Heather Brouwer

CEE 5470 - Homework 7

10/28/23

Given:

Moment frame locations as shown in the plan below. Dimensions and story heights as per
provided drawings.
Lateral forces from ELF in the E-W direction are: F2 ≔ 124 kip , F3 ≔ 267 kip ,
F4 ≔ 429 kip , F5 ≔ 470 kip , and FPHroof ≔ 201 kip . These forces include the redundancy
factor as applicable.
From a ridge diaphragm analysis, the force in the most heavily loaded moment frame is 0.36Fi for
the typical floor. At the penthouse roof, the lateral force to this moment frame is 0.50Fi.
The vertical loading for the moment frame beams is wD ≔ 3.2 klf (includes self weight) and
wL ≔ 4.6 klf . Assume this is the same for the beams at every level including the roof.

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1. Design and detail the beam identified on the previous page.

a. Calculate the moments, shear and axial force in the beam using the appropriate load combinations.
A MASTAN model is provided on Canvas for LC6 and LC7. For each of the load combinations,
show a figure of the beam with labels that give moment, shear, and axial force at the member ends.
Identify the location and magnitude of maximum positive moment if it is not at the member ends. It
is ok to assume that the moment diagram reverses when the lateral load direction reverses.

Beam under consideration is E14 in the MASTAN model. E14 has a length of L ≔ 224 in .

Load Combination 6 (loads applied to the right):

NLC6 ≔ 4.028 kip MLC6.l ≔ 3017 kip ⋅ in

VLC6.l ≔ -31.13 kip MLC6.r ≔ -9353 kip ⋅ in

VLC6.r ≔ 141.6 kip [Link] ≔ 3645 kip ⋅ in

[Link] ≔ 0.18 ⋅ L = 3.36 ft from the left

FBD:

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Load Combination 7 (load is applied to the right):

NLC7 ≔ -4.822 kip MLC7.l ≔ 5485 kip ⋅ in

VLC7.l ≔ 35.52 kip MLC7.r ≔ -6811 kip ⋅ in

VLC7.r ≔ 74.27 kip Max moments at the ends.

FBD:

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b. Design the longitudinal steel for this beam.

i. Determine the number and size of bars to use for positive and negative reinforcement in the
beam.
ii. Prove conformance with the typical requirements of ACI Chapter 21/22, and also the
requirements of Section [Link].
iii. Include the effective slab width per section [Link].
iv. Show that beam strength conforms to section [Link]
v. See 3.b. below. This may limit the size of longitudinal reinforcement.

Load case 6 governs negative moment bending:

[Link] ≔ MLC6.r = -9353 kip ⋅ in

System Dimensions and Properties:

bw ≔ 24 in Beam web width

h ≔ 36 in Beam height

hslab ≔ 6 in Slab depth

c ≔ 26 in Column side dimension. Increased from

provided to accommodate sufficient steel area.

sw1 ≔ 31 ft - bw = 29 ft Clear distance to column line C

sw2 ≔ 14 ft - bw = 12 ft Clear distance to column line E

ln ≔ 20 ft + 8 in - c = 18.5 ft Clear distance between columns

fc' ≔ 4000 psi Concrete strength

εcu ≔ 0.003 Concrete crushing strain

β1 ≔ 0.85 ACI [Link].3

Check minimum amount of steel assuming grade 60 and 2.5" cover to the center of the bar:

fy ≔ 60 ksi Steel yield strength

Es ≔ 29000 ksi Steel elastic modulus

dcover ≔ 2.5 in Satisfies ACI [Link].1 cover requirements for

beams and columns and assumes No. 4 tie and
No. 8 bar.

d ≔ h - dcover = 33.5 in Depth of bottom steel from top face.

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d' ≔ dcover = 2.5 in Depth of top steel from top face.

200 psi
[Link] ≔ ――― ⋅ bw ⋅ d = 2.68 in 2 ACI [Link] minimum required steel.
fy Note equation b governs.

Try 7 #8 top bars

A8 ≔ 0.79 in 2 ACI Appendix B area of No. 8 bar

db ≔ 1.00 in ACI Appx. B diameter of No. 8 bar

As' ≔ 7 ⋅ A8 = 5.53 in 2 Area of top steel

As' ≥ [Link] = 1 Area of top steel satisfies minimum area

Check the maximum reinforcement area:

[Link] ≔ 0.025 ⋅ bw ⋅ d = 20.1 in 2 ACI [Link]

As' ≤ [Link] = 1 Area of top steel satisfies maximum area.

Calculate the nominal moment strength with the selected steel for negative bending.
Conservatively assume that load carried by bottom steel is negligible throughout calculations:

As' ⋅ fy
aneg ≔ ――――= 4.066 in Compression block depth
0.85 ⋅ fc' ⋅ bw

aneg
cneg ≔ ―― = 4.784 in Neutral axis depth
β1

⎛ aneg ⎞
[Link] ≔ As' ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―― ⎟ = 10440.721 kip ⋅ in Nominal negative moment
⎝ 2 ⎠ flexural strength.

Check tension controlled behavior:

εcu
ε[Link] ≔ ―― ⎛⎝d - cneg⎞⎠ = 0.018 Strain in steel
cneg

ε[Link] ≥ 0.005 = 1 ACI 21.2.2. Section is tension controlled

ϕb ≔ 0.9 ACI 21.2.2

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Check beam capacity against demand:

ϕb ⋅ [Link] ≥ ||[Link]|| = 1 Section has sufficient negative moment capacity.

||[Link]||
[Link] ≔ ―――― = 0.995 Demand to capacity ratio of section. Section is not
ϕb ⋅ [Link] over designed.

Load case 7 governs positive moment bending:

[Link] ≔ MLC7.l = 5485 kip ⋅ in Max load occurs at beam end.

Calculate the effective beam width:

⎛ sw1 sw2 ln ⎞
beff ≔ bw + min ⎜8 ⋅ h , ―― , ――, ―⎟ = 51.75 in ACI [Link]
⎝ 2 2 8⎠
Try 4 # 8 bars in the bottom

As ≔ 4 ⋅ A8 = 3.16 in 2 Area of bottom steel

As ≥ [Link] = 1 Area of bottom steel satisfies [Link]

Calculate the nominal positive flexural capacity assuming compression steel is not within the
compression block:

As ⋅ f y
apos ≔ ――――― = 1.078 in Whitney stress block depth.
0.85 ⋅ fc' ⋅ beff

apos
cpos ≔ ―― = 1.268 in Neutral axis depth. Assumption of
β1 participation of compression steel is valid
because it is below the neutral axis.
⎛ apos ⎞
[Link] ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―― ⎟ = 6249.446 kip ⋅ in Nominal positive moment bending
⎝ 2 ⎠ strength

Check tension controlled behavior:

εcu
ε[Link] ≔ ―― ⎛⎝d - cpos⎞⎠ = 0.076 Strain in bottom layer of reinforcement
cpos

ε[Link] ≥ 0.005 = 1 ACI 21.2.2. Section is tension

controlled.

ϕb = 0.9 Tension controlled flexural strength

reduction factor.

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Check beam capacity against demand:

ϕb ⋅ [Link] ≥ [Link] = 1 Section has sufficient positive bending

capacity.
[Link]
[Link] ≔ ―――― = 0.975 Demand to capacity ratio for positive
ϕb ⋅ [Link] bending. Section is not over designed.

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Check the positive moment strength relative to the negative moment strength:

1
[Link] ≥ ―⋅ [Link] = 1
2

Check the minimum moment strength (positive moment at the ends) relative to the maximum
moment strength (negative moment at the ends) assuming both ends are designed the same.

1
[Link] ≥ ―⋅ [Link] = 1 ACI [Link] is satisfied
4

c. Determine the configuration, bar size, and spacing for the seismic hoops for this beam.
i. Draw the beam elevation and label all the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement spacing.

⎛d ⎞
shinge ≔ min ⎜―, 6 in , 6 ⋅ db⎟ = 6 in ACI [Link] hoop spacing within 2h of
⎝4 ⎠ column joint

d
[Link] ≔ ―= 16.75 in ACI [Link] maximum stirrup spacing away
2 from joints and splices.

st ≔ 12 in Selected stirrup spacing away from joints and

splices.

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ii. Draw cross-sections of the beam at the plastic hinge and away from the plastic hinge. Label
the bar sizes (longitudinal and transverse).

No skin reinforcement needed because h = 36 in (ACI [Link]).

Cross-section near joints and laps:

Cross-section away from joints and laps:

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iii. Prove that your design conforms to all the requirements of section 18.6.4.

Shear satisfied by following design.

Compressive force threshold is not exceeded (ACI [Link]) as shown below. All other
sections previously satisfied.

bw ⋅ h ⋅ fc'
Pcr ≔ ―――= 345.6 kip Critical axial stress.
10

NLC6 ≤ Pcr = 1 Neither load case exceeds the critical axial

stress.
NLC7 ≤ Pcr = 1

d. Check beam shear for this beam.

i. Clearly calculate Mpr and Vu. Probable moment strength is based on 1.25 times the yield
strength per ACI R18.6.5.
ii. Calculate shear capacity. Prove whether you have to use Vc = 0 or not.
iii. Check whether shear demand is less than shear capacity. If it is not, redesign the transverse
reinforcement.

Negative moment probable flexural strength:

SDS ≔ 1.26 Per HW 5 risk category III

wu ≔ ⎛⎝1.2 + 0.2 ⋅ SDS⎞⎠ ⋅ wD + 1.0 ⋅ wL = 9.246 klf This level has no snow load.

1.25 ⋅ fy ⋅ As'
[Link] ≔ ――――= 5.083 in Compression block depth for negative flexure
0.85 ⋅ fc' ⋅ bw assuming large joint rotations (ACI R18.6.5).

⎛ [Link] ⎞
[Link] ≔ 1.25 ⋅ fy ⋅ As' ⋅ ⎜d - ――⎟ = 12840.096 kip ⋅ in
⎝ 2 ⎠

Positive moment probable bending strength:

1.25 ⋅ fy ⋅ As
[Link] ≔ ――――― = 1.347 in Compression block depth for positive flexure
0.85 ⋅ fc' ⋅ beff assuming large joint rotations (ACI R18.6.5).
⎛ [Link] ⎞
[Link] ≔ 1.25 ⋅ fy ⋅ As ⋅ ⎜d - ――⎟ = 7779.884 kip ⋅ in
⎝ 2 ⎠

Calculate shear demands:

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Vgravity ≔ wu ⋅ ln = 171.058 kip Shear due to gravity loads

[Link] + [Link] Vgravity

Ve1 ≔ ――――― + ――― = 178.412 kip Shear demand due to
ln 2 earthquake and gravity loads.
[Link] + [Link] Vgravity
Ve2 ≔ ――――― - ――― = 7.354 kip
ln 2

Ve ≔ max ⎛⎝Ve1 , Ve2⎞⎠ = 178.412 kip Governing shear demand

ϕv ≔ 0.75 ACI 21.2.1. Shear strength

reduction factor

[Link] + [Link]
[Link] ≔ ――――― = 92.883 kip Earthquake shear demand:
ln

Check applicable concrete strength ([Link]):

Ve
[Link] ≥ ― = 1 ACI [Link] condition a is satisfied
2

bw ⋅ d ⋅ fc'
NLC6 ≤ ―――= 1
20
ACI [Link] condition b is satisfied by
bw ⋅ d ⋅ fc'
NLC7 ≤ ―――= 1 both load cases
20

Vc ≔ 0 Assumed concrete contribution to shear strength.

Use 4 # 4 at 6" spacing near the joint with the column as per previous drawing.

A4 ≔ 0.20 in 2 ACI Appx. B: Area of No. 4 bar

Av ≔ 4 ⋅ A4 = 0.8 in 2 Area of shear reinforcement

shinge = 6 in Spacing of hoops near joint

Av ⋅ f y ⋅ d
[Link] ≔ ―――= 268 kip ACI [Link].3: Nominal strength of steel
shinge near joint.

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[Link] ≔ [Link] + Vc = 268 kip ACI [Link]: Nominal shear strength of

section near joint.

Check shear capacity near joint:

ϕv ⋅ [Link] ≥ Ve = 1 Shear strength near plastic hinge is sufficient.

Use 4 # 4 at 12" between plastic hinges and splices.

st = 12 in Spacing of stirrups between hinges and splices

Av ⋅ f y ⋅ d
Vs ≔ ―――= 134 kip ACI [Link].3: Nominal strength of steel
st away from joint.

Vn ≔ Vs + Vc = 134 kip ACI [Link]: Nominal shear strength of

section away from joint.

Calculate the shear load at the end of the plastic hinge region:

⎛2⎞
Ve.2h ≔ Ve - Vgravity ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ⋅ 2 h = 67.455 kip
⎝ ln ⎠

Check section shear capacity:

ϕv ⋅ Vn ≥ Ve.2h = 1 Section has sufficient shear capacity away

from joint.

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2. Design and detail the column identified in the drawing.

a. Use the strong column-weak beam check to calculate moment demand. Recalculate the probable
negative moment capacity to include slab reinforcement.

clear ⎛⎝[Link] , [Link]⎞⎠

sslab ≔ 12 in Spacing of slab reinforcement

beff - bw
―――= 2.313
sslab

ns ≔ 2 Number of spacings within the effective

width.

Aslab ≔ ns ⋅ ⎛⎝2 ⋅ A4⎞⎠ = 0.8 in 2 Area of slab steel

[Link] ≔ 0.75 in [Link].1. Cover of slab reinforcement

dslab ≔ [Link] + 0.125 in = 0.875 in Depth of slab steel

1.25 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎛⎝As' + Aslab⎞⎠

[Link] ≔ ――――――― = 5.818 in Compression depth for negative bending
0.85 ⋅ fc' ⋅ bw moment

⎛ ⎛ [Link] ⎞ ⎛ [Link] ⎞⎞
[Link] ≔ 1.25 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜As' ⋅ ⎜d - ――⎟ + Aslab ⋅ ⎜dslab - ――⎟⎟ = 12565.574 kip ⋅ in
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠

ΣMnb ≔ [Link] + [Link] = 20345.457 kip ⋅ in ACI [Link] nominal beam capacity

1 ⎛6 ⎞
Mnc ≔ ―⎜―⋅ ΣMnb⎟ = 1017.273 kip ⋅ ft Required nominal column
2 ⎝5 ⎠ flexural strength

b. Determine the number and size of longitudinal bars to use in the column.

lc ≔ 16 ft Center-to-center height of column

lu ≔ lc - h = 156 in Clear height of column

Ag ≔ c 2 = 676 in 2 Gross area of column

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lu 1
[Link] ≔ ―⋅ ―― = 62.4 in [Link]. Maximum development
2 1.25 length of longitudinal bars

Maximum diameter of bars based on maximum development length ([Link]):

⎛ ‾‾‾‾
fc' ⎞
⎜ 50 ⋅ ―― psi ⎟
⎜ psi 1 ⎟
dmax ≔ [Link] ⋅ min ⎜――――― , ―――――― ⎟ = 4.385 in
fy ⋅ 0.75 fy
⎜ 0.0003 ⋅ ―― ⋅ 0.75 ⎟
⎜⎝ psi ⎟⎠

Axial force demand for each load case:

Load case 6: Load Case 7:

Pu.LC6 ≔ 678.9 kip Compression Pu.LC7 ≔ 147.1 kip Compression

Pu ≔ max ⎛⎝Pu.LC6 , Pu.LC7⎞⎠ = 678.9 kip

Estimate the reinforcement ratio required to resist the combined moment and axial force:

Pu
― = 1.004 ksi Axial stress
Ag

Mnc
――= 0.695 ksi Bending stress
Ag ⋅ c

c - 2 ⋅ dcover
γ ≔ ―――― = 0.808 Fraction of column dimension in bending between
c reinforcement layers.

ρg ≔ 0.05 Picked from Wight Fig. A-9c

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ρg ⋅ Ag = 33.8 in 2 Required area of reinforcement for this ratio

Try 24 #10 bars:

A10 ≔ 1.27 in 2 ACI Appx. B: Area of No. 10 bars

db.o ≔ 1.25 in ACI Appx. B: Diameter of No. 10 bars

Ast ≔ 24 ⋅ A10 = 30.48 in 2 Gross area of column steel

Ast ≥ 0.01 ⋅ Ag = 1
Selected steel satisfies minimum and maximum
Ast ≤ 0.06 ⋅ Ag = 1 longitudinal steel area requirements ([Link])

Calculate the column interaction diagram and compare to applied loads:

Applied load point is within interaction diagram, therefore design is sufficient for flexure and
axial.

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c. Draw an elevation view and a cross-section view of the column labeling all bar sizes, seismic
hoop spacing, and dimensions.

Calculate the minimum spacing of ties near the joint:

⎛ lu ⎞
lo ≔ max ⎜c , ―, 18 in⎟ = 26 in ACI [Link]
⎝ 6 ⎠

c - 2 ⋅ dcover
hx ≔ ―――― = 10.5 in Maximum center to center distance between
2 longitudinal bars

⎛c ⎛ 14 in - hx ⎞ ⎞
[Link] ≔ min ⎜―, 6 ⋅ db.o , 4 in + ⎜―――― ⎟ , 6 in⎟ = 5.167 in ACI [Link]
⎝4 ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎠

so ≔ 4 in

Use tie spacing of 4 in at the joint, centered on the beam.

[Link] ≔ min ⎛⎝6 in , 6 ⋅ db , 48 ⋅ 0.5 in , c⎞⎠ = 6 in [Link] Maximum spacing of ties beyond
the joint region. Use maximum.

Calculate lateral bar clear spacing minimum (25.2.3):

⎛ 11 ⎞
[Link] ≔ max ⎜1.5 in , 1.5 ⋅ ― in⎟ = 2.063 in
⎝ 8 ⎠

⎛ 11 ⎞
c - ⎜2 ⋅ ((1.5 in + 0.5 in)) + ― in⎟
⎝ 8 ⎠ 11
[Link] ≔ ―――――――――― - ― in = 2.063 in
6 8

[Link] ≥ [Link] = 1 Sufficient spacing between longitudinal bars

Calculate the minimum hoop area ([Link]):

fyt ≔ 60 ksi Yield strength of transverse steel

bc ≔ c - 3 in - 1 in Center-to-center width of tie

⎛ [Link] 2 ⎞
⎛ ⎞ 2
Ach ≔ ⎝bc⎠ - 2 ⎜2 ――― ⎟ = 481.164 in 2 Area of effectively confined
⎝ 6 ⎠ core

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⎛ ⎛ Ag ⎞ fc' fc' ⎞
ρ[Link] ≔ max ⎜0.3 ⎜―― - 1⎟ ⋅ ― , 0.09 ⋅ ―⎟ = 0.008 ACI [Link]
⎝ ⎝ Ach ⎠ fyt fyt ⎠

[Link] ≔ ρ[Link] ⋅ bc ⋅ so = 0.713 in 2 Minimum area of ties

Pu > 0.3 ⋅ Ag ⋅ fc' = 0 [Link] (f) Every bar does not need to be laterally
supported

Atie ≔ 0.2 in 2 [Link] Requires No. 4 ties

[Link]
[Link] ≔ ――― = 3.563 Provide 4 tires in each direction
Atie

Cross-section:

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Elevation:

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e. Check column shear.

Calculate shear demand on column ([Link])

Clear height of columns is the same for the column above the column of interest. Beams have same
modulus and moment of inertia.

[Link] ≔ lu = 13 ft

⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜ ― ⎟
lu
[Link] ≔ ΣMnb ⋅ ⎜――――⎟ = 847.727 kip ⋅ ft
⎜ 1 1 ⎟
⎜ ――― + ―⎟
⎝ [Link] lu ⎠

Column below frames into slab on grade. Assume fixed at bottom and story height begins at top of
slab.

h
[Link] ≔ 16 ft - ―= 14.5 ft
2

⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜ ― ⎟
⎜ lu ⎟ = 893.967 kip ⋅ ft
[Link] ≔ ΣMnb ⋅ ――――
⎜ 1 1 ⎟
⎜ ――― + ―⎟
⎝ [Link] lu ⎠

Calculate the shear demand on columns:

⎛⎝[Link] + [Link]⎞⎠
Vec ≔ ―――――― = 133.976 kip ACI 18.6.5
lu

NOTE: demand from structural analysis is 74.92 kips. Therefore, earthquake induced shear governs
shear demand

Calculate concrete contribution to shear strength:

Ag ⋅ fc'
Pu.LC7 < ――― =0 [Link].1. Therefore concrete does contribute to column
20 shear strength

Calculate minimum shear reinforcement ([Link]):

⎛ ‾‾‾‾
fc' bw ⋅ so 50 psi ⋅ bw ⋅ so ⎞
[Link] ≔ max ⎜0.75 ⋅ ―― ⋅ psi ⋅ ――, ――――― ⎟ = 0.08 in 2
⎜⎝ psi f yt fyt ⎟⎠

[Link] ≔ 4 ⋅ Atie = 0.8 in 2

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[Link] ≥ [Link] = 1 Sufficient shear steel for column

λ ≔ 1.0 ACI [Link]

⎛ ‾‾‾‾
fc' Pu.LC7 ⎞
[Link] ≔ ⎜2 ⋅ λ ⋅ ―― ⋅ psi + ――― ⎟ ⋅ bw ⋅ d = 130.858 kip ACI [Link]
⎜⎝ psi 6 ⋅ Ag ⎟⎠

dcol ≔ c - 1.5 in + 0.25 in = 24.75 in Depth to compression face. Symmetric all

sides.

[Link] ⋅ fyt ⋅ dcol

[Link] ≔ ――――― = 297 kip ACI [Link].3: Nominal shear steel capacity
so near joint

[Link] ≔ [Link] + [Link] = 427.858 kip ACI 22.5.1: Nominal shear capacity near
joint

ϕv ⋅ [Link] ≥ Ve = 1 Shear design is sufficient. Both directions are

the same design.

Calculate shear capacity away from joint region:

[Link] ⋅ fyt ⋅ dcol

[Link] ≔ ――――― = 198 kip ACI [Link].3: Nominal shear steel capacity
[Link] away from joint

[Link] ≔ [Link] + [Link] = 328.858 kip ACI 22.5.1: Nominal shear capacity away
from joint

ϕv ⋅ [Link] ≥ Ve = 1 Shear design is sufficient away from joint.

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3. Check joint shear and joint detailing for the joint identified in the drawing.
a. Check joint shear

ϕj ≔ 0.85 ACI [Link]

dj ≔ c = 26 in Joint depth per ACI [Link]

c - bw
x ≔ ――= 1 in ACI [Link]: Perpendicular distance from
2 longitudinal axis of the beam to the nearest
side face of the column

bj ≔ min ((h + c , h + 2 ⋅ x)) = 3.167 ft Joint width per ACI [Link]

Aj ≔ bj ⋅ dj = 988 in 2 Area of joint per ACI [Link]

Assume column reinforcement meets 15.2.6(b) and beam reinforcement meets 15.2.7(b). Assume
all beams are the same width.

3
bw ≥ ―c = 1
4

Therefore, ACI 15.2.6, 15.2.7, and 15.2.8 are all satisfied, and the following nominal joint shear
case applies for beams on all four sides:

‾‾‾‾
fc'
[Link] ≔ 20 ⋅ λ ⋅ ―― ⋅ psi ⋅ Aj = 1249.732 kip
psi

Calculate column joint shear demand assuming beams on either side of the joint have the same
design:

⎛ c⎞
⎜[Link] + [Link] + ⎛⎝Ve1 + Ve2⎞⎠ ⋅ ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
Vcol ≔ ――――――――――― = 118.544 kip
lc

Tpr ≔ 1.25 ⋅ fy ⋅ As' = 414.75 kip

Cpr ≔ 1.25 ⋅ fy ⋅ As = 237 kip

[Link] ≔ Tpr + Cpr - Vcol = 533.206 kip

Check joint capacity:

ϕj ⋅ [Link] ≥ [Link] = 1 Joint shear capacity is sufficient

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Prove that the column width is wide enough to develop the beam longitudinal reinforcement

fy ⋅ db
ldh ≔ ―――――― = 14.595 in ACI [Link]: development
‾‾‾‾
fc' length of hooked bars in tension
65 ⋅ λ ⋅ ―― ⋅ psi
psi

ld ≔ 2.5 ⋅ ldh = 36.488 in ACI [Link]: Development

length of straight bars.

ψr ≔ 0.75 ACI [Link]: For ties spaced 4 in on center

⎛ fy ⋅ ψr 0.0003 ⎞
ldc ≔ max ⎜8 in , ―――――― ⋅ db , ――― fy ⋅ ψr ⋅ db⎟ = 14.23 in
⎜ ‾‾‾‾
fc' psi ⎟
⎜ 50 ⋅ λ ⋅ ―― ⋅ psi ⎟
⎝ psi ⎠

Bars must have hooked ends to achieve development within the 24" of joint available.
Compression development length is sufficient.

⎛ 20 h⎞
hjoint ≔ max ⎜― ⋅ db , ―⎟ = 20 in ACI [Link]
⎝ λ 2⎠

Assuming 2" of clear cover between the end of the long bar and the face of the column, the
length of the joint within the column is 24 in. Therefore, the minimum joint length is met by the
longitudinal steel design.

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