0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views15 pages

Cordless Telephones Data Analysis

Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views15 pages

Cordless Telephones Data Analysis

Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Question 1: Cordless Telephones Data

a. How many elements are in this data set?


There are 8 cordless telephones in the data set, so the number of elements is 8.

b. For the variables Price, Overall Score, Voice Quality, Handset on Base, and Talk Time,
which variables are categorical and which are quantitative?

• Categorical: Voice Quality, Handset on Base


• Quantitative: Price, Overall Score, Talk Time

c. What scale of measurement is used for each variable?

• Price: Ratio
• Overall Score: Interval
• Voice Quality: Ordinal
• Handset on Base: Nominal
• Talk Time: Ratio

d. What is the average price for the cordless telephones?


Average price = (60 + 80 + 100 + 70 + 45 + 80 + 60 + 50) / 8 = $70.625

e. What is the average talk time for the cordless telephones?


Average talk time = (7 + 7 + 13 + 13 + 10 + 7 + 7 + 7) / 8 = 8.625 hours

f. What percentage of the cordless telephones have a voice quality of excellent?


Number of excellent voice quality = 2 (AT&T CL84100, Vtech DS6521)
Percentage = (2 / 8) * 100 = 25%

g. What percentage of the cordless telephones have a handset on the base?


Number of phones with a handset on base = 4 (AT&T CL84100, Panasonic 4773B, Uniden
D1788, Vtech CS6649)
Percentage = (4 / 8) * 100 = 50%

Question 2: J.D. Power and Associates Survey

a. Did you purchase or lease the vehicle?

• Categorical data (Nominal scale)

b. What price did you pay?

• Quantitative data (Ratio scale)


c. What is the overall attractiveness of your vehicle’s exterior?

• Categorical data (Ordinal scale)

d. What is your average miles per gallon?

• Quantitative data (Ratio scale)

e. What is your overall rating of your new vehicle?

• Quantitative data (Ordinal scale, since it is on a 1 to 10-point scale)

Question 3: The Tennessean Poll

a. What was the sample size for this poll?


The sample size is 762 (number of respondents).

b. Are the data categorical or quantitative?


The data is categorical (responses are Yes, No, or Not Sure).

c. Would it make more sense to use averages or percentages as a summary of the data for
this question?
It would make more sense to use percentages, as the responses are categorical.

d. Of the respondents, 67% said Yes, they would want it to pass. How many individuals
provided this response?
Number of Yes responses = (67% of 762) = 0.67 * 762 = 511.74, rounded to 512 individuals.

Let's continue solving the remaining questions:

Question 4: Rental Cars in Service

a. Construct a time series graph for the years 2007 to 2010 showing the number of rental
cars in service for each company.
I will construct the graph shortly.

b. Comment on who appears to be the market share leader and how the market shares are
changing over time.
From the data:

• Hertz consistently has the largest number of cars in service, making it the market leader.
• Dollar's cars in service decreased significantly between 2007 and 2009, showing the
steepest decline.
• Avis had an increase from 2007 to 2009 but declined slightly in 2010. Hertz’s share
remains relatively stable.

c. Construct a bar chart showing rental cars in service for 2010. Is this chart based on
cross-sectional or time series data?
This is cross-sectional data because it shows a snapshot for a specific time (2010).

I will create the charts now.

Question 5: Variable Classification

Discrete vs. Continuous:

• Discrete: Gender, Number of home video screens


• Continuous: Salary, Sales volume of MP3 players, Temperature, SAT scores, Student
rank in class, Rating of a finance professor

Scales of Measurement:

• Nominal: Gender, Soft drink preference


• Ordinal: Student rank in class, Rating of a finance professor
• Interval: Temperature, SAT scores
• Ratio: Salary, Sales volume of MP3 players, Number of home video screens
Question 6: Frequency and Relative Frequency Distributions

Data:

• Responses: 60 (A), 24 (B), 36 (C)


• Total Responses: 120

Question 7: Pie Chart

Data:

• Yes: 58
• No: 42
• No-opinion: 20
• Total: 120

Degrees for Pie Chart:

• Yes: (58 / 120) × 360 = 174°


• No: (42 / 120) × 360 = 126°
• No-opinion: (20 / 120) × 360 = 60°
Question4
1. Time Series Graph (Question 4a): Shows the number of rental cars in service for Hertz,
Dollar, and Avis from 2007 to 2010. Hertz remains the leader, with Avis showing an increase
before a slight drop in 2010. Dollar consistently declines over the years.

2. Bar Chart for 2010 (Ques�on 4c): Highlights the rental cars in service for each company in 2010. This
is cross-sec�onal data as it represents a single point in �me.
Pie Chart for Survey Responses (Ques�on 7c): Visualizes the distribu�on of "Yes," "No," and "No-
opinion" responses in the survey.
Question 8: Hypertension Data

a. Draw a side-by-side bar chart.


I will create the chart for the given data.

b. Give meaningful interpretation using the data for males and females.

• The percentage of individuals with hypertension increases with age for both males and
females.
• At younger ages (20-34), males have slightly higher hypertension rates (11% vs. 9%).
• In older age groups (65+), females show slightly higher hypertension rates compared to
males.
• The differences between males and females are relatively small, suggesting that age is a
more significant factor than gender for hypertension.

Question 9: Frequency and Histogram

Data Classes:

• 12–14, 15–17, 18–20, 21–23, 24–26

a. Frequency Distribution
I will calculate frequencies for these classes.
b. Relative and Percent Frequency Distribution
Relative frequencies are the proportion of data in each class, and percent frequencies are the
relative frequencies multiplied by 100.

c. Histogram
I will construct the histogram.

Question 10: Data Plot

Data:

8.9, 10.2, 11.5, 7.8, 10.0, 12.2, 13.5, 14.1, 10.0, 12.2, 6.8, 9.5, 11.5, 11.2, 14.9, 7.5, 10.0, 6.0,
15.8, 11.5

a. Dot Plot
A dot plot represents each data point.

b. Frequency Distribution
Classes will be created based on intervals, and frequencies will be calculated.

c. Percent Frequency Distribution


Relative frequencies will be multiplied by 100 to get percentages.

pinion" responses in the survey.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Here are the charts for Questions 8, 9, and 10:

1. Question 8a - Side-by-Side Bar Chart:


Displays hypertension percentages for males and females across different age groups.
2. Question 9c - Histogram:
Represents the frequency distribution for data within the specified class intervals (12–14,
15–17, etc.).
3. Question 10a - Dot Plot:
Shows the individual data points for the provided dataset.
d. Conclusions:

• Highest percentage: Overall, females show the highest percentage saying the greens are
too fast (40% of 100 vs. 35% for males).
• For low handicaps, males are more critical, while for high handicaps, both genders have
similar responses.
• The results suggest that females are more sensitive to greens being "too fast," but
preferences vary by handicap level.

Common questions

Powered by AI

The 'Handset on Base' variable uses a nominal scale , which categorizes without implicit rank or quantitative value, allowing only for operations like counting frequency or mode. This limits analysis to purely qualitative aspects without allowing for quantitative analysis or ordinal rankings, thereby restricting deeper statistical analysis or mathematical treatment beyond categorical grouping.

Age is a more significant factor than gender for hypertension, as the data shows that hypertension rates increase with age for both males and females . Public health interventions might, therefore, be more effective if they are age-targeted rather than gender-targeted, focusing on older age groups which show significantly higher rates of hypertension, according to the document.

A cross-sectional analysis, as in the bar chart for rental cars in 2010, captures data at a single point in time . This type of analysis allows for comparing different entities or groups at that specific moment, providing a snapshot of the market. In contrast, a time-series analysis involves data over intervals of time, allowing for trend prediction and temporal pattern recognition. Cross-sectional data limits analysis to only that specific period without showing change over time.

The significant decline in Dollar's rental cars between 2007 and 2009 suggests a loss of market share relative to its competitors . This could imply strategic challenges such as decreased demand, reduced operational capacity, or competitive disadvantages. Evaluating these factors can indicate Dollar’s weakened market position compared to Hertz and Avis, who maintained or slightly improved their numbers.

The 'Talk Time' variable is measured on a ratio scale , allowing for a full range of statistical operations. This includes calculation of means, standard deviations, and other parametric tests. Since the scale has a true zero, meaningful multiplication and division operations are also possible, allowing for analyses of relative standing or growth rates.

The 'Overall Score' for cordless telephones uses an interval scale . This scale allows for meaningful differences between values, so operations like addition and subtraction are possible, and you can calculate averages and standard deviations. However, ratio operations (like multiplication and division) and meaningful zero points are not applicable in interval scales, which limits some types of statistical analysis, such as exponential growth calculations.

Frequency distributions provide a clear picture of how data values are spread across different intervals, which helps in identifying patterns like skewness or modality . However, a limitation is that it does not provide information on individual data points or the data's exact variability within each class. Additionally, it might obscure details that only a complete listing of data points or additional statistical summaries can reveal.

Percentages are more suitable because the data is categorical, consisting of responses like Yes, No, or Not Sure . Averages are more applicable to quantitative data where numerical computation can represent central tendencies. Percentages effectively communicate proportions of categorical responses, making them easier to interpret for the distribution of opinions.

The average talk time for cordless telephones is 8.625 hours , and the average price is $70.625 . Consumers might prioritize longer talk time, especially if they need the phone for extended conversations, but may face the trade-off of higher prices for these models. Consumers must evaluate whether the additional price for increased talk time provides enough utility or if a less expensive model with shorter talk time suffices for their needs. These trade-offs could be influenced by consumer budget constraints as well as the intended use frequency and duration of phone calls.

You might also like