Name :Suresh Prajapati
Btech : 4 year
Sub- RURAL DEVELOPMENT: ADMINISTRATION AND PLANNING
(KHU-701)
Section – A
[Link].1(A)Ans:-
Outline the elements of Human Resources:-
Recruitment & selection, performance management, learning &
development, succession planning, compensation and benefits,
Human Resources Information Systems, and HR data and analytics
are considered cornerstones of effective HRM.
[Link].1(B)Ans:-
Community-based organizations for rural development:-
CBOs are generally established with the motivation and support from
outside agencies such as state or other development agencies or even
large NGOs. Some CBOs have also emerged independently from within
local communities with the motivation and missionary zeal of indigenous
community leaders.
[Link].1(C)Ans:-
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana: -
RKVY scheme was initiated in 2007 as an umbrella scheme for ensuring
holistic development of agriculture and allied sectors. The scheme has
come a long way since its inception and has been implemented across
two plan periods (11th and 12th). The scheme incentivize States to
increase public investment in Agriculture & allied sectors.
[Link].1(D)Ans:-
Second Five-Year Plan (1956-61):-
The main objectives of the Second Plan are an increase of 25 per
cent in real national income over the five-year period 1956–57 to
1960–61; a large expansion of employment opportunities; rapid
industrialization; and reduction of economic inequalities.
[Link].1(E)Ans:-
Women Entrepreneurship in India:-
According to a report by Bain & Company, nearly 20% of enterprises
in India are owned by women. While the country is steering towards
transforming it’s economic and social development status through
women-owned businesses, several women dynamos have ascended
to fame with their stellar entrepreneurship skills. Image consulting,
e-commerce, science, entertainment, are just a few industries where
Indian women entrepreneurs have been smashing glass ceilings.
Section-B
[Link].2(A)Ans:-
NRLM Mission:-
“To reduce poverty by enabling the poor households to access gainful self-
employment and skilled wage employment opportunities, resulting in an appreciable
improvement in their livelihoods on a sustainable basis, through building strong
grassroots institutions of the poor.”
Guiding Principles of NRLM
1. The poor have a great desire to escape poverty, and they have inherent capabilities.
2. For unleashing the innate abilities of the poor, social mobilization and strong institutions
are necessary.
3. To induce social mobilization and build strong institutions and empower, an external
support structure is needed that is both dedicated and sensitive.
4. This upward mobility is supported by:
1. Enabling knowledge dissemination
2. Building skills
3. Credit access
4. Marketing access
5. Livelihood services access
[Link].2(B)Ans:-
Functions of Self Help Groups
They try to build the functional capacity of poor and marginalised sections of society in
the domain of employment and income-generating activities.
They offer collateral-free loans to sections of people that generally find it hard to get
loans from banks.
They also resolve conflicts via mutual discussions and collective leadership.
They are an important source of microfinance services to the poor.
They act as a go-through for formal banking services to reach the poor, especially in rural
areas.
They also encourage the habit of saving among the poor.
Need for Self Help Groups
One of the chief reasons for rural poverty is the lack of access or limited
access to credit and financial services.
The Rangarajan Committee Report highlighted four major reasons for lack of
financial inclusion in India. They are:
Inability to give collateral security
Weak credit absorption capacity
The insufficient reach of institutions
Weak community network
It is being recognised that one of the most important elements of credit
linkage in rural areas is the prevalence of sound community networks in
Indian villages.
SHGs play a vital role in giving credit access to the poor and this is extremely
crucial in poverty alleviation.
[Link].2(C)Ans:-
Critical modes of enquiry and practice in human resource development have
been taken up relatively recently in the field. It wasn’t until 2002-3 that
prominent conferences began to feature sessions exploring critical viewpoints.
However interest seems to have mobilized quickly in the years immediately
following, and by 2007 CHRD scholarship had burgeoned to the point where
Callahan (2007) claimed that it represented ‘a’ future of HRD research. Critical
human resource development is by now, argues McGuire and Garavan
(2011:5), ‘playing an important role in changing how HRD sees itself and
identifying whom it serves … bringing clarity to the field and helping it secure a
sustainable future’. Critical HRD also, as evidenced in the collection edited by
Stewart, Rigg and Trehan (2006), is a diffuse association of critical perspectives,
pedagogies, and declarations of what critical HRD means. These diverse
perspectives may be argued to share two commitments. First, CHRD generally
promotes critical analysis of power relations in work organizations, particularly
in the many taken-for-granted work practices that can reduce human
knowledge, relationships and identity to the dictates of productivity. Second,
CHRD tends to be oriented towards action that aims to address unfair
inequities and improve life and well being in work organizations. Naturally
tensions and dilemmas about what precisely is ‘critical’ and how to engage
critical learning flourish within CHRD as energetically as they do in the critical
social sciences more broadly. The aim is to offer a more diffuse and perhaps
less morally strident orientation to CHRD.
[Link].2(D)Ans:-
In general, a rural area or countryside is a geographic area that is located
outside towns and cities with less number of facilities like services and
amenities. “All population, housing, and territory not included within an urban
area. Whatever is not urban are considered rural.” (U.S. H.H.S). Rural areas as
those areas with a population of less than 49,000 (tier-3 to tier-6 cities) typical
rural areas have a low population density and small settlements (RBI). Almost
70% of India’s population living in rural areas contribute to a great chunk of the
Indian economy. In rural areas, a large number of populations are dependent
on agriculture for their income. Though different countries have different
definitions of rural for statistical and administrative purposes, all these rural
areas are equally important for the sustainable development of the country
and the rural system development should be considered as a part of the
country’s development. But due to a lack of concern for the development of
the rural system, people in these areas are plagued with many problems and
the rural system of the country is getting crippled day by day. To achieve the
overall development of the nation there is a need to concentrate more on the
rural areas to implement the policies and development measures. There are
several barriers to the development of the rural areas, to alarm the decision-
makers, policymakers, and planners regarding the challenges of the rural
system it is necessary to study the problems.