Model answer lesson 2 chapter 4
Question Answer Question Answer
1 C steps↓ 44 B
2 A steps↓ 45 A steps↓
3 D steps↓ 46 D
4 C steps↓ 47 D
5 D steps↓ 48 B
6 D steps↓ 49 B
7 B steps↓ 50 D
8 C steps↓ 51 A
9 B steps↓ 52 D
10 A steps↓ 53 Csteps↓
11 D 54 A
12 C 55 D
13 A 56 A steps↓
14 A 57 A steps↓
15 C 58 B steps↓
16 C 59 A steps↓
17 C 60 A steps↓
18 D 61 D steps↓
19 A 62 C steps↓
20 A 63 A steps↓
21 D 64 C steps↓
22 B steps↓ 65 C steps↓
23 a) increases 66 A steps↓
b) decreases
24 A steps↓ 67 C steps↓
25 D 68 B steps↓
26 B 69 C steps↓
27 C 70 A steps↓
28 C 71 D
29 D 72 B
30 D 73 D
31 I) B 74 B
II) C
Steps↓
32 A steps↓ 75 A
33 B 76 B
34 D steps↓ 77 B
35 C steps↓ 78 A
36 A steps↓ 79 D
37 B 80 A
38 B steps↓ 81 A
39 A 82 A
40 A steps↓ 83 A
41 C steps↓ 84 D
42 C 85 D
43 C steps↓ 86 B
Steps :
From Q.1 ➔ Q.10
X Y Z R
S.O.P -0.4V 0.7V -0.3V 3V
S.R.P 0.4V -0.7V 0.3V -3V
• Arrangement according to S.O.P :
R
Y
Hydrogen
Z
X
Anode ➔ More active ➔ Oxidation process ➔ Reducing agent
Cathode ➔ less active ➔ Reduction process ➔ oxidizing agent
22)
• The initial mass of nickel “6gm” decreases when reacting
with the salt solution of all the given metals ➔ this means
that Nickel can replace all of these metals in their salt
solutions ➔ Nickel is the highest in activity out there in this
question.
• The lower the mass of nickel after 15 minutes ➔ The higher
the difference between oxidation potential of nickel and the
other metal.
So, Mass of nickel in case of reaction with salt solution of metal Z
< metal Y < metal W < metal X
This means that the reaction with metal Z salt solution in the
fastest ➔ Metal Z and nickel are the further from each other.
• Arrangement according to oxidation potential :
Ni
X
W
Y
Z
24)
a) Al b) F c) Cr d) Cu e) Cd
S.O.P +1.67 V -2.87 V +0.56 V -0.34 V +0.4 V
S.R.P -1.67 V +2.87 V -0.56 V +0.34 V - 0.4 V
Al
Cr
Cd
Cu
F
Reducing agents act as anode and has high S.O.P
F<Cu<Cd<Cr<Al
31)
Ag Mg Cu Hg Zn Fe
S.O.P -0.8V 2.37V -0.34V -0.85V 0.76V 0.409V
S.R.P 0.8V -2.37V 0.34V 0.85V -0.76V -0.409V
• Arrangement according to S.O.P :
Mg
Zn
Fe
Cu
Ag
Hg
32)
Mn Pb Fe Mg Zn
S.O.P 1.029V 0.126V 0.409V 2.375V 0.762V
S.R.P -1.029V -0.126V -0.409V -2.375V -0.762V
• Arrangement according to S.O.P :
Mg
Mn
Zn
Fe
Pb
34)
Arrangement according to S.O.P :
Na
Mg
Fe
Cu
Anode ➔ More active ➔ Oxidation process ➔ Reducing agent
Cathode ➔ less active ➔ Reduction process ➔ oxidizing agent
35)
A B
Oxidation potential +0.762 +2.37
Reduction potential -0.762 -2.37
B is more active than A.
36)
Ag+ Al3+ Pb2+ Cu2+ Mg2+ Fe2+ Zn2+
S.O.P -0.8V 1.67V 0.126V -0.34V 2.4V 0.44V 0.76V
S.R.P 0.8V -1.67V -0.126V 0.34V -2.4V -0.44V -0.76V
• Arrangement according to S.O.P :
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
Pb
Cu
Ag
38)
A0(s) + 2B+(aq.) ➔ A2+(aq.) + 2B0(s)
From the equation, we can conclude that : number of dissolved
moles of (A) is half the number of precipitated moles of (B).
40)
Zn Al Ni Mg
Oxidation potential 0.76 1.66 0.25 2.37
Reduction potential -0.76 -1.66 -0.25 -2.37
• Arrangement according to standard oxidation potential :
Mg
Al
Zn
Ni
41)
Ag Ni
Oxidation potential -0.8 0.25
Reduction potential 0.8 -0.25
43)
Fe3+ Al3+ Cu2+ Pb2+
S.O.P -0.711 1.66V -0.34 0.126
R.O.P +0.711 -1.66V 0.34V -0.126V
• Arrangement according to standard oxidation potential :
Al3+
Pb2+
Hydrogen
Cu2+
Fe3+
45)
Br Cu Al Zn Ni Ag Fe
Oxidation -1.09 -0.34 1.66 0.76 0.25 -0.8 0.44
potential
Reduction 1.09 0.34 -1.66 -0.76 - 0.8 -0.44
potential 0.25
• Arrangement according to standard oxidation potential :
Al
Zn
Fe
Ni
Cu
Ag
Br
53)
A
B
C
Hydrogen
The farther the two elements is ➔ The higher the electromotive force of the
cell formed from them ➔ A and hydrogen will produce cell with highest
e.m.f .
56)
Cd (anode) Ni (cathode)
S.O.P +0.402V +0.23V
S.R.P -0.402V -0.23V
EMF= Oxidation potential of anode + reduction potential of cathode
EMF = (0.402) + (-0.23) =0.172 V
57)
A (anode) B (cathode)
S.O.P +0.409V −0.800V
S.R.P -0.409V +0.800V
EMF = oxidation potential of anode + reduction potential of cathode
= 0. 409 + 0.8 = 1.209 V
A is anode and B is cathode
58)
Ni (anode) Ag(cathode)
S.O.P +0.23V −0.8V
S.R.P -0.23V +0.8V
EMF = oxidation potential of anode + reduction potential of cathode
= 0. 23 + 0.8 = 1.03 V
EMF is +ve so cell is galvanic
59)
Al (Anode) Cr (Cathode)
S.O.P 1.67 V 0.74 V
S.R.P -1.67 V -0.74 v
Emf = Oxidation potential of anode + reduction potential of cathode
EMF = (1.67) + (-0.74) = 0.93 V
EMF is +ve ➔ current produced
60)
I Br Cl
S.O.P -0.53V −1.07V -1.36
S.R.P +0.53V +1.07V +1.36
EMF = oxidation potential of anode + reduction potential of cathode
• EMF in choice a =-0.53+1.07=0.54 v
+ve value → spontaneous reaction
• EMF in choice b =-1.36+1.07 =-0.29 v
-ve value → non spontaneous reaction
• EMF in choice c =-1.07 +0.53 =-0.54
-ve value → non spontaneous reaction
• EMF in choice d =-1.36+0.53=-0.83
-ve value → non spontaneous reaction
So the only spontaneous reaction is the reaction in choice A :
I (anode) Br (cathode)
S.O.P -0.53V −1.07V
S.R.P +0.53V +1.07V
61)
Fe (anode) Cu (cathode)
S.O.P +0.41V −0.340V
S.R.P −0.41V +0.340V
EMF = oxidation potential of anode + reduction potential of cathode
EMF = 0.41+ 0.340 = 0.75 V
62)
Current should move from the Anode “Has higher oxidation potential” to
the cathode “Has lower oxidation potential”
So, Choices a , b and d ➔ Current move in the wrong direction.
- Choice C ➔ correct direction and +ve value of emf
2+ 3+ + 3+
V /V V /V Au/Au Au/Au
Oxidation potential 1.13 0.52 -1.69 -1.4
Reduction potential -1.13 -0.52 1.69 1.4
EMF = oxidation potential of anode +Reduction potential of cathode
1.13+1.69=2.82V
63)
A B C D
S.O.P +0.4v −0.8v +0.76v +2.9v
S.R.P −0.4v +0.8v −0.76v −2.9v
D
C
A
B
The farther the two elements is ➔ The higher the electromotive force of the
cell formed from them ➔ D and B will produce cell with highest e.m.f
EMF= Oxidation of anode (D) + reduction of cathode (B)
EMF = 2.9 + 0.8 = 3.7 V
64)
Metals Copper magnesium Zinc Silver
Reduction +0.34 V -2.375 V -0.76 V +0.8 V
potential
oxidation -0.34 v 2.375 v 0.76 v -0.8 V
potential
Mg
Zn The farther the two elements is ➔ The higher the electromotive
Cu force of the cell formed from them ➔ Mg and Ag will produce cell
Ag with highest e.m.f ➔ Mg is the anode, Ag is the cathode.
EMF= oxidation potential of anode + Reduction potential of cathode
EMF = (2.375) + (0.8) = 3.175 Volt.
65)
EMF= oxidation potential of anode + Reduction potential of cathode
0.94 = (0.136) + Reduction potential of cathode
Reduction potential of cathode= 0.804 ~0.8 V
oxidation potential of cathode=-0.804 ~ -0.8 V
66)
Sn (anode) Ag (cathode)
S.O.P +0.136V −0.8V
S.R.P -0.136V +0.8V
Oxidation potential of Sn higher than Ag ➔ So, Sn is anode , Ag is cathode.
67)
The given values are values of standard reduction potential.
X Y Z
S.O.P -0.34 V +0.76 V +2.375
S.R.P +0.34 V -0.76 V -2.375 V
E.M.F of galvanic cell formed from X and Y = oxidation potential of anode(Y)
+ Reduction potential of cathode (X)
= 0.76 + 0.34 =1.1V ➔ Current flows from Anode (Y) to cathode (X)
E.M.F of galvanic cell formed from Z and Y = oxidation potential of anode(Z)
+ Reduction potential of cathode (Y)
= 2.375 + (-0.76) = 1.615V ➔ Current flows from Anode (Z) to cathode (Y).
68)
Pb+2 Hg
S.O.P -1.69V -0.59V
S.R.P +1.69V +0.59V
Oxidation potential of Hg > Oxidation potential of Pb+2
And in the given equation,
Pb+4 turns into Pb+2 ➔ Reduction ➔ Cathode
Hg0 turns into Hg+1 ➔ Oxidation ➔ Anode
So, this reaction is spontaneous as the highest in oxidation potential (Hg)
acts as anode and the lowest in oxidation potential value (Pb +2) acts as
cathode.
E.M.F = oxidation potential of anode(Hg) + Reduction potential of cathode
(Pb2+)
= (-0.59) + (1.69) = 1.1V
69)
Ni Fe
S.O.P 0.23V 0.4V
S.R.P -0.23V -0.4V
Oxidation potential of Fe > Oxidation potential of Ni
In the given equation,
Ni0 turns into Ni2+ ➔ Oxidation ➔ Anode
Fe2+ turns into Fe0 ➔ Reduction ➔ Cathode
So, the reaction is non-spontaneous as the highest element in the value of
oxidation potential (Fe) undergoes reduction not oxidation process.
E.M.F = oxidation potential of anode(Ni) + Reduction potential of cathode
(Fe)
= 0.23 + (-0.4) = -0.17V
70)
X + Y2+ ➔ X2+ + Y , emf= 0.351V
E.M.F has positive value ➔ this reaction happens spontaneously ➔ X is more
active than Y
Y + Z2+ ➔ Y2+ + Z , emf= 0.749V
E.M.F has positive value ➔ this reaction happens spontaneously ➔ Y is more
active than Z
So, the arrangement of the respectively :
X
Y
Z
So,
From X to Y ➔ 0.351 V
From Y to Z ➔ 0.749 V
So, From X to Z ➔ 0.351 + 0.749 = 1.1 V “Where X is the anode and Z is the
cathode”
So, the given equation needs the opposite “X is the cathode and Z is the
anode” ➔ -1.1 V “Non-spontaneous reaction”
Essay questions :
87)
Mn Co
S.O.P 1.029V 0.28V
S.R.P -1.029V -0.28V
For this galvanic cell, Mn has higher oxidation potential ➔ Acts as anode,
Co has lower oxidation potential ➔ acts as cathode.
So,
a)
Total reaction : Mn0(s) + Co2+(aq.) ➔ Mn2+(aq.) + Co0(s)
b)
E.M.F = oxidation potential of anode(Mn) + Reduction potential of cathode
(Co)
= 1.029 + (-0.28) = 0.749V
c)
Negative electrode (Anode) ➔ Mn
Positive electrode (Cathode) ➔ Co
88)
All the given values are standard reduction potential values.
Ag Cr Cu Ni
S.O.P -0.8V 0.74V -0.34V +0.28V
S.R.P 0.8V -0.74V 0.34V -0.28V
• Their arrangement according to the Standard oxidation potential :
Cr
Ni
Cu
Ag
The farther the two elements is ➔ The higher the electromotive force of the
cell formed from them ➔ Cr and Ag will produce cell with highest e.m.f ➔ Cr
is the anode, Ag is the cathode.
So,
a)
Cr-Ag cell will obtain the highest E.m.f value.
E.M.F = oxidation potential of anode(Cr) + Reduction potential of cathode
(Ag)
= 0.74 + 0.8 = 1.54V
b)
Strongest reducing agent ➔ Cr
Strongest oxidizing agent ➔ Ag