and Future Recommendation

43
5.1 Conclusion 43
5.2 Future Recommendation 44
References 46

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 LIST OF TABLES

2.1 Maximum coefficient of power 11

2.2 Wind Speed calibration data 12

2.3 Rotational speed for different wind velocity 13

3.1 Electrical Parts 21

3.2 Battery details 23

4.1 Specifications of solar panel 38

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 LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Aeroleaf 3
1.2 Renogy 50 watt Solar Panel 4
1.3 Structural Prototype 5
2.1 HAWT Overview Layout 9
2.2 VAWT Overview Layout 9
2.3 Blade Dynamic Torque Coefficient for Blade Arc Angles 11
2.4 Actual Power According To Wind Velocity 13
2.6 Rotational Speed According To Wind Velocity 13
3.1 Applied Phases of used Methodology 16
3.2 Solar- Wind Hybrid System Model Design 17
3.3 Main Components of VAWT 18
3.4 Turbine Blade Design 19
3.5 Solidworks Honeycomb Design 19
3.6 Solidworks Sketch for Turbine Blade and Shaft 20
3.7 Selected Bearing 21
3.8 Generator Parts 22
3.9 Battery 23
3.10 Schematics Diagram of Wind Turbine 24
3.11 Visual Schematics Diagram 24
3.12 Turbine Solidworks Sketch Front View 25
3.13 Turbine Solidworks Sketch with Printing Time 25
3.14 Turbine Solidworks Sketch with Material Used 26
3.15 Turbine Solidworks Sketch Bearing Space 26
3.16 Turbine Solidworks Front View 27
3.17 Initial Tree design 28
3.18 Structural Design 29

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3.19 Galvanized CS Pipe 29
3.20 Branch Design on ABAQUS 30
3.21 Sketch Diagram of Structure 30
3.22 Flyback Converter 31
3.23 Generalised Control Structure of Three Phase Grid Connected Inverter 32
3.24 MPPT controller structure 32
4.1 PV Array Block Diagram 33
4.2 VI and VP characteristics of PV array 33
4.3 Wind Turbine Block Diagram 34
4.4 Power Characteristics vs Wind Speed Plot 34
4.5 Equivalent Circuit of Solar Cell 37

4.6 Solar Irradiance Ylot of Year 2024 of India 40

4.7 Estimated Energy of PV Plant 40
4.8 Solar Energy Map of India 41

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 NOTATIONS

m Mass
v Velocity
P Power in Watt
ƥ Air Density at Sea Level (=1.225 kg/m3)
A Turbine Area in m2
v Wind Velocity
Cp Power Coefficient (varies from 0.05 to 0.45)
H Aeroleaf High
w Width of Aeroleaf

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