CIRCULATION PARKING

ACCESSIBILITY TRANSPORT

Group 3
G Raksha | Hena Afreen | Minha anees | niranjan s r | Rhithik Raj | Kezia mary
CIRCULATION
 CIRCULATION
Intentional layout of pathways and spaces to ensure efficient movement of people
and materials.
Improves the functionality and safety of a structure.

ELEMENTS OF CIRCULATION
The various elements of circulation are:

Approach
Entrance
Configuration of path
Path-Space Relations
Form of Circulation Space
 APPROACH

The Mill Owners Association Building,Ahmedabad

FRONTAL

OBLIQUE
Glass House, Philip Johnson

SPIRAL
The David and Gladys Wright House, Frank Lloyd
FORM SPACE AND ORDER| D C CHING
Entrance & Entry

Recessed Flush Projecting

Maricopa Campus,Central Arizona College

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Casa Arm, OOIIO Architecture Wainwright Building, Missouirie
CONFIGURATION OF PATH
Refers to alignment of the path.

LINEAR
Straight path that can be the primary organizing element
for a series of spaces.

Hansol Museum, Gangwon Province designed by Tadao Ando

RADIAL
Linear paths extending from or terminating from
a common central point.

The National War Memorial in New Delhi, Webe Design Lab, Chennai
 .

SPIRAL
Single Continuous path originating from central
point.

Audemars Piguet's spiraling museum designed by Bjarke Ingels

GRID
Consists of two sets of parallel paths that intersect
at regular intervals.

Tagus Linear Park, Topiaris Landscape Architecture firm

 NETWORK
Connect established points in the space.

‘Infinity path’, The Bredaphoto Festival,, Rotterdam , The MVRDV

COMPOSITE: A combination of the above mentioned

paths, in any ratio
PATH SPACE RELATIONS

PASS BY SPACES

PASS THROUGH SPACE

TERMINATE IN A SPACE
FORM OF CIRCULATION SPACE

ENCLOSED
The path has vertical planes such as walls,
doors or windows on both sides of the path

ONE SIDE OPEN

The path contains an open space on one side
such as balcony or gallery.

BOTH SIDES OPEN

The path is not blocked by any vertical planar
element on either side.
 CIRCULATION
Based on Direction

Horizontal Vertical
Connection: Spaces on the same level Connection: Between different levels
Function: Ease of movement, Function: Efficient access, Spatial
accessibility, spatial flow. heirarchy and accessibilty
Modern Art Museum of Medellin by 51-1 Arquitectos K
 PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

Design for campus safety involves bringing together landscape, architecture, and wayfinding to naturally control
pedestrian circulation and ensure safe passage around, and for, vehicular traffic

Prevent pedestrians from passing behind and between buildings or in other ‘blind spots’ that could pose a risk
in terms of visibility and their safety.

Placing parking and vehicular circulation away from the center of campus to foster a more active campus
core and prevent outsiders from being able to quickly enter and exit common spaces

K
STANFORD UNIVERSITY

LOCATION : STANFORD, CALIFORNIA

YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION: 1885

ARCHITECT: FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED

ARTHUR PAGE BROWN
The master plan enhances the pedestrian providing
safe and accessible circulation networks.
 ,

Service access routes (narrow vehicular streets on campus as well as pedestrian-priority routes that require card-control
access for slow-speed vehicles) are designed to provide vehicular access to all buildings and loading bays on campus.
TRANSPORTATION
Road Section Design

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Case study

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IIM Ahmedabad
Location: Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Architect: Louis Kahn
Built Year: 1962-1974
Type: Educational campus

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Titan Integrity Campus
Location: Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Architect: Mindspace Architects
Built Year: 2014
Type: Corporate Campus

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Road Heirachy
Vehicular road
Pedestrian road
Service roads for maintenance.

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IIM Ahmedabad

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 Titan Integrity Campus,
Bangalore

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[Link]
Building seperation

Peripheral road section of IIM, Ahmedabad

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IIM Ahmedabad

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 Titan Integrity Campus,
Bangalore

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[Link]
 Titan Integrity Campus, Bangalore

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[Link]
 Titan Integrity Campus, Bangalore

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[Link]
 STANDARDS

Pedestrian Pathways:
Minimum width: 1.5 meters. However, wider pathways (2–3 meters) are preferable in high-traffic areas
to ensure comfort and safety for pedestrians.
Vehicular Roads:
For single-lane roads: Minimum width should be 3.5 meters.
For two-lane roads: The minimum width is typically 7 meters.
For multi-lane roads, the width increases depending on the number of lanes, but each lane typically
requires a width of 3.5 meters.
Bicycle Paths:
Minimum width: 1.5 meters, though a width of 2 meters is recommended for more comfort and safety in
high-traffic areas.

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Kerala Municipal Building Rules, 2019
Turning Radius

For Passenger Vehicles (Cars):

Minimum turning radius: 5 meters (standard cars).
Ideal turning radius: 6–8 meters for smooth turns and to accommodate larger vehicles like SUVs.
For Buses and Larger Vehicles:
Minimum turning radius: 12 meters (buses and trucks).
Ideal turning radius: 15–18 meters for smooth movement and to prevent sharp turns.
For Bicycle Paths:
The turning radius for bicycle lanes should be no less than 3 meters, though more generous radii (e.g.,
4–5 meters) are recommended to ensure smooth and safe turns for cyclists.

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 Lane width & length

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Junbin Xua , Zhiyong Zhanga , Jian Ronga: The Campus Road Planning and Design Research - 2012
 Lane width & length

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Junbin Xua , Zhiyong Zhanga , Jian Ronga: The Campus Road Planning and Design Research - 2012
 Lane width & length
The motor vehicle speed is significantly influenced by lane length rather than lane width.
To ensure campus motor vehicle speed remains at or below 30 km/h, both lane width and length should
be considered for safety.
The car road width should not exceed 9 meters.
For a 5-meter wide traffic lane, the recommended path length is 150 meters.
For traffic lanes of 6.5 meters and 7 meters, the path length should also be around 150 meters, based
on the 5-meter reference lane.
If the road length between two functional areas exceeds 150 meters, consider adding speed-reducing
measures, such as speed bumps or zones, to ensure campus safety.

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Junbin Xua , Zhiyong Zhanga , Jian Ronga: The Campus Road Planning and Design Research - 2012
PARKING
STANDARDS
KERALA MUNICIPALITY BUILDING RULES 2019

For parking motor cars:

min area -15 sq. meters
min length - 5.5 m.
Drive way shall have a width not less than 3 metres.
Width of Ramp for driveway for one-way direction -3.5metres
min 5.5 metres for two-way direction.
At curves it shall not be less than 4 metres and 6 metres respectively.
Slope of such ramps shall not be steeper than 1: 7.
The width of vehicular passage for rows of parking for motor cars shall not be less than 4.5 metres.

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 STANDARDS
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE 2016

For buildings of commercial, industrial and storage, a space of 3.5m x 7.5m for each 1000m2 floor area for
unloading
For basement parking, two ramps of adequate width and slope preferebly at two ends.
Off street parking space:
CAR - 3m x 6m (individual) & 2.75m x 5m (common).
2 WHEELER - Not less than 1.25 m2.
BICYCLE - Not less than 1 m2.
A parking space open on one side, allowing room for individuals in wheelchairs or individuals on braces and
crutches to get in and out of an automobile onto a level surface, is adequate.
minimum width of 2 700 mm - ambulant disabled
minimum 3 000 mm - wheel chair users.

-
Reasons for Failed Parking areas

Insufficient parking lots at rest areas - parking at entrance/exit ramps, & other

unauthorized areas.

Unclear function orientations of the parking lots.

Poor location of the area.

Inadequate maintenance

Volume 9, Issue 7 - International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology.

TECHNOLOGY
Multi-level car parking system (MLCPS)

Segregated zones for two-wheelers, four-wheelers, staff, students, and visitors.

Mobile apps or RFID systems for slot reservation and real-time tracking of available spaces.

Inter-campus electric or CNG shuttle services to reduce individual vehicle usage.

Using permeable surfaces, trees for shade, and solar lighting in parking areas to enhance sustainability.
TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTED CAMPUS

1. IIT BOMBAY

Introduced shuttle services (Tum tum) and

designated parking zones.

2. Manipal University, Jaipur

Manipal University: Implemented RFID-based access control and

prioritized parking for faculty and EV users.
Solar Parking.

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 Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune, India

Steps involved in creating a parking space proposal for the campus:

1 LITERATURE SURVEY

4 PROPOSAL

2 DATA COLLECTION

5 CONCLUSION

3 DATA ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS AND PROPOSAL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PARKING FACILITY AT MIT COLLEGE CAMPUS
Rajat Boob (Construction & Management) A.P. Biswas (Assistant Professor, Civil Department,) Volume 9, Issue 7 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology
 The process involved:

1. DATA COLLECTION
Utility Plan of MIT College is collected from MIT planning
department.
traffic flow of MIT college observed.

2. ASSESSMENT OF AREA
Distance from Front Gate of MIT college campus to Back Gate parking
Distance measurements from Back gate road to North East parking block
Distance of Back gate parking from back gate road
Maharashtra State Building Bye Laws (Parking Standards).

3. ANALYSIS
Traffic volume counts were conducted on different days to determine the number of vehicles parked on campus,
the college's maximum parking capacity, and the surplus vehicles without parking facilities.

ANALYSIS AND PROPOSAL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PARKING FACILITY AT MIT COLLEGE CAMPUS
Rajat Boob (Construction & Management) A.P. Biswas (Assistant Professor, Civil Department,) Volume 9, Issue 7 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology
4. CALCULATIONS OF THE TIME REQUIREMENT

Reach Back Gate Parking From Main Road. Reach Back Gate Parking From back Road.

5.. CALCULATIONS FOR DISTANCE SAVING

By use of back road to back gate parking total distance
saving = 428.24 - 100.07= 328.17 m
By use of back road to north east parking total distance
saving 428.24 - 258.14= 170.1 m

6. PROPOSAL
Benefits of Proposed Parking at Back Gate over Current Parking at Back Gate given.
entrance from Back Gate to reduce the congestion of vehicles at the Front Gate.

Volume 9, Issue 7 - International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, USA

Stanford University uses a virtual parking permit system for

managing parking across its campus. Here’s how it works:
1. For Commuters, Residents, and Departments:
• Users can purchase virtual permits online.
• License plate information is registered and linked to the permit,
eliminating the need for physical permits.
2. For Visitors:
• Visitors can use the ParkMobile app to pay for parking in
designated areas.
• Tour groups must pre-book parking spaces.

This system simplifies parking management, reduces paper use,

and enhances convenience. For more details, visit Stanford
Transportation’s website.

[Link]/parking
STANFORD UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, USA

Parking Zones and Types

EV charging station
Pedestrian zones and
restricted zones
Event and special parking
Emergency points

[Link]/parking
ACCESSIBILITY
 Accessible Campus : a campus that provides access to resources and
opportunities for every users.
External elements in a built environment play a vital role in enhancing the
accessibility of the entire campus

Site Planning

Accessible site planning focuses on

smooth mobility
low curbs
walkable spaces
clear visibility of structures
and supportive infrastructure Robson square in Vancouver
such as street furniture.

Harmonised Guidelines and Universal Accessibility in India

Site Entrance

1. Accessibility Features: Install site maps with braille/tactile

features and clear wayfinding signage.
2. Clear Pedestrian Access: Ensure pathways accommodate
wheeled devices like wheelchairs, strollers, and baggage
trolleys.
3. Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSIs): Provide these
for safe access from the entrance.
4. Low Counter Heights: Design security counters to facilitate
interaction with personnel.
5. Color Contrast: Use contrasting colors for signage and
gates to enhance visibility and legibility.
6. Safe Waiting Zones: Include parking and seating areas
designed to ensure the safety of women, children, the
elderly, and people with disabilities.

Harmonised Guidelines and Universal Accessibility in India

Parking

Parking Bay Standards

two wheeler : 3000 mm x 2400 mm.

Car : 5000 mm × 3600 mm

(including 1200 mm wide side transfer zone.)

Location: 30 m away from the Building entrance(max)

Reserved Parking

Signage :Parking bays shall be clearly demarcated with

floor signs
symbol should be displayed at approaches

Harmonised Guidelines and Universal Accessibility in India

 Access Routes / Walkways Surface Quality:
Widths and Heights: Smoth, Hard, Leveled, Non-slippery

Minimum walkway width: 1200 mm Level Changes: Highlight it with

Two-way traffic: 1800 mm contrasting colors or material differences.
Minimum clear height: 2200 mm.
Tactile Ground Surface Indicators
Gradient: within 300 mm before the change.

Lighting,Signage
1. Well-lit walkways, with fixtures not
exceeding 4m in height
Community Center, Brazil
2. Provide universally accessible signage
Resting Spaces:
with pictograms
For walkways over 60 m, provide seating at
3. Add directional signs with distances for
every 30 m.
routes longer than 60m
Seating height: 450 mm - 500 mm with
backrest and handrests at 700 mm.
Grab Rails:
On both sides of access routes/paths with
sloping terrain.
At heights of 700 mm - 900 mm. Camp Nou Stadium / Barcelona, Spain
Harmonised Guidelines and Universal Accessibility in India [Link]
Kerb ramps Accessible Signals

Activation acoustic signals:

Guide and Warn

Timing: Crossing time must accommodate

reduced mobility at a maximum speed of 0.6 m/s.

Tactile Guiding Surface Indicators (TGSIs)

Harmonised Guidelines and Universal Accessibility in India

University of California, Berkeley
Golf cart service

Accessible measures

Golf cart service

Parking maps and policies

Accessible pathway map of campus

Uniform Signage

University of California, Berkeley

Parking guide map

Pathway slope map

University of California, Berkeley
SIGNAGE AND
WAYFINDING
 Signage And Wayfinding

Campus wayfinding signage is a system of signs and maps

that help people find their way around campus.

Direct People to various locations

It can include everything from directional signs to interactive

maps.

[Link]
 Stress-Free Navigation

Why? Time Saver

Safety Net

Positive First Impression

Branding Powerhouse

[Link]
 Types

1) Locational or identity signs to

inform users where they are and
when they have reached

2) Directional signs to direct people

Locational Directional signs

3) Directory signs to inform people

4) Regulatory signs you must follow

the rules that are displayed, which
includes danger signs, warning
signs, caution signs, notice signs,
and safety instruction signs.

Regulatory signs
Directory signs
[Link]
Design Principles for Wayfinding

Create unique identities at every entrance/location.

Use or create landmarks to make location catchy, and

provide direction cue to users.

Use sight lines to show what's ahead.

Create well-defined paths.

Create areas with unique visual personality.

Avoid giving users too many options while navigating.

Give users a map.

[Link]
Design Principles for Wayfinding

Installing signages with logical information at decision points

helping users make quick decisions.

Colour Coding & Zoning:

[Link]
Other Factors

Tactile and Auditory Elements: Interactive & Digital Solutions:

For those with visual impairments, tactile floor Modern wayfinding often integrates digital
strips or auditory signals can be indispensable. elements. Touchscreen maps, AR navigation apps,
Braille signage or sounds indicating different or digital directories can offer real-time guidance
zones can enhance accessibility. and updates.

[Link]
 Smart tech and creative solutions
Here East, London

Supersized wayfinding

A campus for techies where environment mimics

the digital circuits and bright orange colour is used
to guide people using oversize elements like
symbols, lines numbers, etc. The look and feel
signifies the context and culture of the organization
and at the same time making it more legible to
navigate in the environment.

London studio dn&co's signage and wayfinding for London's Here

East campus in Hackney Wick is based on circuit drawings.
[Link]
 Smart tech and creative solutions
DZNE German Center for
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Bonn, Germany

Smart wayfinding strategy designed

by taking inspiration from the
situation of people with Alzheimer's
disease, who usually remember
colours more efficiently than other
elements.

The walls imitates the giant

brushstrokes in subtle shades,
directing patients, visitors and staffs
to various department.

[Link]
 Smart tech and creative solutions
QV Melbourne Car Park

Tall, bold, hand-painted

environment graphics
adds a sense of drama,
playfulness and also
adding visibility making it
easily identifiable for
users.

[Link]
 Smart tech and creative solutions

Digital Kiosks
In recent years, Google Maps have
revolutionized wayfinding but lost pedestrians
can tell you that the app still fails in indoor
settings such as malls, hospitals etc.

Digital interactive kiosks are becoming

effective in helping people orient and navigate
in such surroundings. Also giving limitless
option as compared to conventional print
media.

[Link]
 Smart tech and creative solutions

Augmented reality With technological

advancing,

AR is finding its way to increases the

effectiveness of navigation systems and help
people orient well, especially in indoor
settings where paths are complex.

Google Maps AR let people use augmented

reality to navigate while walking. It uses the
rear camera of the phone to identify where
you are, overlaying directions and details on
the display, rather than just showing user a
map.

[Link]
Smart tech and creative solutions
Kinetic directional sign - POINTS, Brooklyn, NY

A high tech kinetic directional signage where

rotational arms are smartly used to display
various activities, and highlighting locations in
the nearby region.
Aluminum, LEDs, custom mechanical motor system,
computer
10 x 4 x 2 ft
Executed in 2013

[Link]
 IIT GANDHINAGAR

WAYFINDING ON CAMPUS

IIT Gandhinagar is an institute of national importance, and

hundreds of new users join every year.
Wayfinding systems must help them navigate with a sense of
comfort and trust.

[Link]
 User impact

At the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar (IITGN) there are multiple types of users, using the
campus for different purposes and with differing circulation patterns. The wayfinding system needs to
cater to all users with equal importance, keeping their requirements in mind.

User analysis

[Link]
Movement around Campus

Nodes are critical points within a

circulation or wayfinding system
where paths intersect, diverge, or
converge.

[Link]
User movement in academic campus
Movement around Campus

Hierarchy of sign types

User movement in academic campus

[Link]
Signages And Wayfinding

Outside

Street signs inside campus

Campus informational sign

Directional sign inside Housing area

Map of the campus
[Link]
Signages And Wayfinding

Inside
[Link]

[Link]
ALTERNATIVES
AND PRACTICES
 SPEED CONTROLS
Speed of the vehicles and width of the roads are closely linked. as the width increases the
vehicle tends to move faster. There are several ways to control the speed of the vehicles.
They are:

By curves and tighter radius bends. By devices such as rumble strips, humps etc By signs and signals

By reducing the width of the road

The Okinawa Melody road

G
LIPIN K (2006), Campus Articulation, 2006 [Link] Dissertation.
 Landscape and path College of engineering trivandrum

Desire lines can also indicate where paths are needed as planted surfaces and earth are not resistant to
heavy foot traffic. The landscape circulation must be sensitive to the effects of topography on people's
choice of route. People often prefer to walk on steeply sloping ground rather than use steps with high
risers, and will also make shortcuts if a path on sloping ground appears to be too indirect.

G
LIPIN K (2006), Campus Articulation, 2006 [Link] Dissertation.
Traffic Controls
Smart Traffic Management Systems:
Use IoT-enabled sensors, AI, and real-time data analytics to manage traffic flow.
Adaptive traffic signals that adjust based on vehicle and pedestrian density.

Segregation of Traffic:
Clear separation of pedestrian, bicycle, and vehicle pathways to ensure safety and
efficiency.

Pedestrian Prioritization:
Traffic calming measures (e.g., raised crossings, speed bumps) to reduce vehicle speed
and enhance pedestrian safety.

Sustainable Transit Options:

Integration of electric buses, autonomous shuttles, and micro-mobility options to reduce
congestion and carbon footprint.

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 Transition Zones
If a user is forced to pass through a transition zone between
one area and another they are made aware of the different
character or status of the new zone.
Direct
a gate or an arch way
The transition zones are direct and indirect
clear signages

Technopark, Thiruvananthapuram College of Engineering Trivandrum

G
LIPIN K (2006), Campus Articulation, 2006 [Link] Dissertation.
 Transition Zones

Implied
a different road texture
narrowing of road (by building or
tree planting)
change of planting

College of Engineering Trivandrum

G
LIPIN K (2006), Campus Articulation, 2006 [Link] Dissertation.
Technological involvement
Dynamic Lighting Systems:
Smart Navigation Systems:
Intelligent lighting adapts to user
Indoor wayfinding apps using technologies like
presence and time of day,
beacons, GPS, or augmented reality (AR) to guide
improving safety and visibility.
users
Examples: Digital kiosks or mobile apps that display
Robotic Assistance:
real-time navigation within buildings or campuses.
Autonomous robots can assist in
guiding people in large spaces like
campuses or transportation hubs

People Flow Analytics:

AI-powered tools and sensors track
movement patterns to optimize pathways
and prevent congestion.
Applications: Heat maps of high-traffic
areas to inform design updates.
[Link]
system/circulation-technology G
Junctions Treatment

Traffic Signals:
Adaptive signals that prioritize pedestrians
and cyclists, particularly at high-traffic
junctions.
Audible cues for visually impaired
pedestrians.

Roundabouts:
Smaller, well-designed roundabouts reduce
conflict points compared to traditional
intersections.
Include pedestrian crossings with refuge
islands for safety.

Techno Park Thiruvananthapuram

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[Link]
encyclopedia/junction
Junctions Treatment

Raised Crossings:
Level crossings (flush with sidewalks) prioritize
pedestrian movement and slow down vehicles.

Tactile Paving:
Applied at crossings and junctions to guide visually
impaired users safely.

Bike and Pedestrian Priority: A continuous 2km

Dedicated crossing points for cyclists and pedestrians pedestrian and bicycle
with clear markings and traffic calming features. path connecting the
front gate to the rear
gate is implemented

Techno Park Thiruvananthapuram

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 Junctions- Adding Charater to it

Suzlon one Earcth Global Headquarters

[Link] G
SUSTAINAIBILITY
Means to make it reality
Transportation
Walkability: Design streetscapes that prioritize Implement shared mobility: Promote carpooling, ride-
pedestrians over vehicles. sharing, and e-scooter systems.

Restrict parking supply: Limit the construction of new Encourage public transit: Invest in efficient bus, train, or
parking spaces to encourage the use of alternative tram systems to reduce car dependency.
transport

Compact design: Build multi-level or underground Invluding EV charging stations in parking facilities to
parking to reduce land usage. promote the adoption of low-emission vehicles.

[Link]
planning-principles
 Materials Pedestrian Paths

Parking and road Recycled materials

Using recycled materials like concrete, asphalt, and
brick in walkway construction is an eco-friendly option.

Permeable pavements
Permeable pavements like porous asphalt and concrete,
gravel, and pavers allow water to soak into the ground,
School of Denver
preventing runoff
Solar panels: Install them on Permeable materials: to allow
streetlights, parking lots and garages water to pass through to reduce Natural stone
for clean energy generation. urban runoff and flooding. Materials like flagstone, slate, and fieldstone are
UMass Amherst
[Link] natural, eco-friendly options for walkways
Roads
Construction and demolition waste (C&D), fly ash, plastic waste, and waste Locally sourced materials
rubber tires were selected as the best materials for base reduces the carbon footprint of transportation and
construction supports local economies.
cement kiln dust waste, fly ash, glass waste, and waste rubber for sub-base
and C&D waste and glass waste for sub-grade construction.
Alternative sustainable
materials can solve the waste disposal issue, scarcity of natural materials, and
cost savings.
Kodithuwakku, H.D.D.P., Ramachandra, T. and Kajavathani, P., 2023. Alternative materials for
sustainable road construction in Sri Lanka - [Link] [Link]
materials-and-practices-for-building-walkways
 Kinetic Pavements
Energy Generation They use a more advanced technology that allows them
to generate energy not only when compressed, but also
when flexed.

Piezoelectric tiles
These tiles are embedded in the ground and generate a crossing at Dupont Circle, Washington
electricity when they are compressed by the weight of D.C.
people walking on them. [Link]

Energy Generating Stairs

The stairs generate electricity through the kinetic energy
produced by people walking up and down them.

[Link]

Odenplan subway station in Stockholm, Sweden

By Volkswagen Sweden and ad agency DDB Stockholm,
[Link]
[Link]
 LOCATION : Amherst, Massachusetts

UMass Amherst YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION: 1863

ARCHITECT: Various Architects

[Link]
 Transition Zones
Strengthening the gateways to convey a sense of
arrival, calm traffic, and provide way finding.
It is important to emphasize the transition from higher
speed roadways to lower speed roadways to the
campus that are heavy pedestrian and bicycle routes.

UMass Amherst
[Link]

G
LIPIN K (2006), Campus Articulation, 2006 [Link] Dissertation.
 To maximize open green space in the building, it has;
Compact footprint,
hardy site vegetation,
reflective hardscaping surfaces

Total plot area: 1,400 acres

Built up area: 307.62 acres

UMass Amherst
[Link]
 Pedestrian
South End Campus:
Permeable materials: to allow
water to pass through to reduce
urban runoff and flooding.

As part of phase development, pathways were increased

Pedestrian Non motorized vehicular

[Link]
 Transitional spaces
Adding vegetation to define the
Junction path help us to understand the
transition the path undergoes
The main block with a grand
pedestrian path junction in front
uses it to add space for
gathering.

Worcester commons

Motorized roads

Adequate Signages
[Link]
THANK YOU