MODULE 3 | REFERENCE LIST

This is the full reference list for all references cited within Module 3 –
Principles of Nutritional Support & Advanced Nutritional Theory

Lecture 3.1 – Hormonal & Biochemical Effects of Dietary Protein

Elango et al. (2008) Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation: Concept and
Application. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Laplante & Sabatini (2009) mTOR signaling at a glance. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Deutz & Wolfe (2013) Is there a maximal anabolic response to protein
intake with a meal? [PubMed] [Download Text]
Kim et al. (2016) The anabolic response to a meal containing different
amounts of protein is not limited by the maximal stimulation of protein
synthesis in healthy young adults. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Gjevestad et al. (2019) Increased protein intake affects pro-
opiomelanocortin (POMC) processing, immune function and IGF signaling
in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of home-dwelling old subjects using
a genome-wide gene expression approach. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Houston et al. (2008) Dietary protein intake is associated with lean mass
change in older, community-dwelling adults: the Health, Aging, and Body
Composition (Health ABC) Study. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Mitchell et al. (2017) Impact of dairy protein during limb immobilization
and recovery on muscle size and protein synthesis; a randomized
controlled trial. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Johnstone. (2017) Dietary protein as a functional food [Download Slides]
Thorning et al. (2016) Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human
health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Mozaffarian et al. (2010) Effects on Coronary Heart Disease of Increasing
Polyunsaturated Fat in Place of Saturated Fat: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Warensjö et al. (2009) Biomarkers of milk fat and the risk of myocardial
infarction in men and women: a prospective, matched case-control study.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Elwood et al. (2004) Milk drinking, ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic
stroke II. Evidence from cohort studies. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Bonthius et al. (2010) Dairy consumption and patterns of mortality of
Australian adults. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Bordoni et al. (2017) Dairy products and inflammation: A review of the
clinical evidence. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Pan et al. (2012) Red meat consumption and mortality: results from 2
prospective cohort studies. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Banks et al. (2015) Tobacco smoking and all-cause mortality in a large
Australian cohort study: findings from a mature epidemic with current low
smoking prevalence. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Pesch et al. (2012) Cigarette smoking and lung cancer—relative risk
estimates for the major histological types from a pooled analysis of case–
control studies. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Micha et al. (2010) Saturated Fat and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors,
Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Diabetes: a Fresh Look at the
Evidence. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Blom et al. (2006) Effect of a high-protein breakfast on the postprandial
ghrelin response. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Baer et al. (2011) Whey Protein but Not Soy Protein Supplementation
Alters Body Weight and Composition in Free-Living Overweight and
Obese Adults. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Lejeun et al. (2006) Ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations, 24-
h satiety, and energy and substrate metabolism during a high-protein diet
and measured in a respiration chamber. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Weigle et al. (2005) A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in
appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory
changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
MacKenzie-Shalders et al. (2015) - The effect of a whey protein supplement
dose on satiety and food intake in resistance training athletes. [PubMed]
Wycherley et al. (2012) Effects of energy-restricted high-protein, low-fat
compared with standard-protein, low-fat diets: a meta-analysis of
randomized controlled trials. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Dong et al. (2013) Effects of high-protein diets on body weight, glycaemic
control, blood lipids and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis
of randomised controlled trials. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Santesso et al. (2012) Effects of higher- versus lower-protein diets on health
outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Huovinen et al. (2015) Body composition and power performance
improved after weight reduction in male athletes without hampering
hormonal balance. [PubMed]
Longland et al. (2016) Higher compared with lower dietary protein during
an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater lean
mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Galbreath et al. (2018) Effects of Adherence to a Higher Protein Diet on
Weight Loss, Markers of Health, and Functional Capacity in Older Women
Participating in a Resistance-Based Exercise Program. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Verreijen et al. (2015) A high whey protein-, leucine-, and vitamin D-
enriched supplement preserves muscle mass during intentional weight loss
in obese older adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Pasiakos et al. (2013) Effects of high-protein diets on fat-free mass and
muscle protein synthesis following weight loss: a randomized controlled
trial. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Hawley et al. (2011) Nutritional modulation of training-induced skeletal
muscle adaptations. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Burd et al. (2009) Differences in postprandial protein handling after beef
compared with milk ingestion during postexercise recovery: a randomized
controlled trial. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Hartman et al. (2007) Consumption of fat-free fluid milk after resistance
exercise promotes greater lean mass accretion than does consumption of
soy or carbohydrate in young, novice, male weightlifters. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Lynch et al. (2020) No Significant Differences in Muscle Growth and
Strength Development When Consuming Soy and Whey Protein
Supplements Matched for Leucine Following a 12 Week Resistance
Training Program in Men and Women: A Randomized Trial. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Tang et al. (2009) Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein
isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following
resistance exercise in young men. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Boirie et al. (1997) Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate
postprandial protein accretion. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Res et al. (2012) Protein ingestion before sleep improves postexercise
overnight recovery. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Trommelen et al. (2018) Presleep dietary protein-derived amino acids are
incorporated in myofibrillar protein during postexercise overnight
recovery. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Trommelen & van Loon (2016) Pre-Sleep Protein Ingestion to Improve the
Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to Exercise Training. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Gorissen et al. (2018) Protein content and amino acid composition of
commercially available plant-based protein isolates. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Joy et al. (2013) The effects of 8 weeks of whey or rice protein
supplementation on body composition and exercise performance.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Monteyne et al. (2020) Mycoprotein ingestion stimulates protein synthesis
rates to a greater extent than milk protein in rested and exercised skeletal
muscle of healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
van Erp-Bart (1989) Nationwide survey on nutritional habits in elite
athletes. Part II. Mineral and vitamin intake. [PubMed]
Gontzea et al. (1962) Influence of adaptation of effort on nitrogen balance in
man. [Research Gate]
Houltham & Rowlands (2013) A snapshot of nitrogen balance in
endurance-trained women. [PubMed]
Lecture 3.2 – Hormonal & Biochemical Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate
Evans et al. (1999) Effects of an oral and intravenous fat load on
adipose tissue and forearm lipid metabolism. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Leitch & Jones (1991) Measurement of triglyceride synthesis in
humans using deuterium oxide and isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
[PubMed]
Acheson et al. (1988) Glycogen storage capacity and de novo
lipogenesis during massive carbohydrate overfeeding in man.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Schutz et al. (2004) Concept of fat balance in human obesity revisited with
particular reference to de novo lipogenesis. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Benton (2010) The plausibility of sugar addiction and its role in obesity and
eating disorders. [PubMed]
Striegel-Moore et al. (2006) Correlates of beverage intake in adolescent
girls: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health
Study. [PubMed]
Holt et al. (1999) The effects of high-carbohydrate vs high-fat breakfasts on
feelings of fullness and alertness, and subsequent food intake. [PubMed]
Holt et al. (1996) Interrelationships among postprandial satiety, glucose
and insulin responses and changes in subsequent food intake. [PubMed]
Flint et al. (2007) Increased satiety after intake of a chocolate milk drink
compared with a carbonated beverage, but no difference in subsequent ad
libitum lunch intake. [PubMed]
Pal & Ellis (2010) The acute effects of four protein meals on insulin, glucose,
appetite and energy intake in lean men. [PubMed]
Jensen et al. (1989) Influence of body fat distribution on free fatty acid
metabolism in obesity. [PubMed]
Evans et al. (1999) Effects of an oral and intravenous fat load on adipose
tissue and forearm lipid metabolism. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Abargouei et al. (2012) Effect of dairy consumption on weight and body
composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
randomized controlled clinical trials. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Nilsson et al. (2004) Glycemia and insulinemia in healthy subjects after
lactose- equivalent meals of milk and other food proteins: the role of
plasma amino acids and incretins. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Cornier et al. (2005) Insulin sensitivity determines the effectiveness of
dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss in obese women.
[PubMed]
Pittas et al. (2005) A low-glycemic load diet facilitates greater weight loss in
overweight adults with high insulin secretion but not in overweight adults
with low insulin secretion in the CALERIE Trial. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Gardner et al. (2015) Weight Loss on Low-Fat vs. Low-Carbohydrate Diets
by Insulin Resistance Status Among Overweight Adults and Adults with
Obesity: A Randomized Pilot Trial. [PubMed]
Mansoor et al. (2016) Effects of low-carbohydrate diets v. low-fat diets on
body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of
randomised controlled trials. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Hu et al. (2012) Effects of Low-Carbohydrate Diets Versus Low-Fat Diets on
Metabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled
Clinical Trials. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Sackner-Bernstein et al. (2015) Dietary Intervention for Overweight and
Obese Adults: Comparison of Low- Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets. A
Meta- Analysis. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Bueno et al. (2012) Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for
long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Nordmann et al. (2006) Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on
weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Schwingshackl & Hoffmann (2013) Comparison of effects of long-term low-
fat vs high-fat diets on blood lipid levels in overweight or obese patients: a
systematic review and meta-analysis. [PubMed]
Holt et al. (1997) An insulin index of foods: the insulin demand generated
by 1000-kJ portions of common foods. [PubMed]
Niwano et al. (2009) Glycemic Index of Food a Feasible Predictor of
Appetite Hunger and Satiety? [PubMed] [Download Text]
Coyle et al. (1995) Substrate utilization during exercise in active people.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Burke et al. (2011) Carbohydrates for training and competition. [PubMed]
Sherman et al. (1981) Effect of exercise-diet manipulation on muscle
glycogen and its subsequent utilization during performance. [PubMed]
Fairchild et al. (2002) Rapid carbohydrate loading after a short bout of near
maximal-intensity exercise. [PubMed]
Bergstrom et al. (1967) Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance.
[PubMed]
Romijn et al. (1993) Substrate metabolism during different exercise
intensities in endurance-trained women. [PubMed]
Colombani et al. (2013) Carbohydrates and exercise performance in non-
fasted athletes: A systematic review of studies mimicking real-life.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Jeukendrup (2004) The new carbohydrate intake recommendations.
[PubMed]
Beelen et al. (2007) Coingestion of carbohydrate with protein does not
further augment post exercise muscle protein synthesis. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Staples et al. (2015) Carbohydrate does not augment exercise-induced
protein accretion versus protein alone. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Burke et al. (2004) Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery.
[PubMed]
Yeo et al. (2008) Fat adaptation followed by carbohydrate restoration
increases AMPK activity in skeletal muscle from trained humans.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Morton et al. (2009) Reduced carbohydrate availability does not modulate
training-induced heat shock protein adaptations but does upregulate
oxidative enzyme activity in human skeletal muscle. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Pilegaard et al. (2005) Substrate availability and transcriptional regulation
of metabolic genes in human skeletal muscle during recovery from
exercise. [PubMed]
Morton & Fudge (2013) Unpublished Case Study.
Lecture 3.3 – Hormonal & Biochemical Effects of Dietary Fat
The Manual of Dietetics, 3rd Edition
Seo et al. (2005) Saturated fat–rich diet enhances selective uptake of LDL
cholesteryl esters in the arterial wall. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Souza (2015) Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk
of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes:
systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Hariri et al. (2010) - A highly saturated fat-rich diet is more obesogenic than
diets with lower saturated fat content. [PubMed]
Sonagra et al. (2014) Normal Pregnancy- A State of Insulin Resistance.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Takizawa et al. (2003) The relationship between carbohydrate intake and
glucose tolerance in pregnant women. [PubMed]
Vijay-Kumar et al. (2011) Fish oil rich diet in comparison to saturated fat
rich diet offered protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced
inflammation and insulin resistance in mice. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Anderson-Vasquez et al. (2015) Impact of the consumption of a rich diet in
butter and it replacement for a rich diet in extra virgin olive oil on
anthropometric, metabolic and lipid profile in postmenopausal women.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Phillips et al. (2012) - Dietary saturated fat, gender and genetic variation at
the TCF7L2 locus predict the development of metabolic syndrome.
[PubMed]
Corella et al. (2009) - APOA2, Dietary Fat and Body Mass Index:
Replication of a Gene-Diet Interaction in Three Independent Populations.
[PubMed]
Rosqvist et al. (2014) - Overfeeding Polyunsaturated and Saturated Fat
Causes Distinct Effects on Liver and Visceral Fat Accumulation in Humans.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Pimpin et al. (2016) Is Butter Back? A Systematic Review and Meta-
Analysis of Butter Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease,
Diabetes, and Total Mortality. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Galgani et al. (2008) - Effect of the dietary fat quality on insulin sensitivity.
[PubMed]
Tierney et al. (2011) - Effects of dietary fat modification on insulin
sensitivity and on other risk factors of the metabolic syndrome--LIPGENE:
a European randomized dietary intervention study. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Chiu et al. (2014) - Diets high in protein or saturated fat do not affect
insulin sensitivity or plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins in
overweight and obese adults. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Van Hees et al. (2010) Effects of dietary fat modification on skeletal muscle
fatty acid handling in the metabolic syndrome. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Souza (2015) Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk
of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes:
systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Hu & Willet (2002) Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Simopoulos (2006) Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3
ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases.
[PubMed]
Blasbalg et al. (2011) - Changes in consumption of omega-3 and omega-6
fatty acids in the United States during the 20th century. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Mozaffarian et al. (2005) Interplay Between Different Polyunsaturated Fatty
Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Lukaski et al. (2001) Interactions among dietary fat, mineral status, and
performance of endurance athletes: a case study. [PubMed]
Josse et al. (2012) Diets higher in dairy foods and dietary protein support
bone health during diet- and exercise-induced weight loss in overweight
and obese premenopausal women. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Chavarro et al. (2007) Diet and lifestyle in the prevention of ovulatory
disorder infertility. [PubMed]
Larsson et al. (2005) High-fat dairy food and conjugated linoleic acid
intakes in relation to colorectal cancer incidence in the Swedish
Mammography Cohort. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Rosell et al. (2006) Association between dairy food consumption and
weight change over 9 y in 19 352 perimenopausal women. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Bonthuis et al. (2010) Dairy consumption and patterns of mortality of
Australian adults. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Kratz, Baars & Guyenet (2013) The relationship between high-fat dairy
consumption and obesity, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease. [PubMed]
Park et al. (2007) Calcium, vitamin D, and dairy product intake and
prostate cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. [PubMed]
Mozaffarian et al. (2010) Trans-Palmitoleic Acid, Metabolic Risk Factors,
and New-Onset Diabetes in US Adults. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Biong et al. (2004) A comparison of the effects of cheese and butter on
serum lipids, haemostatic variables and homocysteine. [PubMed]
Ivey et al. (2011) Association between yogurt, milk, and cheese
consumption and common carotid artery intima-media thickness and
cardiovascular disease risk factors in elderly women. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Hays et al. (2002) Results of use of metformin and replacement of starch
with saturated fat in diets of patients with type 2 diabetes. [PubMed]
Meckling, O’sullivan & Saari (2004) Comparison of a low-fat diet to a low-
carbohydrate diet on weight loss, body composition, and risk factors for
diabetes and cardiovascular disease in free-living, overweight men and
women. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Lamarche & Couture (2014) It is time to revisit current dietary
recommendations for saturated fat. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Ryan and Clarke (2015) Fat saturation has no effect on glycaemic or satiety
response to a high GI carbohydrate meal in healthy women.[Download
Text]
Puaschitz et al. (2015) Dietary intake of saturated fat is not associated with
risk of coronary events or mortality in patients with established coronary
artery disease. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Miller et al. (2014) Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids Eicosapentaenoic Acid
and Docosahexaenoic Acid and Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of
Randomized Controlled Trials. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Zulyniak et al. (2013) Fish oil supplementation alters circulating eicosanoid
concentrations in young healthy men. [PubMed]
Metcalf (2008) Effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the
inducibility of ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic
cardiomyopathy. [PubMed]
Kremer (1995) Effects of high-dose fish oil on rheumatoid arthritis after
stopping nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Clinical and immune
correlates. [PubMed]
Sublette et al. (2011) Meta-analysis of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid
(EPA) in clinical trials in depression. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Smith et al (2010) Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the
rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled
trial. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Noreen et al. (2010) Effects of supplemental fish oil on resting metabolic
rate, body composition, and salivary cortisol in healthy adults. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Larvie et al. (2009) Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and
cardiovascular diseases. [PubMed]
Owen et al. (1967) Brain Metabolism during Fasting [PubMed]
Ichimura et al. (2009) - Free fatty acid receptors act as nutrient sensors to
regulate energy homeostasis. [PubMed]
Numao et al. (2016) Short-term high-fat diet alters postprandial glucose
metabolism and circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in healthy
males. [PubMed]
Hopkins et al. (2016) Differing effects of high-fat or high-carbohydrate
meals on food hedonics in overweight and obese individuals. [PubMed]
Kozimor et al. (2013) Effects of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition From a
High Fat Meal on Satiety. [PubMed]
Bueno et al. (2013) Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for
long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Lambrechts et al. (2016) A Prospective Study on Changes in Blood Levels of
Cholecystokinin-8 and Leptin in Patients With Refractory Epilepsy Treated
With the Ketogenic Diet. [PubMed]
Zamani et al. (2016) The Effects of Classic Ketogenic Diet on Serum Lipid
Profile in Children With Refractory Seizures. [PubMed]
Ashrafi et al. (2016) The efficacy of the ketogenic diet in infants and young
children with refractory epilepsies using a formula-based powder.
[PubMed]
Nebeling et al. (1995); Effects of a ketogenic diet on tumor metabolism and
nutritional status in pediatric oncology patients: two case reports.
[PubMed]
Schmidt et al. (2011) Effects of a ketogenic diet on the quality of life in 16
patients with advanced cancer: A pilot trial. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Westman et al. (2008) The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet
versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes
mellitus. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Nordmann et al (2006) Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on
weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Erlenbusch et al. (2005) Effect of high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets on
endurance exercise: a meta-analysis. [PubMed]
Paoli et al. (2012) - Ketogenic diet does not affect strength performance in
elite artistic gymnasts. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Burke et al. (2016) - Low carbohydrate, high fat diet impairs exercise
economy and negates the performance benefit from intensified training in
elite race walkers. [PubMed]
Lecture 3.4 – Conceptualising Energy Balance and Macronutrient Theory
Harris- Benedict (1919) A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism.
[PubMed]
Cunningham (1991) Body composition as a determinant of energy
expenditure: a synthetic review and a proposed general prediction
equation. [PubMed]
Bouchard et al. (1983) A method to assess energy expenditure in children
and adults. [PubMed]
Phillips & Van Loon (2011) Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements
to optimum adaptation. [PubMed]
Lecture 3.5 – Fat Loss Part 1 – Adherence - The Single Most Important
Factor
Rolland et al. (2013). Long-term weight loss maintenance and management
following a VLCD: a 3-year outcome. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Johansson et al. (1998)- Over and Under reporting. [PubMed]
Frost (2007) A new method of energy prescription to improve weight loss.
[PubMed]
McClain et al. (2012). Adherence to a low-fat vs. low-carbohydrate diet
differs by insulin resistance status. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Pittas et al. (2005). A Low-Glycemic Load Diet Facilitates Greater Weight
Loss in Overweight Adults With High Insulin Secretion but Not in
Overweight Adults With Low Insulin Secretion in the CALERIE Trial.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Houchins et al. (2011). Beverage vs. Solid Fruits and Vegetables: Effects on
Energy Intake and Body Weight. [PubMed]
Read & Houghton (1989) Gastric emptying. [PubMed]
Journel et al. (2012). Brain Responses to High-Protein Diets. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Bergmann et al. (1992). Correlation between echographic gastric emptying
and appetite: influence of psyllium. [PubMed]
Romer et al (2006). Does modification of olfacto-gustatory stimulation
diminish sensory-specific satiety in humans? [PubMed]
Brondel et al. (2009). Variety enhances food intake in humans: Role of
sensory-specific satiety. [PubMed]
Alan Aragon, AAUKC (2013)
Stice et al. (2013). Relative ability of fat and sugar tastes to activate reward,
gustatory, and somatosensory regions. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Nedeltcheva et al. (2010). Insufficient Sleep Undermines Dietary Efforts to
Reduce Adiposity. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Lecture 3.6 – Fat Loss Part 2 – Client Specific Approaches to Dieting
Stewart (2016) Rigid vs. flexible dieting: association with eating disorder
symptoms in nonobese women. [PubMed]
Westenhoefer (2016). Cognitive and weight-related correlates of flexible
and rigid restrained eating behaviour. [PubMed]
Smith (2016). Flexible vs. Rigid dieting strategies: relationship with
adverse behavioral outcomes. [PubMed]
Westenhoefer (1999). Validation of the flexible and rigid control
dimensions of dietary restraint. [PubMed]
Loria-Kohen et al. (2012). Evaluation of the usefulness of a low-calorie diet
with or without bread in the treatment of overweight/obesity. [PubMed]
Meule et al. (2011). Food cravings mediate the relationship between rigid,
but not flexible control of eating behavior and dieting success. [PubMed]
Westenhoefer et al. (2013). Cognitive and weight-related correlates of
flexible and rigid restrained eating behaviour. [PubMed]
Verheggen et al. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the
effects of exercise training versus hypocaloric diet: distinct effects on body
weight and visceral adipose tissue. [PubMed]
Lecture 3.7 – Fat Loss Part 3 – Rates of Weight Loss, Diet Breaks &
Metabolic Adaptation
Longland et al. (2016). Higher compared with lower dietary protein
during an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater
lean mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Garthe et al. (2010). Long-term Effect Of Two Different Weight Loss
Interventions On Changes In Body Composition And Performance.
[PubMed]
Huovinen et al. (2015). Body Composition and Power Performance
Improved After Weight Reduction in Male Athletes Without Hampering
Hormonal Balance. [PubMed]
Stewart & Fleming(1973). Features of a successful therapeutic fast of 382
days' duration. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Redman et al. (2009) Metabolic and Behavioral Compensations in
Response to Caloric Restriction: Implications for the Maintenance of
Weight Loss [PubMed] [Download Text]
Garthe & Sundgot-Borgen (2006) Weight Loss METHODS and Nutritional
Routines in International Weight-Class Athletes.
Huovinen et al (2010) Moderate energy restriction with high protein diet
results in healthier outcome in women. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Nackers et al. (2010) The Association Between Rate of Initial Weight Loss
and Long-Term Success in Obesity Treatment: Does Slow and Steady Win
the Race? [PubMed] [Download Text]
Talaee et al. (2015) The Impact of 4% Rapid Weight Loss on Leptin,
Adiponectin, and Insulin Resistance Among Elite Adult Freestyle
Wrestlers. [PubMed]
Sumithran et al. (2011) Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to
weight loss. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Johannsenet et al. (2012) Metabolic Slowing With Massive Weight Loss
Despite Preservation of Fat-Free Mass. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Dunaif et al. (1989) Profound Peripheral Insulin Resistance, Independent
of Obesity, in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. [PubMed]
Dirlewanger et al. (2000). Effects of short-term carbohydrate or fat
overfeeding on energy expenditure and plasma leptin concentrations in
healthy female subjects. [PubMed]
Redman et al. (2009) Metabolic and Behavioral Compensations in
Response to Caloric Restriction: Implications for the Maintenance of
Weight Loss. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Mittendorfer (2001) Gender differences in lipid and glucose kinetics
during short-term fasting. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Dubuc et al. (1998) Changes of serum leptin and endocrine and metabolic
parameters after 7 days of energy restriction in men and women.
[PubMed]
Kosmiski et al. (2013) Chronic starvation secondary to anorexia nervosa is
associated with an adaptive suppression of resting energy expenditure.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Weigle et al. (2003) Roles of Leptin and Ghrelin in the Loss of Body Weight
Caused by a Low Fat, High Carbohydrate Diet. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Lecture 3.8 – Evidence Based Body Composition Assessment and
Interpretation
Longland et al. (2016) Higher compared with lower dietary protein during
an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater lean
mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Segal et al. (1985) Estimation of extracellular and total body water by
multiple-frequency bioelectrical-impedance measurement. [PubMed]
Burns et al. (2019) Measurement agreement in percent body fat estimates
among laboratory and field assessments in college students: Use of
equivalence testing. [PubMed] [Download Text]
McCrory et al. (1995) Evaluation of a new air displacement
plethysmograph for measuring human body composition. [PubMed]
Fields & Goran (2000) Validation of the BOD POD with hydrostatic
weighing: influence of body clothing. [PubMed]
Higgins et al. (2001) Effect of scalp and facial hair on air displacement
plethysmography estimates of percentage of body fat. [PubMed]
Fields et al. (2000) Validation of the BOD POD with hydrostatic weighing:
influence of body clothing. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Gibson et al. (2016) Intraindividual Variability in Test-Retest Air
Displacement Plethysmography Measurements of Body Density for Men
and Women. [PubMed]
Hangartner et al. (2013) The Official Positions of the International Society
for Clinical Densitometry: acquisition of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
body composition and considerations regarding analysis and repeatability
of measures. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Haarbo et al. (1991) Validation of body composition by dual energy X-ray
absorptiometry (DEXA). [PubMed]
Mazess et al (1990) Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for total-body and
regional bone-mineral and soft-tissue composition. [PubMed]
Buckinx et al. (2018) Pitfalls in the measurement of muscle mass: a need for
a reference standard. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Van Der Ploeg et al. (2003) Percent body fat via DEXA: comparison with a
four-compartment model. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Clasey et al. (1999) Validity of methods of body composition assessment in
young and older men and women. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Wagner (2013) Ultrasound as a Tool to Assess Body Fat [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Kendall et al. (2016) Estimating fat-free mass in elite-level male rowers: a
four-compartment model validation of laboratory and field methods.
[PubMed]
Scott et al. (2017) Panoramic ultrasound: a novel and valid tool for
monitoring change in muscle mass. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Fox et al. (2007) Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue
compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham
Heart Study. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Britton et al. (2013) Body Fat Distribution, Incident Cardiovascular Disease,
Cancer, and All-cause Mortality. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Klopfenstein et al. (2012) Comparison of 3 T MRI and CT for the
measurement of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Gradmark et al. (2010) Computed tomography-based validation of
abdominal adiposity measurements from ultrasonography, dual-energy X-
ray absorptiometry and anthropometry. [PubMed] [Download Text]
NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative (2000) Identifying Patients for Weight-
Loss Treatment. An Empirical Evaluation of the NHLBI Obesity Education
Initiative Expert Panel Treatment Recommendations. [Download Text]
Spalding et al. (2008) Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans. [PubMed]
Lecture 3.9 – Advanced Muscle Gain
Rozenek et al. (2002) Effects of high-calorie supplements on body
composition and muscular strength following resistance training.
[Download Text]
James Krieger, Weightology [Visit Web Site]
Wall et al. (2011) Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate
increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism
during exercise in humans. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Longland et al. (2016) Higher compared with lower dietary protein during
an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater lean
mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Garthe et al. (2010) Long-term Effect Of Two Different Weight Loss
Interventions On Changes In Body Composition And Performance.
[PubMed]
Haakonssen et al. (2013), Increased lean mass with reduced fat mass in an
elite female cyclist returning to competition: case study. [PubMed]
Josse et al. (2010) Body composition and strength changes in women with
milk and resistance exercise. [PubMed]
Bohé et al. (2001) Latency and duration of stimulation of human muscle
protein synthesis during continuous infusion of amino acids. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Atherton & Smith (2012) Muscle protein synthesis in response to nutrition
and exercise. [PubMed] [Download Text]
West et al. (2011) Rapid aminoacidemia enhances myofibrillar protein
synthesis and anabolic intramuscular signalling responses after resistance
exercise. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Bohé et al. (2003) Human muscle protein synthesis is modulated by
extracellular, not intramuscular amino acid availability: a dose-response
study. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Burd et al. (2009) Exercise training and protein metabolism: influences of
contraction, protein intake, and sex-based differences. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Reidy et al. (2016) Role of Ingested Amino Acids and Protein in the
Promotion of Resistance Exercise-Induced Muscle Protein Anabolism.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Beelen et al. (2007) Coingestion of carbohydrate with protein does not
further augment postexercise muscle protein synthesis. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Greenhaff et al. (2008) Disassociation between the effects of amino acids
and insulin on signaling, ubiquitin ligases, and protein turnover in human
muscle. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Staples et al. (2015) Carbohydrate does not augment exercise-induced
protein accretion versus protein alone. [PubMed]
Elliot et al. (2006) Milk ingestion stimulates net muscle protein synthesis
following resistance exercise. [PubMed]
Hamalainen et al. (1984) Diet and serum sex hormones in healthy men.
[PubMed]
Reed et al. (1987) Dietary lipids: AN Additional Regulatory or Plasma
Levels of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin. [PubMed]
Volek et al. (1997) Testosterone and cortisol in relationship to dietary
nutrients and resistance exercise. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Goldin et al. (1994) The effect of dietary fat and fiber on serum estrogen
concentrations in premenopausal women under controlled dietary
conditions. [PubMed]
Ingram et al. (1987) Effect of low-fat diet on female sex hormone levels.
[PubMed]
Reichman et al. (2008) Dietary Cholesterol and Skeletal Muscle
Hypertrophy with Resistance Training: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled
Trial. [PubMed]
Rahimi (2011). Please see:
Moore et al. (2015) Protein ingestion to stimulate myofibrillar protein
synthesis requires greater relative protein intakes in healthy older
versus younger men. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Witard et al. (2014) Myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis rates
subsequent to a meal in response to increasing doses of whey protein
at rest and after resistance exercise. [PubMed] [Download Text]
 Symons et al. (2009) A moderate serving of high-quality protein
maximally stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis in young and
elderly subjects. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Stark et al. (2012) Protein timing and its effects on muscular hypertrophy
and strength in individuals engaged in weight-training. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Oslen et al. (2006) Creatine supplementation augments the increase in
satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by
strength training. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Staples et al. (2011) Carbohydrate does not augment exercise-induced
protein accretion versus protein alone. [PubMed]
Brandenberger et al. (2000) Effect of sleep deprivation on overall 24 h
growth-hormone secretion. [PubMed]
Loucks (2003) Energy availability, not body fatness, regulates reproductive
function in women. [PubMed]
Smith et al. (2010) polyunsaturated fatty acids augment the muscle protein
anabolic response to hyperinsulinaemia‐hyperaminoacidaemia in healthy
young and middle‐aged men and women. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Owens et al. (2015) Vitamin D and the athlete: emerging insights.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Candow et al. (2011) Effect of different frequencies of creatine
supplementation on muscle size and strength in young adults. [PubMed]
Astorino et al. (2010) Efficacy of acute caffeine ingestion for short-term
high-intensity exercise performance: a systematic review. [PubMed]
Lecture 3.10 – Evidence- Based Supplementation for Health &
Performance
Food and Drug Administration (2003). Current good manufacturing
practice in manufacturing, packing, or holding dietary ingredients and
dietary supplements. [Download Text]
Geyer et al. (2008) Nutritional supplements cross-contaminated and faked
with doping substances. [PubMed]
Burdge et al. (2002) Eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids are the
principal products of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in young men*.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Burdge & Wooton (2002) Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to
eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in young
women. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Miller et al. (2014) Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid
and docosahexaenoic acid and blood pressure: A meta-analysis of
randomized controlled trials. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Zulyniak et al. (2013) Fish oil supplementation alters circulating eicosanoid
concentrations in young healthy men. [PubMed]
Metcalf (2008) Effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the
inducibility of ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic
cardiomyopathy. [PubMed]
Kremer (1995) Effects of high-dose fish oil on rheumatoid arthritis after
stopping nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs. Clinical and immune
correlates. [PubMed]
Sublette et al. (2011) Meta-analysis of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid
(EPA) in clinical trials in depression [PubMed] [Download Text]
Smith et al. (2010) Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases
the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized
controlled trial. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Noreen et al. (2010) Effects of supplemental fish oil on resting metabolic
rate, body composition, and salivary cortisol in healthy adults. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Hamilton (2010) Vitamin D and human skeletal muscle. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Prietl et al. (2013) Vitamin D and immune function. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Hill et al. (2013) Vitamin D and bone health outcomes in older age.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Holick (2007) Vitamin D deficiency. [PubMed]
Shaffer et al. (2014) Vitamin D supplementation for depressive symptoms:
a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Tomlinson et al. (2015) Effects of vitamin D supplementation on upper and
lower body muscle strength levels in healthy individuals. A systematic
review with meta-analysis. [PubMed]
Ortega et al. (2008) Preliminary data about the influence of vitamin D
status on the loss of body fat in young overweight/obese women following
two types of hypocaloric diet. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Hall et al. (2009) Vitamin D Intake Needed to Maintain Target Serum 25-
Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Participants with Low Sun Exposure
and Dark Skin Pigmentation Is Substantially Higher Than Current
Recommendations. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Carillo et al. (2013) Impact of vitamin D supplementation during a
resistance training intervention on body composition, muscle function, and
glucose tolerance in overweight and obese adults. [PubMed] [Download
Text]
Greer et al. (2001) Caffeine Ingestion Decreases Glucose Disposal During a
Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp in Sedentary Humans. [PubMed]
Olorunshola & Acie (2011) Caffeine Alters Skeletal Muscle Contraction by
Opening of Calcium Ion Channels. [PubMed]
Duvnjak-Zaknick et al. (2001) Effect of caffeine on reactive agility time
when fresh and fatigued. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Kamimori et al. (2015) Caffeine improves reaction time, vigilance and
logical reasoning during extended periods with restricted opportunities for
sleep. [PubMed]
Placket (2001) Caffeine increases endurance and attenuates force sensation
during submaximal isometric contractions. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Carr et al. (2011) I nduced alkalosis and caffeine supplementation: effects
on 2,000-m rowing performance. [PubMed]
Desbrow et al. (2012) The effects of different doses of caffeine on endurance
cycling time trial performance. [PubMed]
Backhouse et al. (2011) Caffeine ingestion, affect and perceived exertion
during prolonged cycling. [PubMed]
Gavrieli et al. (2011) Caffeinated coffee does not acutely affect energy
intake, appetite, or inflammation but prevents serum cortisol
concentrations from falling in healthy men. [PubMed]
Gavrieli et al. (2013) Effect of Different Amounts of Coffee on Dietary
Intake and Appetite of Normal-Weight and Overweight/Obese
Individuals, Obesity, published online ahead of print. [PubMed]
Schubert et al. (2014) Caffeine consumption around an exercise bout: effects
on energy expenditure, energy intake, and exercise enjoyment.
Astrup et al. (1990) Caffeine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of its
thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers.
[PubMed]
Syrotuik (2004) Acute creatine monohydrate supplementation: a
descriptive physiological profile of responders vs. nonresponders.
[PubMed]
Sergej (2008) Gastrointestinal distress after creatine supplementation in
athletes: are side effects dose dependent? [PubMed]
Izguierdo et al. (2002) Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle
power, endurance, and sprint performance. [PubMed]
Cramer et al. (2007) Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Three Days of
Resistance Training on Muscle Strength, Power Output and
Neuromuscular Function. [PubMed]
Bemben et al. (2005) Creatine supplementation and exercise performance:
recent findings. [PubMed]
Rawson et al. (2003) Effects of creatine supplementation and resistance
training on muscle strength and weightlifting performance. [PubMed]
Cottrell et al. (2002) Effect of Recovery Interval on Multiple-Bout Sprint
Cycling Performance After Acute Creatine Supplementation. [PubMed]
Olsen et al. (2006) Creatine supplementation augments the increase in
satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by
strength training. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Chwalbiñska-Moneta (2003) Effect of creatine supplementation on aerobic
performance and anaerobic capacity in elite rowers in the course of
endurance training. [PubMed]
Engelhardt (1998) Creatine supplementation in endurance sports.
[PubMed]
Rae et al. (2007) Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves
brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Burke et al. (2003) Effect of creatine and weight training on
muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians. [PubMed]
McMorris et al. (2006) Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep
deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor
performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines
and cortisol. [PubMed]
Derave (2007) beta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine
content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts
in trained sprinters. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Hill et al. (2006) Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal
muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Matson & Tran (1983) Effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on anaerobic
performance: a meta-analytic review. [PubMed]
Bird et al. (1995) The effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on 1500‐m
racing time. [PubMed]
Lindh et al. (2008) Sodium bicarbonate improves swimming performance.
[PubMed]
Potteiger et al. (1996) The effects of buffer ingestion on metabolic factors
related to distance running performance. [PubMed]
Huang et al. (2006) The efficacy and safety of multivitamin and mineral
supplement use to prevent cancer and chronic disease in adults: a
systematic review for a National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science
conference. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Lin et al. (2009) Vitamins C and E and beta carotene supplementation and
cancer risk: a randomized controlled trial. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Sanchez et al. (2014) Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724
supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and
women. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Nagpal et al. (2012) Probiotics, their health benefits and applications for
developing healthier foods: a review. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Boorsma et al. (2014) Beetroot Juice Supplementation Does Not Improve
Performance of Elite 1500-M Runners [PubMed]
Davis et al. (2012) The effects of beta-hydoxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid
supplementation on muscle damage, hormonal status, and performance
following a high volume 2-week overreaching cycle [Download Text]
Schwedhelm et al. (2008) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide
metabolism. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Perez-Guisado & Jakeman (2010) Citrulline malate enhances athletic
anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. [PubMed]
Bendahan et al. (2002) Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy
production in human exercising muscle. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Hickner et al. (2006) L-citrulline reduces time to exhaustion and insulin
response to a graded exercise test. [PubMed]
Stear et al. (2010) BJSM reviews: A–Z of nutritional supplements: dietary
supplements, sports nutrition foods and Ergogenic aids for health and
performance part 3. [BJSM]
Gonzales (2003) Effect of Lepidium meyenii (Maca), a root with
aphrodisiac and fertility-enhancing properties, on serum reproductive
hormone levels in adult healthy men. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Shindel (2010) Erectogenic and Neurotrophic Effects of Icariin, a Purified
Extract of Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium spp.) In Vitro and In Vivo.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Zhang (2007) Epimedium-derived phytoestrogen flavonoids exert
beneficial effect on preventing bone loss in late postmenopausal women: a
24-month randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial.
[PubMed] [Download Text]
Hanai (2006) Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis:
randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. [PubMed]
[Download Text]
Carroll (2001) Curcumin delays development of MPA-accelerated DMBA-
induced mammary tumors. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Saudan (2008) Short term impact of Tribulus terrestris intake on doping
control analysis of endogenous steroids. [PubMed] [Download Text]
Neychev & Mitev (2005) The aphrodisiac herb Tribulus terrestris does not
influence the androgen production in young men. [PubMed]
Rogerson (2007) The effect of five weeks of Tribulus terrestris
supplementation on muscle strength and body composition during
preseason training in elite rugby league players. [PubMed]