PORTAL FRAMES

Job No: Sheet 1 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design
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Problem

Analyse and Design a single span portal frame with gabled roof. The frame
has a span of 15 m, the column height 6m and the rafter rise 3m. Purlins are
provided @ 2.5 m c/c.

D
5mc/ c
3m

C E

B F 6m 30 m

0.6 m 0.6 m
3.25 m
A G
15 m
15 m Load

1.0 Load Calculation

1.1 Dead Load

Weight of asbestos sheeting = 0.17 kN/m2

Fixings = 0.025 kN/m2
Services = 0.100 kN/m2
Weight of purlin = 0.100 kN/m2

Total load /m2 = 0.395 kN/m2

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 PORTAL FRAMES

Job No: Sheet 2 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design
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Dead load/m run = 0.395 * 5

= 1.975 kN / m
 2.0 kN/m
1.2 Live Load

Angle of rafter = tan-1 (3/7.5) = 21.80

From IS: 875 (part 2) – 1987; Table 2 (cl 4.1),

Live load / m run  0.75  0.02 (21.8  10) * 5
= 2.57 kN/m

1.3 Crane Loading

Overhead electric crane capacity = 300 kN

Approximate weight of crane girder = 300 kN

Weight of crab = 60 kN

The extreme position of crane hook is assumed as 1 m from the centre line of
rail. The span of crane is approximately taken as 13.8 m. And the wheel
base has been taken as 3.8 m

1.3.1 Vertical load

The weight of the crane is shared equally by four wheels on both sides. The
reaction on wheel due to the lifted weight and the crab can be obtained by
taking moments about the centreline of wheels.
( 300 + 60 ) 300
1m 6.9 m
B F
13.8 m

MB = 0

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 PORTAL FRAMES

Job No: Sheet 3 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design
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2 RF (13.8) = (300 + 60) * 1 + 300 * (6.90)

RF = 88 kN

MF = 0

2 RB (13.8) = (300 + 60) * (13.8-1) + 300 * (6.9)

RB = 242 kN

To get maximum wheel load on a frame from gantry girder BB', taking the
gantry girder as simply supported.

242 kN 242 kN
B' 3.8 m B
5m

Centre to centre distance between frames is 5 m c/c.

Assuming impact @ 25%

Maximum wheel Load @ B = 1.25 (242 (1 + (5-3.8)/5)

= 375 kN.

Minimum wheel Load @ B = (88 /242)*375

=136.4 kN

1.3.2 Transverse Load:

Lateral load per wheel = 5% (300 + 60)/2 = 9 kN

(i.e. Lateral load is assumed as 5% of the lifted load and the weight of the
trolley acting on each rail).
Lateral load on each column { EMBED Equation.3 } = 13.9 kN
(By proportion)

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 PORTAL FRAMES

Job No: Sheet 4 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design
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1.4 Wind Load

Design wind speed, Vz = k1 k2 k3 Vb

From Table 1; IS: 875 (part 3) – 1987

k1 = 1.0 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life)

From Table 2; IS: 875 (part 3) – 1987

k2 = 0.8 (assuming terrain category 4)

k3 = 1.0 (topography factor)

Assuming the building is situated in Chennai, the basic wind speed is

50 m /sec

Design wind speed, Vz = k1 k2 k3 Vb

Vz = 1 * 0.8 *1 * 50
Vz = 40 m/sec

Basic design wind pressure, Pd = 0.6*Vz 2

= 0.6 * (40)2
= 0.96 kN/m2

1.4.1. Wind Load on individual surfaces

The wind load, WL acting normal to the individual surfaces is given

by WL = (Cpe – Cpi ) A*Pd

(a) Internal pressure coefficient

Assuming buildings with low degree of

permeability Cpi =  0.2

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 PORTAL FRAMES

Job No: Sheet 5 of 30 Rev

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(b) External pressure coefficient

External pressure coefficient for walls and roofs are tabulated in Table 1 (a)
and Table 1(b)

1.4.2 Calculation of total wind load

(a) For walls

h/w = 6/15 = 0.4

L/w = 30/15 = 2.0 L h

Exposed area of wall per frame @ 5 m c/c w

is w
A = 5 * 6 = 30 m2
plan elevation
For walls, A pd = 30 * 0.96 = 28.8 kN

Table 1 (a): Total wind load for wall

Wind Cpe Cpi Cpe – Cpi Total wind(kN)

Angle (Cpe-Cpi )Apd
 Wind- Lee- Wind Lee Wind Lee
ward ward ward ward ward ward

00 0.7 -0.25 0.2 0.5 -0.45 14.4 -12.9

-0.2 0.9 -0.05 25.9 -1.4
900 -0.5 -0.5 0.2 -0.7 -0.7 -20.2 -20.2
-0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -8.6 -8.6

(b) For roofs

Exposed area of each sloping roof per frame @ 5 m c/c is

A 5* 3.02  7.5  40.4 m 2

2

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 PORTAL FRAMES

Job No: Sheet 6 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design
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For roof, Apd = 38.7 kN

Table 1 (b): Total wind load for roof

Wind Pressure Coefficient Cpe – Cpi Total Wind Load(kN)

angle (Cpe – Cpi) Apd
Cpe Cpe Cpi Wind Lee Wind Lee
ward ward ward ward
Wind Lee Int. Int.
00 -0.328 -0.4 0.2 -0.528 -0.6 -20.4 -23.2
-0.328 -0.4 -0.2 -0.128 -0.2 -4.8 -7.8
900 -0.7 -0.7 0.2 -0.9 -0.9 -34.8 -34.8
-0.7 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -19.4 -19.4

2.0 Equivalent Load Calculation

2.1 Dead Load

Dead Load = 2.0 kN/m

Replacing the distributed dead load on

rafter by equivalent concentrated loads at
two intermediate points on each rafter,

{ EMBED Equation.3 }

2.2 Superimposed Load

Superimposed Load = 2.57 kN/m 15 m

Concentrated load , { EMBED Equation.3 }

Job No: Sheet 7 of 30 Rev

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2.3 Crane Load

Maximum Vertical Load on columns = 375 kN (acting at an eccentricity of

600 mm from column centreline)

Moment on column = 375 *0.6 = 225 kNm.

Minimum Vertical Load on Column = 136.4 kN (acting at an eccentricity of

600 mm)

Maximum moment = 136.4 * 0.6 = 82 kNm

3.0 Partial Safety Factors

3.1 Load Factors

For dead load, f = 1.35

For major live load, f = 1.5
For minor live load, f =
1.05

3.2 Material Safety factor

m = 1.15

4.0 Analysis

In this example, the following load combinations are considered, as they are
found to be critical.

Similar steps can be followed for plastic analysis under other load
combinations.

(i) 1.35D.L + 1.5 C .L + 1.05 W.L

Job No: Sheet 8 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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(ii) 1.35 D.L + 1.5 C.L+ 1.05 L.L

4.1. 1.35 D.L + 1.5 C.L+ 1.05 W.L

4.1.1Dead Load and Wind Load

(a) Vertical Load

w @ intermediate points on windward side

w = 1.35 * 5.0 – 1.05 *(4.8/3) cos21.8

= 5.2 kN.
w 5.2
@ eaves   2.6
kN 2 2
w @ intermediate points on leeward side

w = 1.35 * 5.0 – 1.05 * 7.8/3 cos21.8

= 4.2 kN
w 4.2
@ eaves   2.1
kN 2 2
Total vertical load @ the ridge = 2.6 + 2.1 = 4.7 kN

b) Horizontal Load

H @ intermediate points on windward side

H = 1.05 * 4.8/3 sin 21.8

= 0.62 kN

Job No: Sheet 9 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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H/2 @ eaves points = 0.62/2 = 0.31 kN

H @ intermediate purlin points on leeward side

= 1.05 * 7.8 /3 sin 21.8
= 1 kN
H/2 @ eaves = 0.5 kN

Total horizontal load @ the ridge = 0.5 - 0.31 = 0.19 kN

Table 3: Loads acting on rafter points

Vertical Load (kN) Horizontal Load (kN)

Intermediate Windward Leeward Windward Leeward
Points 5.2 4.2 0.62 1.0
Eaves 2.6 2.1 0.31 0.5
Ridge 4.7 0.19
4.1.2 Crane Loading

Moment @ B = 1.5 * 225 = 337.5 kNm

Moment @ F = 1.5 * 82 = 123 kNm
Horizontal load @ B & @ F = 1.5 * 13.9 = 20.8 kN

Note: To find the total moment @ B and F we have to consider the moment
due to the dead load from the weight of the rail and the gantry girder. Let us
assume the weight of rail as 0.3 kN/m and weight of gantry girder as 2.0
kN/m
 2  0.3 
Dead load on the column = * 5  5.75 kN
 
 2 
Factored moment @ B & F = 1.35 * 5.75 * 0.6 = 4.6 kNm

Job No: Sheet 10 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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Total moment @ B = 337.5 + 4.6 = 342 kNm

@ F = 123 + 4.6 = 128 kNm

4.7 kN

5.2 kN 0.19 kN
4.2 kN
0.62 kN
5.2 kN 1.0 kN
0.62 kN 4.2 kN 3m
1.0 kN
2.6 kN 2.1 kN
0.31 kN 0.5 kN

342 128
6m
20.8 kN 20.8 kN

3.25 m

27.2 kN 1.5 kN
15 m

Factored Load (1.35D.L+1.5 C.L +1.05 W.L)

4.2 1.35 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 L.L

4.2.1 Dead Load and Live Load

@ intermediate points on windward side = 1.35 * 5.0 + 1.05 * 6.4

= 13.5 kN
@ ridge = 13.5 kN

@ eaves = 13.5 / 2  6.8 kN.

Job No: Sheet 11 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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4.2.2 Crane Load

Moment @ B = 342 kNm

Horizontal load @ B = 20.8 kN

Moment @ F = 128 kNm

Horizontal load @ F = 20.8 kN

13.5 kN
13.5 kN 13.5 kN
13.5 kN 13.5 kN
3m
6.8 kN

342 128
6m
20.8 kN 20.8 kN
3.25 m

15 m

Factored Load (1.35 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 L.L)

4.3 Mechanisms

We will consider the following mechanisms, namely

(i) Beam mechanism

(ii) Sway mechanism
(iii) Gable mechanism and
(iv) Combined mechanism

Job No: Sheet 12 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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4.3.1 Beam Mechanism

(1) Member CD

Case 1: 1.35 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 W.L

4.7 kN
5.2 kN 0.19 kN

0.62 kN
5.2 kN /2
0.62 kN
2.6 kN
0.31 kN 

Internal Work done, Wi = Mp + Mp (/2) + Mp ( + /2)

= Mp(3)

External Work done, We = 5.2 * 2.5 - 0.62 * 1 *  +5.2 * 2.5 * /2 – 0.62
* 1 * /2
= 18.6

Equating internal work done to external work done

Wi = We
Mp (3) = 18.6

Mp = 6.2 kNm

Case 2: 1.35 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 W.L

Internal Work done, Wi = Mp ( +/2 +  + /2)

W i = M p 3
Job No: Sheet 13 of 30 Rev
Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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13.5 kN

13.5 kN

13.5 kN
/2
6.8 kN


External work done, We = 13.5 * 2.5  + 13.5 *2.5/2

= 50.6

Equating Wi = We,

Mp (3) = 50.6 

Mp = 16.9 kNm

Note: Member DE beam mechanism will not govern.

(2) Member AC

Internal Work done,

342 kNm 
 11   11 
Wi  M pè  M p  è  è  M p è
 13   13  20.8 kN

 3.69 M pè
11 /13

27.2 kN

Job No: Sheet 14 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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External Work done,

11 11 1  11 
We  20.8 *3.25* è  342 * è  * 27.2 * 3.25 è
13 13 2 13
 
 383.9è

Equating Wi = We, we get

3.69 Mp = 383.9 

Mp = 104.1 kNm.

(3) Member EG
342 kNm
Internal Work done, 
 11   11 
Wi  M pè  M p è  è Mp è
   
 13   13  20.8 kN
 3.69 M pè

11 /13

External Work done, 21.2 kN

11 1  11 
We  20.8* 3.25* è  342 * è  (21.2) * 3.25 è
 
13 2  13 
 428.3è
Equating Wi = We, we get

3.69 Mp = 428.3

Job No: Sheet 15 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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Mp = 116.1 kNm

For members AC & EG, the 1st load combination will govern the failure
mechanism.

4.3.2 Panel Mechanism

Case 1: 1.35 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 W.L

4.7
0.19
5.2 4.2
0.62 1.0
5.2 4.2
0.62 1.0
2.6 2.1
0.31 0.5

342 kNm 
 128 kNm
20.8 kN 20.8 kN


27.2 kN  1.5 kN

Internal Work done, Wi = Mp () + Mp () + Mp () + Mp ()

= 4Mp

External Work done, We

We = 1/2 (27.2) * 6 + 20.8 * 3.25 + 342 - 0.31 * 6 - 0.62 * 6 -

0.62 (6)+ 0.19 * 6 + 1.0 *6 + 1.0 * 6 + 0.5 * 6+1/2 (1.5) *
6 + 20.8 * 3.25 - 128 * 

= 442.14

Job No: Sheet 16 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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Equating Wi = Wc, we get

4Mp = 442.14

Mp = 110.5 kNm

The second load combination will not govern.

4.3.3 Gable Mechanism

Case 1: 1.35 D.L + 1.05 W.L + 1.5 C.L

4.7 
5.2 0.194.2 
0.62
5.2 1.0
4.2
0.62 1.0
2.6  2.1
0.31 0.5

342 kNm
128 kNm
20.8 kN 20.8 kN

27.2 kN

1.5 kN
Internal Work done = Mp + Mp2 + Mp (2) + Mp = 6Mp

External Work done, We =

-0.62 * 1 *  - 0.62 * 2 * + 0.19 * 3 *  + 1.0 * 4 *  + 1.0 * 5 *  + 0.5
*
6 *  + 5.2 * 2.5 *  + 5.2 * 5 *  + 4.7 * 7.5 *  + 4.2 * 5 *  + 4.2 *
2.5 *
 + ½ * 1.5 * 6 + 20.8 * 3.25 *  - 128*

We = 60.56
Job No: Sheet 17 of 30 Rev
Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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Equating Wi = We, we get

6Mp = 60.56

Mp = 10.1 kNm.

Case 2: 1.35 D.L + 1.05L.L + 1.5 C.L

13.5 
13.5 13.5 
13.5 13.5
6.8

6.8

342 128

20.8 kN 20.8 kN


Internal Work done, Wi = Mp + Mp (2) + Mp (2) + Mp =6Mp

External Work done, We

= 13.5 * 2.5* + 13.5 * 5 *  + 13.5 * 7.5 + 13.5 * 5 *  + 13.5 *

2.5 - 128 *  + 20.8 * 3.25
= 243.4

Equating Wi = We, we get

6Mp = 243.4

Mp = 40.6 kNm

Job No: Sheet 18 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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4.3.4 Combined Mechanism

Case1: 1.35 D.L + 1.05 W.L + 1.5 C.L

(i)  /2
 /2

12 m

4.7

5.2 0.19
0.62 4.2
5.2 1.0
0.62 4.2
1.0
2.6 2.1
0.31 0.5

342 kNm
128 kNm
20.8 kN 20.8 kN

 /2
27.2 kN 1.5 kN

Internal Work done, Wi = Mp ( ) + Mp ( + /2) + Mp (/2 + /2) + Mp (/2)

= Mp ( +  +/2 + /2 + /2 +/2 + /2)
= 4 Mp
External Work done, We=
1/2 * 27.2 * 6 + 20.8 * 3.25*  + 342 - 0.31 * 12 * /2 - 0.62 * 11 * /2
- 0.62 * 10 */2 + 0.19 * 9 * /2 + 1.0 * 8 *  /2 + 1.0 * 7 *  /2 + 0.5 * 6*
/2 + 1/2 (1.5) * 6/2 + 20.8 * 3.25 * /2 - 128 * /2 – 5.2 * 2.5 * /2 – 5.2 *
5.0 * /2 – 4.7 * 7.5 * /2 – 4.2 * 5 * /2 – 4.2 * 2.5 * /2
= 411.86
Job No: Sheet 19 of 30 Rev
Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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Equating Wi = We

4Mp = 411.86

Mp = 102.9 kNm

(ii) Internal work done, Wi = Mp  /2 + Mp ( /2 +/2) + Mp ( /2 +  )

+Mp
Wi = 4Mp

 /2  /2

12 m

4.7

5.2 0.19
0.62 4.2
5.2 1.0
0.62 4.2
1.0
2.6 2.1
0.31 0.5

342 kNm
128 kNm
20.8 kN 20.8 kN

 /2
27.2 kN  1.5 kN

Job No: Sheet 20 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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External Work done,
è è 1 è è è
We  20.8* 3.25*  342*  * 27.2 * 6  0.31* 6*  0.62* 7*
 
2 2 2 2 2 2
è è è è è
 0.62* 8*  0.19* 9*  5.2* 2.5*  5.2* 5.0*  4.7 *7.5*  1.0*
è
10* 2 2 2 2 2 2
è è è è
 1.0* 11*  0.5* 12*  4.2* 5.0*  4.2* 2.5*  20.8* 3.25 è 
128* è 2 2 2 2
1
 * 1.5* 6è
2
= 251.35

Equating Wi = We, we get

4Mp = 251.35

Mp = 62.84 kNm

(iii)
/6 /6

36 m

4.7
5.2
0.62 0.19
5.2 4.2 1.0
0.62 4.2
2.6 1.0
2.1
0.31 0.5
342 kNm
128 kNm
20.8 kN 20.8 kN

27.2 kN 5/6  1.5 kN

Job No: Sheet 21 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

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Internal work done, Wi

 5è   è 5è  è 
 Mp Mp  Mp  è  M p (è )
     
 6  6 6  6 

 4M pè

External Work done, We =

 5è  5è 1 5è 5è è
20.8*3.25*    342 *  * 27.2 * 6*  0.31* 6*  0.62* 35*
6 6 2 6 6 6
 
è è è è
 0.62* 34* 0.19*33*  1.0* 34*  1.0 * 35* 0.5* 36*
è
6 6 6 6 6
è è è è
 5.2* 12.5*  5.2* 10*  4.7 *7.5*  4.2* 5.0*  4.2*
è
2.5* 6 6 6 6 6
1
 20.8* 3.25* è 128*è  (1.5)(6 * è)
2
We = 390.92

Equating Wi = We, we get

4Mp = 390.92

Mp = 97.7 kNm

(iv) Internal Work done,

2   2 è è 
Wi  M p è Mp è  Mp è  M p
     
è 
3  3 3  3 
 4M pè
Job No: Sheet 22 of 30 Rev
Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

Version 36 - {PAGE
 PORTAL FRAMES

Design Project Worked Example: 1

Made By Date
PU
Checked By Date
Calculation Sheet
VK

 /3  /3

18 m

4.7
5.2
0.62 0.19
5.2 4.2 1.0
0.62 4.2
2.6 1.0
0.31 2.1
0.5

342 kNm
128 kNm
20.8 kN
20.8 kN

2/3 
27.2 kN 1.5 kN

External Work done, We =

2  2 1 2  2 
20.8*3.25* è  342 * è  * 27.2 * 6* è  0.31* 6* è
     
 2 3  3è 2 è  3  2  3 2
 0.62*7 * è 0.62* 16*  0.19*15*  
 
 3  3 3 5.2* 2.5*3 è 5.2* 5*3 è
è è è è è è
 4.7*7.5*  0.19* 15*  1.0* 16*  1.0* 17 * 0.5* 18*  4.2*5.0*
 3è  3 3 1 3 3 3
 4.2* 2.5  20.8* 3.25*è  128* è  (1.5)* 6è
 
 3 2
We  328.3è

Equating Wi = We, we get

4Mp = 328.3

Mp = 82.1 kNm
Structural Steel Job No: Sheet 23 of 30 Rev
Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

Version 36 - {PAGE
 PORTAL FRAMES

Worked Example: 1
Design Project Made By Date
PU
Checked By Date
Calculation Sheet VK
Case 2: 1.35 D.L + 1.05 L.L + 1.5 C.L

(i) Assuming plastic hinge is formed @ purlin point 2 and 7 and at fixed
supports.

/6 /6

36 m

13.5
13.5 13.5
13.5 13.5
6.8 6.8

342 128

20.8 kN 20.8 kN

5 /6 5/6

 5è   5è è  è 
Internal Work done  M p Mp  Mp è M
è
  p    
 6   6 6 6 

 4M pè

Job No: Sheet 24 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

Version 36 - {PAGE
 PORTAL FRAMES

Worked Example: 1
Design Project Made By Date
PU
Checked By Date
Calculation Sheet VK
External Work done =We
 5è   5è  è  è 
20.8 *3.25*  342 *  13.5 *12.5 *  13.5* 10* 
       
 6  è 6  è 6 6
è 
13.5*7.5*  13.5 *5.0*  13.5 * 2.5*  20.8 * 3.25*è  128è
6 6 6
 
 365.3è

Equating Wi =We, we get

4Mp = 365.3

Mp = 91.3 kNm

(ii) Plastic hinge is formed @ 3 and 7

/3 /3

18 m

13.5
13.5 13.5
13.5 13.5
6.8 6.8

342 128
20.8 kN 20.8 kN 
2/3 2/3

Job No: Sheet 25 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

Version 36 - {PAGE
 PORTAL FRAMES

Worked Example: 1
Design Project Made By Date
PU
Checked By Date
Calculation Sheet VK
Internal work done,
2  2   
W M  M   M   M 
i p   p   p   p
3  3 3  3 
 4M p

External Work done, We=

2  2 2 2
20.8 * 3.25* è  342 * è 13.5 *2.5* è  13.5*5.0 * è  13.5 *7.5
è 
  *
3 3 3 3 3
 
è è
13.5*5.0*  13.5*2.5 *  20.8* 3.25è 128
3 3
 347.7è

Equating Wi = We, we get

4Mp = 347.7

Mp = 86.9 kNm

(iii) Plastic hinged is formed at 4 and 7

è è è  è 
Internal Work done  M p Mp  Mp è  M pè
     
2 2 2  2 

 4 M pè

Job No: Sheet 26 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

Version 36 - {PAGE
 PORTAL FRAMES

Worked Example: 1
Design Project Made By Date

PU
Calculation Sheet Checked By Date
VK

/2 /2

12 m

13.5
13.5 13.5
13.5 13.5
6.8 6.8

342 128

20.8 kN 20.8 kN

/2 /2

External Work done, We =

    
20.8* 3.25*  342*  13.5* 2.5*  13.5* 5.0 *  13.5 *7.5*
2 2 2 2 2
 
 13.5* 5.0*  13.5* 2.5*  20.8* 3.25 128
2 2
 296.3

Equating Wi = We

4Mp = 296.3

Mp = 74 kNm
Job No: Sheet 27 of 30 Rev
Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

Version 36 - {PAGE
 PORTAL FRAMES

Worked Example: 1
Design Project Made By Date
PU
Checked By Date
Calculation Sheet VK

(iv) Plastic hinge is formed @ 5 and

7 Internal Work Done,Wi =

è è 
Mp Mp  è  M p è  è   M p è 
   
2 2 

Wi 5 M pè

13.5   6m
13.5
13.5
13.5 13.5

6.8

342 128

20.8 kN /2 20.8 kN

/2 

External Work done, We=

è  è  è  è 
20.8*3.25*  342 *  13.5* 2.5*  13.5* 5.0* 
       
  2 2 2
è2 
13.5*7.5* 13.5* 5.0* è  13.5*2.5è  20.8* 3.25*è  128è
 
2
We  346.9è

Job No: Sheet 28 of 30 Rev

Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

Version 36 - {PAGE
 PORTAL FRAMES

Worked Example: 1
Design Project Made By Date
PU
Checked By Date
Calculation Sheet VK
Equating Wi = We

5Mp = 346.9 * 

Mp = 69.4 kNm

Design Plastic Moment = 116.1 kNm.

5.0 DESIGN

For the design it is assumed that the frame is adequately laterally braced
so that it fails by forming mechanism. Both the column and rafter are
analysed assuming equal plastic moment capacity. Other ratios may
be adopted to arrive at an optimum design solution.

5.1 Selection of section

Plastic Moment capacity required= 116 kNm

Required section modulus, Z = Mp/ fyd

  116*106  
 
  250 
1.15
 533.6* 10 3 mm 3
From IS: 800-1984 (Annexure F)

ISMB 300 @ 0.46 kN/ m provides

Zp = 683 * 10-3 mm3

b = 140 mm
Ti = 13.1 mm
A = 5.87 * 10 3 mm2
tw =7.7 mm
rxx =124 mm
ryy =28.6 mm
Job No: Sheet 29 of 30 Rev
Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design

Version 36 - {PAGE
 PORTAL FRAMES

Worked Example: 1
Design Project Made By Date
PU
Checked By Date
Calculation Sheet VK

5.2 Secondary Design Considerations

5.2.1 Check for Local buckling of flanges and webs

Flanges

bf
136T1 f
y

bf = 140/2 = 70 mm

T1 = 13.1 mm

t = 7.7 mm
bf 70
  5.34  8.6
T1 13.1

Web
d1 1120 1600  P 
   
t  f y f y  Py 
 
300  1120 1600 
  0.27 
7.7  250y 250y 
38.9  68,Hence O.K

5.2.2 Effect of axial force

Maximum axial force in column, P = 40.5 kN

Job No: Sheet 30 of 30 Rev
Structural Steel Job Title: Portal Frame Analysis and Design
Worked Example: 1

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 PORTAL FRAMES

Made By Date
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Checked By Date
VK
Calculation Sheet

Axial load causing yielding, Py = fyd * A

250
  5.87*103
1.15
 1276 kN
P 40.5
  0.03  0.15
Py 1276

Therefore the effect of axial force can be neglected.

5.2.3 Check for the effect of shear force

Shear force at the end of the girder = P- w/2

= 40.5 -6.8 kN
= 33.7 kN

Maximum shear capacity Vym, of a beam under shear and moment is given by

Vym = 0.55 Aw* fyd / 1.15

= 0.55 * 300* 7.7* 250/1.15

=276.2 kN>> 33.7 kN

Hence O.K.

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