The loaded beam is shown in Figure with a A992 steel of W16×31
section. It supports a reinforced concrete floor slab that provides
continuous lateral support of the compression flange. The
service deal load is 450 lb/ft that exclude self weight of beam.
The service live load is 550 lb/ft. Does this beam have adequate
moment strength?
The total service dead load, including the weight of the beam, is
wD = 450 + 31 =481 lb/ft
The service live load is wL = 550 lb/ft
Ultimate load wu = 1.2× wD + 1.6 × wL = 1.2× 481+1.6× 550 = 1457.2 lb/ft
Ultimate moment Mu = 1/8 wuL2 = 1/8 × 1457.2 × 302
= 163935 lb-ft= 163.9 kip-ft
the nominal flexural strength is
Mn = Mp = FyZx = 50(54.0) = 2700 kip-in. = 225.0 kip-ft.
The design strength is
ØbMn = 0.90(225.0) = 203 kip-ft > 164 kip-ft (OK)
Select a light weight W shape beam section of A992 steel for
flexural moment of beam shown in Figure below. It supports a
reinforced concrete floor slab that provides continuous lateral
support of the compression flange. The service deal load is 450
lb/ft that exclude self weight of beam. The service live load is 550
lb/ft.
The total service dead load, excluding the weight of the beam, is
wD = 450 lb/ft
The service live load is wL = 550 lb/ft
Ultimate load wu = 1.2× wD + 1.6 × wL = 1.2× 450+1.6× 550 = 1420 lb/ft
Ultimate moment Mu = 1/8 wuL2 = 1/8 × 1420 × 302
= 159750 lb-ft= 159.75 kip-ft =1917 kip-in.
Assume ØbMn = ØbFyZx = Mu
Zx = Mu/(ØbFy)
Zx = 1917/(0.9 × 50)
Zx = 42.6 in3.
Assume the W shape beam section is W16×31 whose Zx = 54.
Dead Load =450+31 =481 lb/ft
Ultimate load wu = 1.2× wD + 1.6 × wL = 1.2× 481+1.6× 550 = 1457.2 lb/ft
Ultimate moment Mu = 1/8 wuL2 = 1/8 × 1457.2 × 302
= 163935 lb-ft= 163.9 kip-ft
Mn= FyZx
Mn= 50 × 54 = 2700 kip-in.
ØbMn = 0.9 × 2700 = 2430 kip-in= 202.5 kip-ft > 164 kip-ft (OK)
Select a light weight W shape beam section of A992 steel for
flexural moment of beam shown in Figure below. The beam is
braced at the end points. The service deal load is 450 lb/ft that
exclude self weight of beam. The service live load is 550 lb/ft.
Step-1:
The total service dead load, excluding the weight of the beam, is
wD = 450 lb/ft
The service live load is wL = 550 lb/ft
Ultimate load wu = 1.2× wD + 1.6 × wL = 1.2× 450+1.6× 550 = 1420 lb/ft
Ultimate moment Mu = 1/8 wuL2 = 1/8 × 1420 × 302
= 159750 lb-ft= 159.75 kip-ft =1917 kip-in.
Assume ØbMn = ØbFyZx = Mu
Zx = Mu/(ØbFy)
Zx = 1917/(0.9 × 50)
Zx = 42.6 in3.
Step-2:
Assume the W shape beam section is W16×31 whose Zx = 54.
Dead Load =450+31 =481 lb/ft
Ultimate load wu = 1.2× wD + 1.6 × wL = 1.2× 481+1.6× 550 = 1457.2 lb/ft
Ultimate moment Mu = 1/8 wuL2 = 1/8 × 1457.2 × 302
= 163935 lb-ft= 163.9 kip-ft
Mp= FyZx
Mp= 50 × 54 = 2700 kip-in.
Step-3:
No need to check the local buckling of the beam due to hot roll W16×31
Step-4:
Lateral torsional buckling need to check for unbraced length Lb =30 ft.
𝐸 29000
Lp = 1.76× ry =1.76 × 1.17× =49.6 inch =4.13 ft
𝐹𝑦 50
12.4×739
= = 1.424
47.2
2 2
29000 0.461×1 0.461×1 0.7×50
Lr = 1.95 × 1.424 × + + 6.76 ×
0.7×50 47.2×15.46 47.2×15.46 29000
Lr = 142.4 inch = 11.86 ft
2 2
1.136×(3.14) ×29000 0.461×1 30×12
Fcr = 2 1 + 0.078× ×
(30×12/1.424) 47.2×15.46 1.424
Fcr = 32.69 ksi
Mn = 32.69×47.2 =1543 kip-inch =128.58 kip-ft < Mp
ØbMn = 0.9*128.58 = 115.72 < 163.9 kip-ft
So, the section is inadequate and need to revise the section
with higher flexural strength.
Repeat the Step-2 to Step-4
The loaded beam is shown in Figure below. It supports a
reinforced concrete floor slab that provides continuous lateral
support of the compression flange. The service deal load is 450
lb/ft that exclude self weight of beam. The service live load is 550
lb/ft. Does this beam have adequate moment strength? Use Fy
=50 ksi steel.
bf=10″
tf=1/2″
hw=18″ tw=1/4″
tf=1/2″
Step-1:
Self weight of the section = (0.5*10*2+18*.25)/144*490 = 49.3 ≈50 lb/ft
The total service dead load, excluding the weight of the beam, is
wD = 450+50=400 lb/ft
The service live load is wL = 550 lb/ft
Ultimate load wu = 1.2× wD + 1.6 × wL = 1.2× 500+1.6× 550 = 1480 lb/ft
Ultimate moment Mu = 1/8 wuL2 = 1/8 × 1420 × 302
= 166500 lb-ft= 166.5 kip-ft =1998 kip-in.
Step-2:
No need to check the lateral torsional buckling of the beam due to lateral
bracing continuously.
Step-3:
Local buckling need to check for built-up section.
Check of beam flange
𝑏𝑓 10
𝜆𝑓 = = = 10
2𝑡𝑓 2 × 0.5
𝐸 29000
𝜆𝑝 = 0.38 = 0.38 = 9.15
𝐹𝑦 50
𝐸 29000
𝜆𝑟 = 1.0 = 1.0 = 24.08
𝐹𝑦 50
So, flange section is non-compact (inelastic) i.e., 𝜆𝑝 ≤ 𝜆𝑓 ≤ 𝜆𝑟
bf=10″
Check of beam web
tf=1/2″
ℎ 18 hw=18″ tw=1/4″
𝜆𝑤 = = = 72
𝑡𝑤 0.25 tf=1/2″
𝐸 29000 5 ∗ 9.25 + 2.25 × 4.5
𝜆𝑝 = 3.76 = 3.76 = 90.54 𝑎 =2×
𝐹𝑦 50 5 + 2.25
= 15.55
𝐴 14.5
𝐸 29000 𝑍𝑥 = 2 × 𝑎= 2
× 15.55
𝜆𝑟 = 5.70 = 5.70 = 137.25 = 112.75
𝐹𝑦 50
𝐼 977.2
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑐 = = 102.86
So, web section is compact i.e., 𝜆𝑝 ≤ 𝜆𝑤 ≤ 𝜆𝑟 9.5
𝜆𝑓 −𝜆𝑝
So, 𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑝 − 𝑀𝑝 − 0.7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 𝜆𝑟 −𝜆𝑝
𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦 × 𝑍𝑥 = 50× 112.75 = 5637.5 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
10 − 9.15
𝑀𝑛 = 5637.5 − 5637.5 − 0.7 × 50 × 102.86
24.2 − 9.15
𝑀𝑛 = 5522.43 kip-inch
ØbMn = 0.9×5522.43 = 4970.2 kip-inch ≥ 1998 kip-inch (OK)