2019-DSE

PHY B Please stick the barcode label here.

PAPER 1B

HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY

HONG KONG DIPLOMA OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 2019
Candidate Number

PHYSICS PAPER 1
SECTION B : Question-Answer Book B Question
Marks
No.
This paper must be answered in English
1 7

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION B 2 8

(1) After the announcement of the start of the 3 11

examination, you should first write your Candidate
Number in the space provided on Page 1 and stick 4 10
barcode labels in the spaces provided on Pages 1,
3, 5, 7 and 9. 5 7

(2) Refer to the general instructions on the cover of the 6 9

Question Paper for Section A.
7 7
(3) Answer ALL questions.
8 8
(4) Write your answers in the spaces provided in this
Question-Answer Book. Do not write in the margins. 9 10
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
10 7
(5) Graph paper and supplementary answer sheets will
be provided on request. Write your Candidate
Number, mark the question number box and stick a
barcode label on each sheet, and fasten them with
string INSIDE this Question-Answer Book.

(6) No extra time will be given to candidates for sticking

on the barcode labels or filling in the question
number boxes after the ‘Time is up’ announcement.

 香 港考 試 及評 核 局 保留版權
Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority
All Rights Reserved 2019 *A150E01B*

2019-DSE-PHY 1B–1 1
 Section B: Answer ALL questions. Parts marked with * involve knowledge of the extension component. Write
your answers in the spaces provided.

1. (a) An insulated container of negligible heat capacity contains 1.5 kg of tea at a temperature of 60 C.

(i) What mass of ice at 0 C should be added to the tea so that the final temperature of the mixture is
lowered to 10 C ? Assume that the specific heat capacity of tea is the same as that of water. (3 marks)
Given: specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.34  105 J kg–1
specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg–1 C–1
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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(ii) If the heat capacity of the container is not negligible, explain whether more ice, less ice or the same
amount of ice is needed to obtain the final temperature of 10 C. (2 marks)

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2019-DSE-PHY 1B–2 2
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(b) Some ice cream at 10 C is put into a ‘thermal bag’, of which the inner layer is made of polyethylene
foam coated with aluminium foil. The bag is also equipped with a zipper at the top.

The thermal bag is then brought outdoors on a hot sunny day.

(i) Referring to the heat transfer processes, explain ONE feature of this bag that helps keep the ice cream
at a low temperature. (1 mark)

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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(ii) Suggest ONE modification to this bag that would enhance its ability to keep things stored inside at a
low temperature. (1 mark)

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 *2. A weather balloon of volume 0.52 m3 is filled with helium gas of temperature 15 °C and pressure 100 kPa at
ground level.

(a) Find the amount of helium gas (in mol) in the balloon. (2 marks)

(b) The following graphs show the variation of air temperature T and atmospheric pressure p with height x
above ground level.
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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

T/K p / kPa
300 150

200 100

100 50

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
x / km x / km

The weather balloon is released and rises to the upper atmosphere. Assume that the temperature and
pressure of the helium gas in the balloon are the same as those of the air outside at any height x.

(i) A student believes that as the air temperature decreases in the first 10 km, the volume of the balloon
decreases. Referring to the graphs above, explain qualitatively why this belief is not correct. (2 marks)

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(ii) In fact the weather balloon keeps on expanding when it rises. The air temperature becomes steady at
216 K from a height of 12 km onwards. When the balloon rises further beyond 12 km and its volume
reaches 8 m3,

(1) estimate the gas pressure in the balloon; (2 marks)

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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(2) hence find the corresponding height reached by the balloon. The variation of atmospheric
pressure p with height x (in km) is given by

p = p0ekx,

where p0 is the atmospheric pressure at ground level and k = 0.138 km–1. (2 marks)

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 3. Read the following passage about life nets and answer the questions that follow.

A life net is a rescue equipment formerly used by firefighters. It gives people on the upper floors of a
burning building an opportunity to jump to safety, usually to ground level. It became obsolete due to
advances in firefighting technology.

The practical height limit for successful use of life nets is about six storeys, although a few people
once have survived jumps from an eight-storey building into a life net with various degree of injuries.
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The diagrams below explain its working principle.

rim of the life net

being held by firemen
When a person hits the net, it deforms and puts the person to a stop in a longer time as compared to
hitting the solid ground.

(a) A person falls from a height of 12 m above a life net with negligible initial speed. Neglect air resistance
and the size of the person. (g = 9.81 m s2)
(i) Estimate (1) the vertical speed v and (2) the time of fall t of the person just before hitting the life net.
(4 marks)

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(ii) If this falling person of mass 70 kg is stopped in 0.3 s by the life net, estimate the average force acting
on the person by the net within this time interval. (3 marks)

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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(iii) What form of energy is stored by the life net during the deceleration of the falling person ? (1 mark)

(b) (i) Give a reason why there exists a height limit of using life nets. (1 mark)

*(ii) The falling person might hit the rim of the net, thus the person or the firemen holding the rim would
be injured. Explain why it is not easy for a person jumping from a height to reach the life net’s
central part. (2 marks)

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 *4. (a)

O
23.1
1 m long inextensible light string
Figure 4.1
pendulum bob
of mass 30 g

A pendulum bob of mass 30 g is tied to a fixed point O by a 1 m long inextensible light string. It is
swirled to describe a horizontal circle uniformly at an angular velocity of 5.0 rad s1 as shown in
Figure 4.1. Neglect air resistance. (g = 9.81 m s2)

(i) What is the bob’s rotation rate (in revolutions per second) ? (1 mark)

(ii) Indicate on Figure 4.1 the centripetal force FC required for the motion of the bob. Find FC. (3 marks)
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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(iii) Explain whether the magnitude of the tension in the string is greater than, equal to or smaller than the
centripetal force FC found in (a)(ii). (2 marks)

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(b) The moon is orbiting around the Earth uniformly in a circular path under the influence of the Earth’s
gravitational attraction.

(i) Explain why the speed of the moon remains unchanged although it is acted upon by gravitational
force. (2 marks)
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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(ii) A student claimed that as the moon is much less massive than the Earth, it exerts negligible force on
the Earth. Comment on the student’s claim. (2 marks)

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2019-DSE-PHY 1B–9 9 Go on to the next page

 5. A ripple tank has a shallow region P and a deep region Q. Straight water wave of frequency 10 Hz is
travelling in the shallow region as shown in Figure 5.1 when viewed from above.
shallow region P deep region Q
6 cm

direction of
propagation Top view
Figure 5.1

(a) The separation between seven crests in the shallow region is found to be 6 cm as shown.

(i) Find the wavelength of the wave in the shallow region. (1 mark)
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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(ii) What is the wave speed in the shallow region ? (1 mark)

(b) The water wave then propagates into the deep region where the wavelength of the wave is double that in
the shallow region.
(i) State the frequency of the water wave in the deep region. (1 mark)

(ii) On Figure 5.1, sketch the wave pattern in the deep region. (2 marks)

(iii) Name the phenomenon occurred across the boundary and explain its cause. (2 marks)

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 6. In Figure 6.1, AB represents the virtual image of an object formed by lens L. The magnification of the image
is 0.4. The horizontal scale is 1 cm to 5 cm.
L

observer 1 cm representing 5 cm

B principal
axis
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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Figure 6.1

(a) What kind of lens is used ? Explain. (2 marks)

(b) Indicate on Figure 6.1 the position and height of the object. (2 marks)

(c) By drawing a suitable light ray, locate and mark the position of the focus, F, of the lens. Find the focal
length of the lens. (3 marks)

Focal length = ……………………….

(d) Draw a light ray emerging from the object to illustrate how the observer in the figure can see the tip A of
the image. (2 marks)

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2019-DSE-PHY 1B–11 11 Go on to the next page

 7. You are provided with a battery (of fixed e.m.f.  and internal resistance r), a variable resistor (with several
known resistance values R to be selected), a switch, a voltmeter (assumed ideal) and a few connecting wires.

+ V 

(a) With the aid of a circuit diagram, describe the procedure of an experiment to study how the terminal
voltage V delivered by the battery depends on the resistance R connected to it. State ONE precaution of
the experiment. (5 marks)

(b) Describe the variation of V with R and express V in terms of , r and R. (2 marks)

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2019-DSE-PHY 1B–13 13
 8. Figure 8.1 shows a household electrical wiring circuit. The mains cable (containing live wire L and
neutral wire N) is connected to a consumer unit via a kilowatt-hour meter M. At the consumer unit, the wires
branch out into a number of parallel circuits.

Consumer unit

M fuse K

30A 15A
To 220 V N
Earth
mains supply L

Kitchen unit
Figure 8.1

mains socket Lighting set L1

(front view)

X Y Z
Lighting set L2

(a) Indicate on Figure 8.1 how the mains socket should be connected to wires X, Y and Z. (1 mark)
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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(b) Lighting sets L1 and L2 of power ratings 300 W and 450 W respectively are connected in parallel to the
branch with fuse K.

(i) State one advantage of connecting L1 and L2 in parallel instead of in series to the branch. (1 mark)

(ii) If fuses marked 3 A, 5 A, 10 A and 13 A are available, which one is the most suitable to be fuse K ?
Explain your choice. (3 marks)

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2019-DSE-PHY 1B–14 14
 (c) The kitchen unit includes the following electrical appliances:

rating effective time of operation

at rated value per day

a refrigerator 220 V, 500 W 8 hours

an electric kettle 220 V, 2000 W 0.5 hour
an induction cooker 220 V, 3000 W 2 hours

How much should be paid per day to run these appliances if 1 kW h of electrical energy costs $0.9 ?
(3 marks)

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2019-DSE-PHY 1B–15 15
 9. A rectangular coil PQRS of 20 turns, each having an area of 0.005 m2, is placed in a uniform magnetic field B
of strength 0.3 T pointing into the paper as shown in Figure 9.1.

× × × × × × ×
uniform magnetic field B
× × × × × × ×
P Q
× × × × × × ×
Figure 9.1 × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × ×
S R
× × × × × × ×
× × × × × × ×

(a) The strength of the magnetic field decreases uniformly to zero within 0.5 s.

(i) Explain why a current would be induced in the coil. (2 marks)

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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

*(ii) Calculate the change in total magnetic flux linkage through the coil and the value of the induced
e.m.f.  in the coil. (3 marks)

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 (b) Now the coil is rotated uniformly about an axis through 180 as shown in Figures 9.2(a) and 9.2(b)
within 0.5 s.
uniform magnetic field B × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × ×
× × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
P Q S R
× × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × × × × × × × × × axis
× × × × × × × 180 × × × × × × ×
S R P Q
× × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × × × × × × × × ×

Figure 9.2(a) Figure 9.2(b)

(i) State the value of the change in total magnetic flux linkage through the coil in this case (1 mark)
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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(ii) At the moment when the coil rotated through 90, would the induced current flow in the direction
PQRS, PSRQ or is there no induced current in the coil ? (1 mark)

(c) Figure 9.3 shows a thin rectangular aluminium plate suspended by a long string. The plate is partly
inside a uniform magnetic field provided by a strong magnet.

aluminium plate × × × × ×
uniform magnetic field
Figure 9.3 × × × × ×
suddenly shifted to the right
× × × × ×
× × × × ×
× × × × ×

The magnet, which is not in contact with the plate, is suddenly shifted to the right.

(i) On Figure 9.3, draw a small circle at the location where eddy currents are induced on the
aluminium plate. Use an arrow to indicate the direction of current. (2 marks)

(ii) Describe the subsequent motion of the aluminium plate, if any. (1 mark)

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2019-DSE-PHY 1B–17 17
 10. (a) The equation below represents nuclear fission of uranium-235 (U-235).
235 1 141 92 1
92 U + 0n  56 Ba + 36 Kr + x 0 n + 200 MeV

(i) What is the value of x ? (1 mark)

(ii) State a necessary condition for chain reaction of fission to occur. (1 mark)

Scientists found evidence in Oklo, Africa that natural nuclear fission occurred two billion (2  109) years ago.
The uranium mineral ore mined from Oklo at present is found to have 0.6% concentration by mass of U-235
(see the table below), which is much lower than usual.

(b) The table gives the information of U-235 and U-238 in a sample of uranium mineral ore found in Oklo.
Given: half-life of U-235 = 7.04  108 years

2  109 years ago at present

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U-235 m0 kg 0.060 kg (i.e. 0.6% concentration by mass)
U-238 13.556 kg 9.940 kg (i.e. 99.4% concentration by mass)

*(i) Estimate the amount m0 (in kg) of U-235 in the sample 2  109 years ago. (2 marks)

(ii) Hence determine whether natural nuclear fission of U-235 was possible 2  109 years ago. For
fission of U-235 to happen, its concentration by mass in the uranium mineral ore has to be at
least 3%. (1 mark)

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 There must be underground water in the vicinity of this uranium-rich mineral deposit for natural nuclear
fission to be possible. Since water can slow down the fast neutrons from fission, these neutrons can easily be
captured by U-235.

(c) In fact the chain reaction stopped even before the concentration by mass of U-235 dropped to 3%.
Explain why this occurred. (2 marks)

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END OF PAPER

Sources of materials used in this paper will be acknowledged in the HKDSE Question Papers booklet published by
the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority at a later stage.

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