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Python Unit1

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jaypat15121996
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15 views39 pages

Python Unit1

Python notes

Uploaded by

jaypat15121996
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ne programing Language TE wa. created by Guide Yan Rossum and released im 1191 at "CHI" [centrum Wiskunde 4 anformoclica] Netherhand. ose, High level prograramning fyth ‘ Py thon is a General frp Language - + Python so dynamic (axa: Oe = Simple £ tasy +0 Leet - Platform Trelependent - Pree 4 Open Source, . 7 Totex preted. G bytecode ~Compi led) — Rich Library Support — Embeddable 4 extensible — Portable = Robust. (ole tyiioa © Wal) ee ee + Web Framework and applications * GUL - based desktop Applications. ‘ Graphic. clesign , image processing appli cections,, Games and sient (fe |eondultore applications. * Machine Leersring. i frstiticial. Intelligence, Neural Nehwo * Dala Science, Data Visualization. : © Thteenet shings (ToT) " + Database, clevelopment . © scanned with OKEN Scanner Vudhon vs Ober ot Tnclude. < stetionhy int main() printf (" Hello, World. | \n"); relurnos ay print (" Hello, World \") J publie class HelloWorld ¢ ublic static void main (shing Tl args) { system. outs pritln C"Hello, 3 world |"); 3 Firok progran in Python: 7a fe jC print (" Hello, world |") “Thput from user in Pythons or Taking input suom User, hame = input (" Entew owe name") print (’ "Hello," + name ) print Cpe Cname)) #Exeaue Entex. yowe name Python Hello , Python . , Ry defhutt © scanned with OKEN Scanner NJ st Fyeace Enteow a Tumber? [o jo Type Frror . Wyre Error; must he atr, Not ink. num = int ( input(" Ente a numbee:") ) print ( num) paint Chere (Mum)) num =num+2 print (num) . Note: Aloat , bool \ nies Heats Ba eciinal Value \o.0 120 tt Exeute Entec a number: lo = lo [> 12 F Flocet bool © scanned with OKEN Scanner abba it I} Nasdabla in, Fython fata vabues, Vastiabe, ase, containers ir. J Creating. vasiables thon has no command for cleclaxing a vasdable , A Vaniable is cxeated, the moment we first sign Q value do iz, 1. X=5 t" “Sohn” int (>) 4E output pt (4) Ss John 7 Sor do not need 4o be declared with any Aca duce and can even change i They shave been set. é “are ape C4. we ar xis of pe ink Total at x it of ape kr print) ae ouput Sal! Castin J ry T4 we want +o speci the data “tHpe of wu Vosuiable, this Can be done with Casting. é 4 x= str (3) = int (3) Z= loot (3) wink (x) + oubut ‘ '3) 3 print ap 7 pant (2) do © scanned with OKEN Scanner Get the Tybe @ can get the data type of a vasiable with the sanction. type 0-9 25S d x = "ah" output ink (type Cx)) pire (ype) K clays 'atr'> Single or Double Quotes ? + Qing Vasdiables can be declared, either by using single oy double quotes: eq x= "John" print (>) SF double quotes axe the 2ame as single quotes. x= ‘ohn’ paint & se output John 7 Sohn Case - Sensitive “Vasdable Name, ce Care - gencitive oF Qe4 d Az "Sally" print (a) oF ouput fu pant (4) ¢ © scanned with OKEN Scanner by {hon = Vasdable Names © A vasiabe can have a short name (like 9c and 1) OF & Move desesdblive nome (age, carneme, total schon) © Rules: "A vosdable name must gtaxt with a Lettee ov the Undeescere charactee- A vaxiable name cannot stout wrth @ number, "A \osiable name can onl contain alpha. —numesj Characters and unclesscores (A-z, 0-4 and—) * Vaiablehames axe, Case - sensitive Cage, Age ang AGE ase three, different vasiiables) A yastiable name cannot be. ant o the python Keywords Examples- Legal Vastable names: myvare= “John” my —Vase= 'Nohn® Tegal vasiable names amypVarw= "John" eVUe = "John = my-vas= "John" me Vae= "John" myvAaR = "Cohn" myvox2= "John" Multl Words Vasdable. Names + Vasdable Names with move than one word can be Aitti abt to read, + Te Axe geyeread, Aechniques we can use to make, them more readable: : Casnel we Each word, except the first Stosete Ut ° , a minis Hh a capital ty Vautiabletlame = "Tohn" © scanned with OKEN Scanner Vosral Case Fach word atasds with a capital Dettoes MuVauiableName = "John Snake Case Each word is separated bp an underscore cha ‘ TO Chee M4-Vatuable_ name “Tohn' Hython Vauiables- Aasan Niuttibie Yabuns Many values +o Multible vasdables : « Python allows us to assign values to multiple vardabk in one Line: Example: BYZ = "orange", "Banana" | "cher" print (x) print CY) ouput Orange paint (z) Banana, 4 Cher One Value 4o Multiple Vasiables . * we Can assign 4he same, Value +o muldtple, Vastiables in” one Dine: Examples M=Y4=Ze= "ore " pants a maint (4) tt Eaekce) ouput Oran * OFange. ora ne. © scanned with OKEN Scanner a ar ¥ Unpack a ollect1on | ; : : TP we hve aq Collectoon of values ina thst, uple ete. : Pythen allows Us 4o extract the valuer into vasdables, This is called, Lanpaing example: i 7 uit = [7 apple, *benara’, "Chere ] x, yz > fiutts int (2) ; oe outpe print (4) apple print @ nan Cherry ‘ The patton print function as oHen used to output Yasdabler ea. ve "python ty Qwesome" paint (yy 4 out Python is Quwesome, « In +he print (© Function, we ouput Atbarated. bt Q Comma: eq: Xe % Python" pe ist Z=" auresome" print (uy) multiple variates fF output : Python +b, awesome © scanned with OKEN Scanner e w in also uge the of operator to Oulpeat muldiNe vasdables: cag, X= " Python" toyed suprat Z = "dusesome" ap futhon ts Cwetor snk (x4y+ez tho prt Cxagte) l Note: he space characte. Abtese "Python" ane 0 is% he tesutt would be "ty thonis awe some } Op © for numbew, , he ct characker, works as @ mathematical, Operator: eq. q xyes «lo 4 output point ies +4) is © In he print) Function , when we +o Combine A sting and @ numbee wth the ch, Operators pythen will gi US an errors eq. X25 4 4e “doh” +f outpeck prink (x +4) Type tor + u ee opean ype ca) foo +3 tint! And ‘abe +The best way Ao output multiple yasdables fn the pinto funcon is to separate them with Commas, which even stupport ditfewent data. Type: eg xs = "John" prink CY) 4 oulpur 5 John © scanned with OKEN Scanner + Built-in Date T pes © VYawables can gore data of diferent ‘ype and di. flee Aypes can do diteuent things : Q@ ‘Text Types ar (*y efoutt] é Numexic pes: int, flak, Complex © Sequence Typos: Lick, tuple, ange @ Mabbing Type + click 6 Sek Types: sek, » Prozenseé @® Boolean ‘Types bool ‘ fe) Bin ‘pes: bytes, bytearay » mee None ‘Type: Nonelype Getting he Date. Type : et the date e. object using. the “te sthetion. “ ot *t t °y Sane e CX) Pink Copp ) ar output < class | int! > Setting the Data. Type Ce e In peer, the data value +o a, vasdable: ype ts get when we assign @ cn)? ol ® hin cptlo pale ae ouctput Hello World part (type cn) 4Clags ‘ste! > (2) int F=20 ink C7 ar odput 20 ink x) é rin ype”) © scanned with OKEN Scanner “) Ye-putpat 20 print (2 xclass ‘floats | sa age a r= ae output TF print (x) r «Class tcomplex!> rink ( i. ro paint (4ype")) t ['apple", "banana’, "cherry"] print (x) ae ocetpuet: print Care cx) Tepe’, ‘banana’, 'cherry'] 4ubie7 =~ zclass thist x=( " apple’, ” bara”, " cherry") pint oO ay outpul pint (Ayr >) (‘apply "banana, 'e her! ) class ‘suple’> Bange xz range(6) ¢ te owt ; aint (X) yrange (6 pint C4ype 0) ess range! > dict? * x= F"mame" s "Sohn", * age": 36} int (£) print (HERS cx) at output {iname! 'Sohn!, tage’ : 36} ont A Class 'etict'> ae aatae, xe 7" apple’, “banana”, “cherra"4 aint (©) +E output pint (ype?) L'apple!, ‘cheny!, | banana’ j Aclass 'set!> © scanned with OKEN Scanner : G xe drozenget( £ "apple, " banana", "cherry" ) punto paint ($ype0X) =p output ir jae {icherrg: apple! ,banarat my ; " can ¢ bod) Xclass ‘frozenset! > a Y= Wu print ae ocetpect pant Caype 9 True KClass, "bool! > aa urorre fa) tor “ye b" | “te owt fink CX ; aah mm pb’ Hello! print CY ») class "byte? mutable @ bylearra i? : = byt ig ae output a ) wt (' \x00\x00\x oo\xoa\x pant cL) by paint (44pe 2) clase ‘bytearray'> ix ya i ® _ memorpview 7 eo Ont te tke a= memory ( bytes (5)) tations prt athes ea int (x bytearray often nvelye, int (2) sroutput "creating neu’ ohgects print (4ype09) A memory. ak 0x 00B0RFADY is) Nonetype o's dol ahak represents the € owe Wage qhsonce. Ch a Value int CO) ae outpat pant Lipeeay Wone © scanned with OKEN Scanner Wybecasting. in Ty thon | ( © when performing. OPexations on data in Python » there are, Siluations whore. we a needs to Comyort “the data type 4 & Voutiable dnto He destred. type: ods © se Casting. | Type Conversion Methods of HP a ne | i F maton / Fp, - eee : Ty fe Castit aSU ipeeiy He oot Conversion of data Conversion of data types ‘types 4s done ig done, by the user auctomatt calle bt 9 Piython Fenplicit Type Casting 6 The dala *ypes ‘in Python have an order ‘in which hep Que “handled « ‘ cohen working wth vasdables of diferent dato. *4pes, the Ayton a eter customad cally Conwescts OL date 2 inte Higher order date bapes this J done to prevent deta dose. Goohes pri (dala ye a! fe) ine data type of B! type) mint data type ofc, types) d=ath © scanned with OKEN Scanner print ("the value of ds’) print (‘data type of d:', \ype ()) &= Wh pant C' the value of @:5 e) pert (tdata “ype of e:; “re cer) 4 oul pad dala ar of a: pgcie Horizontal fab CTA®) tate "Hello |+ World. |" peing(ext) ste Hello. World! © \b Backs pace xk = "Hello \bworld"” print Cht) fF HelloWorld | (7) \o00 ctl value xk M\HIO\ 4s \54\ 54\ 53" print (4xb)) AE Hello © scanned with OKEN Scanner Lyk vycan\pes\n6c\s6e OF” print (xk) 4 culpa: Hello ay \t fom feed go “hello world" pont (s) +t hellowe (d *T) \ —s mockwad 4 newline ignored , Bets sine boil, met foclude \ backblaghes or qaoline _ Chaxa de, peint(s) * (i) \a > pAscit bell (BEL) produce @ beep : \ sound ov @ visual s='Hello\e +E hello notification on pant (Ss) : inal} @ W.> see Vertical Tob Ww) s Hee world" 4 yptioworid pn Cs. © scanned with OKEN Scanner Lython- string methos's, Python has q get of built-in methods that We can Use on strings. Notes All aking methods felurn new values. They. do not cha, the. original airing. Ge Method Desert pion Capitalize) Conyexts the fisst character, to Upper case] Cosefold C) Convetg, ating into lowes Case Center C) Returns a centered, ating Count C) Returns the numbex of Himes a specified value occurs in a arring- encodec) Returns an encoded. version of the ating end ywisth C) Returng true bf the atsing ends wrth the | specified value exbandtabsc ) gets the tab size of the shine? fine C) Seasches the using for a. spedfied. value Gnd weluyns the” position Of where H was fend foumat( ) Posmat specified, values in a hing Yoomak-mapc) | fosnats Specified values in a. ateing indexc) Seaxches the ating fora specified value an iti i a ‘the position of whexe it was isalnumc) Returns True if all chaadoa y i Axe abbhanumedo, a a ieabphac) — |Retuxns True. iP alt ch i i P ee P Chawcten, in the abing Tgascitc) Rotusns True TF all chavactes In the, Sty ing OuE Ascii Characles,. © scanned with OKEN Scanner iodecimall) — Rehurng “ue if all characteny fh fhe abving come decimal tedigit i the stsing ane ate taieitierd = Sit oe Isidentizteet) Reluns True if she Shing Te an | Lentifion iglowert) Returns hue if all characiecs in the asing axe | pwern case. d wsnrumedcd | Returns True rf all Chsockees inthe skiing aut mumente isprintable Retusns Tue Jal Charades 4 dhe shi ae Printeible. ‘sepace) | Returrs Teue if all characte in the string ane wotittespaces. isttleQ) ae if the sing follows the rules of @ Teuppeo 4oinc) [Soins the elements ef an Hexable to -the end of the shsing tO | Returns Deke gust feck vetwion of the. string . Returns True if all Characters inthe. bing are Upper case Tower) | Convests a seeing into lowe cose IsteibC) | Returns a lePt trim yession of the string makestransc) | Relurns Q4ranslation fable fo be Wed fr translations HH @ diple whee the string. fe pated Thfo three, partition’) | Rehns ae tis Pas replaced) [Rejumns a ataing hoe a specified value GB veplaced wrth a apedHfied value. nd) | Searches the atsing Tov a spectfied vallue@ And reheng Ahe last position of where it was found + Findexc) | Seaseches dhe shring fora. Abeci fied vyadue and returns the last position TP ohoee it was found. rust Returns a sdaghe fuotifie voxion of the sting Tpasditiont) Returns A table where the abving 1s pucted into aeeae three ports. ¢ tf rsplit¢) splits, the sing at the specified. epurcator and tabrent a Aga © scanned with OKEN Scanner Inte a siti Sannin babipO Returns a right fim yeaion of the shirg . apt O aplittinesc) Stuckywithd) Splits the ming ak -the Specl fied, Atharator and relung a Oigk- gplits the ahing at tine breaks and seetusny Q Dist. Relums true if the sting atarts with the specified. yatue- : sip 0) Rettuns a tvimmed. veaion of the suing | Swapeased) | Swapcares , Ae wercore become uppeecase and : +itle ©) Converts the first character: a each word to upper case translatet) | Returns O translated. susdng. Upp] Convents a ebscing Tne uppercase zac) | Pill, the bag th & a specified. numbex. of 0 values Ot +he eginning © scanned with OKEN Scanner Puthon Ponlear 1 + Qooleans represent one, of wo valuess True ov fale : od 4 print (loa) + True Print (lo==4) false print (10<9) false shen we tun a. cendition in an if aintement, Python retuws True or False: Fe eq O=200 b=33 if bras paint ("b ds greatex than a") else: paint ("b ds not great ex than a") dk b Js not greater than, Eyaluate Values and, vasiepless “Me bod) Function allows us to evaluate any vatue and give ug hue ov False in return, eq @ Evaluate a eats and a number: )) priat C bool C" Hell 4b Toue pring ( bed (159) Teue Evalue too vosdables: x= “Hello” ae ae True sink ( bool (>) True. point ( dedl(4)) © scanned with OKEN Scanner | OE WANE Cre LUC, \ . value wig evatucted, to Te, if it hay some Almost anc Sort of content, * ang stsing is Taus,, except empty stsings * Any numbex. dis Toye , except o + Any tisk, duple, set and dtctionas¢ ane True» except empty one. eg. Te following will seturn Tues bool ("abc") bool C123 : boat C Te abl scherrg's arene’) oe True True Tue, Some, Values Qs false: e-g. The following. sill ~setusn False: bool (False) aie bool (None) False False ‘bool (0) aie bool C"") False best (0) false tol (2) es bool C43) one more value, or Objeck inthis care, evaduertes -to False and that is if we shave an object that ts made from a class with — len function that -relurng o or False. © scanned with OKEN Scanner class. myé lassO; def len Calf): yelumno ae oculpats False mycby = mychss() prnt (bos Comyohf)) funetions can Rela a Roslean, + WE CAN Create, functions Aha returns a Roolean value: eq. | det my function): reluyn True, eee print (my function) ewe Can execute Code based. on the Rodean answers of U Function: “4 . Paint" Yes|" if the Punetion yetusns True, otherwise print "Nol" s det my function: return) True de Yesh id myfunctionO)s pink yest") elses print ("No") + athen algo “Ras many builtin functions thak vetun a sean yotue , ke isinskaneO which can be used. to pees detesemine 4 an object ig of O Coutain data types eq. check ig an object isan integex ov nots t= 200 print ( Isinstance. (x, {nt)) +e Toue- © scanned with OKEN Scanner Pythen ppowaters ' Operetors ae (( NE t efor vali i ee Ised ty peeform opexalions on vastiabl eg 0 - + Pathon ctivides he operators fn the { © Arithmetic. Operators : Assignment ppereators © Compariizon Qpoxators © Logical Hpoealors Identity. 6p vrators + Membexship Opexcctors © Bitwise optwators. Python, fyithanedie epecaless, used. with numesde values to « Astthmetic Opeeators ase n perform Common mathemati cal opexcadions: lowing growpss operator | Name arp | + Addition x+y 2 print O44) - Subtraction | 43 #2 print(x-Y) *” Mubti plication x xe8 415 : print@txy) 7 / Division oly ay es print (x14) % Modulus Nf EES HEI : int AH) 4x Exponentiakion pane {=e 25 paint x 4) Baas oe frame ay 24282822 Il Floor Division alt 42 tet pa pane (aly a¢ Phorctiviclen fr pounds the resutt Nowy to We nearest © scanned with OKEN Scanner (i) yihoy Assignment Onewile . 1 | csignment bptealots Are, used -to assign values to variables, 1-5 potato 4S = X4+=3 eS 15 paaition — Lyd #e a csignmsnt) print (x) X-=3 = x3 es 4 2 Lee3 Y= X¥3 2534 4E IS iM OO xXpad t=% x= 16666664 ! 13 tos pal 169) Lh=d LEC 3 1+5 ; xyes te printor) x= = ce ll=3 x= X13) a I print ct) = =e =S 28 aS (EL, ens paintco =3 =th3 Xs a * x23 FI ) panten) xl=3 x= X13 x=5 xj=3 HF ) pinto) Az ped x= XS X= Chote a2 KOR ossignmyent) paint) >= T= = 7 = eit ist a | X= X>>d tO aor este print oo) Ka = LarX Greajex, than wry 4 3 pine (x4) He True & Less thot x “t a5 2 tint (% » . de false ase Greate than oF trey 3 eget, to i (2-4) ar Toe = Lew than oF 2 = 7 < i oF eqpol, | ez t es print(xc=¥) i A False Pathan Leica @pecaloss, - Lagical operators axe wed, fo combine conditional: opevaior | Desced’ption [ Eample ~ “and Retusns True tf beth [x5 and Kxto | T=5 Statements axe True PRint(X>3 and x< 10) HF True Returns True H One | xs ory za [xes ig of the statements A pink (2053 09 x4) is true tt True. © scanned with OKEN Scanner th oe . L | Taentity- Spreaders QO tuked fo Compare the obgects, Not if they Qe equ, but if they ie actual ji Mr the Same. absetks Worth the Same memory. locations Cpeeater | Deseseibtion Example : is Returns True 1 both ‘ X= PP aphle’, "banana" Yuuiables ace he some | ae aie ee Object. ee print (x is z) print (cis +9) paint Cx ==Y) - $e Tue False Tue Et | Relumns True if both . r=["abpl', banana’) ! isnot | Vasdiabsles ase, ot the & isnot y= Capt, “banana"} Same Obgeck. Lar sink (cis not z) pring (isnot yt) print (X1F yf) ae False, Prue False | / © scanned with OKEN Scanner Membeuchit prevented Operator Dercdbtion allen | Returns True FO sequence Ademaduts ane. fin an objects with the. split yale is pent ty the obfeck used to toat ifa Example sequence is x =["apple’ "banana print" banda! in x) - [tt True Returns True. 14 a sequincel x-[" apple’, "banara] usth the sbecistied yalue prink(* Fine ple! nok is Not present fn the in *) Obgeck ok True Futon aS Binary Gpeandors axe used 4o compar ( Binary )mumberss “ pptxator [Name Dacuiption Gxarrple ele z AND Sets each BE ToT TF AH [xe y [print (643) Ts bits axel HR y | OR _|sets each bi to 1 if one of alt print (63) Huo bits is | tha Hn A | KOR ‘Sets each Bik fo1 iF only one oc ~ fpsint (6%3) of two bits is | aS » ~ NoT Tnveds all the bits ne paint (3) eo il Fr Oy paling, zen ny <7 leviy ten ae ee leftmost bits fall ob 7 Shab WghE by. pwhing whe] int » sy nae [ot ae inte ei a peal ery Tight SNE Tine gett and det the HR Tighemest bits fall oy. © scanned with OKEN Scanner & gator prece Vence. devemiken dhe. ardor in which mpewati cretormed precedence Otclex. an deyemtbed in the fable. below, -ttuel'ag ah the highest precedence at the fop2— stor im. ide - Cyambl) aT + | farentheses nk((6+3)- (643) 9-9 sto 7 Expon entiation paint (Ioo- 3°*3) [oo + | ae 48 it Tx 7% | Unasy plus, uw minus and | print (loo-+ ~3) \oo-+ 4 | bikwige Not mt aC = | Maltiplication, clivision Ploorpivsoh pant (IOOFS*3) | aad ‘motusluy 5 7 Addition and sublackion — | pant (lo0- 5%3) ied ares i Bitwise lef and right” | prin (B42) a shifts +2 Bikwise AND paint (622-41) a= ot 2 ca is BitwiseyoR print (642 +1) 6430 ts +S m7 Bitwise OR paint (6] 2 +1) 5S ts cane —_ FF > >= €<-] Compasesons, identity. and | print (5=- 4+) Bees cnet in oin Mmembexshi p Speakers te True Not Logical NOT print (nok 5 ==5) # False and AND Paint Clor2and sy [(or3=1 31 or ORo [anrc Fors “Floor 8) ela © scanned wit h OKEN Scanner yn 2, tHe GAPE © Tf 4wo ppexaieer rave the same precedence, ¥ 1 on ts. evaluated fom left +o rights Exainple + Addition + and subbraction — has the same prececlence and jhecefore woe evaluate the exbyession {eam left to rights pant (SH 448) arg 2 9-4-2 . 243-5 © scanned with OKEN Scanner

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