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MATH 1018:WEEK 3
TODAY
• Basic Algebraic Operations
• 1.7 Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
• 1.8 Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions
• 1.9 Division of Algebraic Expressions
• 1.10 Solving Equations
• 1.11 Formulas and Literal Equations
• Week 3 - questions
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Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
• Algebraic Expressions
• Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and taking powers or
roots are known as algebraic operations.
• Any combination of numbers and literal symbols that results from
algebraic operations is known as an algebraic expression.
• Terms and factors
• When an algebraic expression consists of several parts connected by
plus signs and minus signs, each part (along with its sign) is known
as a term of the expression.
• If a given expression is made up of the product of a number of
quantities, each of these quantities, or any product of them, is
called a factor of the expression.
Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
• Polynomials
• A polynomial is an algebraic expression with only nonnegative
integer exponents on one or more variables, and has no variable in
a denominator.
• The degree of a term is the sum of the exponents of the variables
of that term, and the degree of the polynomial is the degree of
the term of highest degree.
• A multinomial is any algebraic expression of more than one term.
• Terms like 1⁄𝑥 and 𝑥 can be included in a multinomial, but not in a
polynomial. (Since 1⁄𝑥 = 𝑥 , the exponent is negative.)
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Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
• EXAMPLE
• Some examples of polynomials are as follows:
Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
• Monomial, binomial, trinomial
• A polynomial with one term is called a monomial.
• A polynomial with two terms is called a binomial, and one with
three terms is called a trinomial.
• The numerical factor is called the numerical coefficient (or simply
coefficient) of the term.
• EXAMPLE
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Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
• Simplifying expressions
• EXAMPLE
Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
• EXAMPLE
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Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
• EXAMPLE
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Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
• EXAMPLE
• EXAMPLE
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Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions
• Multiplying monomials
• EXAMPLE
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Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions
• Product containing power of a monomial
• EXAMPLE
• Product of monomial and polynomial
• EXAMPLE
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Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions
• Product of polynomials
• EXAMPLE
• Power of a polynomial
• EXAMPLE
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Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions
• EXAMPLE
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Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions
• Simplifying products
• EXAMPLE
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Division of Algebraic Expressions
• Dividing monomials
• EXAMPLE
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Division of Algebraic Expressions
• Dividing by a monomial
• EXAMPLE
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Division of Algebraic Expressions
• Dividing one polynomial by another
• EXAMPLE
• Perform the division (6𝑥 + 𝑥 − 2) ÷ (2𝑥 − 1).
• (This division can also be indicated in the fractional form )
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Division of Algebraic Expressions
• Quotient with a remainder
• EXAMPLE
• Perform the division . Because there is no x-term in the dividend,
we should leave space for any x-terms that might arise (which we will
show as 0x).
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Solving Equations
• An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic
expressions are equal. Any value of the unknown that produces
equality when substituted in the equation is said to satisfy the
equation and is called a solution of the equation.
• To solve an equation, we find the values of the unknown that
satisfy it.
• There is one basic rule to follow when solving an equation:
Perform the same operation on both sides of the equation.
• We may add the same number to both sides, subtract the same
number from both sides, multiply both sides by the same number
(not zero), or divide both sides by the same number (not zero).
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Solving Equations
• Basic operations used in solving
• EXAMPLE
• In each of the following equations, we may isolate x, and
thereby solve the equation, by performing the indicated
operation.
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Solving Equations
• EXAMPLE
• Solve the equation x - 7 = 3x – (6x – 8).
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Solving Equations
• EXAMPLE
• When finding the current i (in A) in a certain radio circuit, the following equation and
solution are used.
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Solving Equations
• RATIO AND PROPORTION
• The quotient a/b is also called the ratio of a to b. An equation
stating that two ratios are equal is called a proportion.
• EXAMPLE
• If the ratio of x to 8 equals the ratio of 3 to 4, we have the
proportion:
• We can solve this equation by multiplying both sides by 8. This gives
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Formulas and Literal Equations
•A formula (or literal equation) is an equation that
expresses the relationship between two or more related
quantities.
• EXAMPLE
• In Einstein’s formula 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐 , solve for m.
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Formulas and Literal Equations
• EXAMPLE
• A formula relating acceleration 𝑎, velocity 𝑣 , initial velocity 𝑣 , and
time is 𝑣 = 𝑣 + 𝑎𝑡. Solve for 𝑡.
• EXAMPLE
( )
• In the study of the forces on a certain beam, the equation 𝑊 =
is used. Solve for 𝑃.
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Formulas and Literal Equations
• EXAMPLE
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