FH1 – Research Exercise: Types of Software
1. 1. What is firmware and why is it necessary? How does it relate to software and
hardware? Give an example.
Firmware is a type of software that is embedded directly into hardware components to
control their functions. It acts as a bridge between hardware and higher-level software,
ensuring hardware operates correctly. For example, the firmware in a computer's BIOS
initializes hardware during the booting process.
2. 2. What is system software and why is it necessary? Provide examples of system
software.
System software is essential for managing and operating hardware resources and provides
a platform for other software to run. Examples include operating systems like Windows,
Linux, and macOS, and utilities like disk management tools.
3. 3. Operating systems (O/S) are essential pieces of software on a computer system. What
is the purpose of an O/S? Distinguish the key features of the following types of O/S and
give an example of where each would be used:
- Real-time O/S: Processes data immediately as it arrives, used in systems like air traffic
control.
- Embedded System: Built into devices for specific tasks, like firmware in a microwave oven.
- Multi-Tasking O/S: Allows multiple programs to run simultaneously, such as Windows.
- Multi-User O/S: Enables multiple users to access a system simultaneously, like UNIX.
- Distributed O/S: Manages a group of computers working together, used in cloud
computing systems.
4. 4. What is meant by the term Application Software? Give an example.
Application software is designed for end-users to perform specific tasks, such as word
processing or browsing. Examples include Microsoft Word and Google Chrome.
5. 5. Draw a diagram showing how hardware, software, application software, firmware,
and system software are related.
Hardware forms the base layer, with firmware controlling hardware. System software
interacts with hardware through firmware, and application software runs on system
software to serve user needs. [Include diagram in the PowerPoint slides].
6. 6. Which category would you put the following into:
- BIOS: Firmware
- Device Driver: System Software
- Windows 11: System Software
- Linux: System Software
- Raspberry Pi: Embedded System
- Python: Application Software
7. 7. Three categories of software are: general-purpose software, program translators, and
utility software. Software in which category is responsible for reorganizing files on a
hard disk and encrypting data on storage devices?
Utility software is responsible for tasks like reorganizing files on a hard disk and encrypting
data on storage devices.