Java SE Developer Course

Lecture 7: Methods

Prep red by
Pyi Soe
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 Methods
Methods we used before

readDataType("Prompt Text")

print("some text")

println("some text")
[Link](true/false)
[Link](n) // n is double data type
turnLeft()
pickBeeper()
 Method that Returns a Value
Quite simil r to m th functions
import [Link].*;

public class RightTriangle extends ConsoleProgram {

public void run() {

while (true) {
println("This program calculates the length of one side of a right triangle.");
println("Assume h is hypotenuse and a and b other the other sides.");
double a = readDouble("Enter a: ");
double b = readDouble("Enter b: ");
double h = getLenOfHypotenuse(a, b);
println("Len of hypotenuse: " + h);

double h1 = readDouble("Enter h: ");

double aOrB = readDouble("Enter a or b: ");
double otherSide = getLenOfOtherSide(h1, aOrB);
println("Len of the other side: " + otherSide);
}
}

private double getLenOfHypotenuse(double a, double b) {

double h = [Link](a * a + b * b);
return h;
}

private double getLenOfOtherSide(double h, double a){

double b = [Link](h * h - a * a);
return b;
}
}
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a
Input Output

a
getLenOfHypotenuse h

b
 Method that Returns a Value
Decl r tion

visibility type methodName(type paramName1, type paramName2, ..., type paramNamen) {

// Statements
return exp;
}

visibility - private public ြဖ င်တယ် (ဒီ စ်ခုမပါတာလဲ ြဖ င်တယ်။ visibility and access modi ers အ င်းမှာ အေသးစိတ်ပါမယ်)။
‣

type - ရလဒ်တန်ဖိုး၏ အ အစား ( method က ြပန်ထုတ်ေပးသည့် တန်ဖိုး၏ အ အစား)။ return exp မှ ၏ exp ရလဒ်တန်ဖိုး င့် အ အစား တူရတယ်။
‣

type paramName - တစ်ခုစီ၏ အမ င့် အ အစား

‣

return exp - expression ကို evaluate လု ရလာတဲ့ တန်ဖိုးကို ြပန်ထုတ်ေပးတယ် (method ကို တဲ့ေနရာမှာ expression ရလဒ်တန်ဖိုးကို ရေစတယ်)
‣
a
a
သို့
မျိုး
ည်နှ
သို့
စ်နို
ပ်လို့
မျိုး
နှ
စ်နို
မျိုး
ခေါ်သုံး
fi
ကြော
ရဲ့
နှ
မျိုး
import [Link].*;

public class MathFunctions extends ConsoleProgram {

public void run() {

private int abs(int n) {

if (n < 0) {
return -n;
} else {
return n;
}
}

private double min(double x, double y) {

if (x < y) {
return x;
} else {
return y;
}
}
private int factorial(int n) {
int result = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
result *= i;
}
return result;
}

}
Method with No Return Value
Side effect
import [Link].*;

public class PrintAmtInCurrency extends ConsoleProgram {

public void run() {
centsToFmtCcy(2245);
println("done!");
}

private void centsToFmtCcy(int cents) {

int dollars = cents/100;
int remCents = cents % 100;
String dispStr = "$" + dollars + "." + remCents;
print(dispStr);
return; // optional
}
}
 Input
No output value
centsToFmtCcy
cents

Si
de
e
ec eth
Text appear on console output

t t od
m

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ou
ts
id
e
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 Method with No Return Value
Decl r tion

visibility void methodName(type paramName1, type paramName2, ..., type paramNamen) {

// Statements
return; // optional return statement
}

visibility - private public ြဖ င်တယ် ( စ်ခုမပါတာလဲ ြဖ င်တယ်။ visibility and access modi ers အ င်းမှာ အေသးစိတ်ပါမယ်)။
‣

void - ဒီ method ဟာ တန်ဖိုးတခုခုကို ြပန်ထုတ်မေပးဘူး ဆိလ

ု တ
ို ယ်။ completely empty.
‣

type paramName - တစ်ခုစီ၏ အမ င့် အ အစား

‣

return; method တစ်ခုဟာ သူလပ

ု ်စရာ အ င်တစ်ခုခုကို လုပ်ေဆာ ။ တဲ့ ေနရာကို ြပန်သွား ေြပာတ အ မ်းဖျ ယူဆ ရတယ်။
‣
a
a
သို့
ည်နှ
စ်နို
က်ရှ
မျိုး
နှ
လို့
စ်နို
င်ပြီး
ပြီ
ခေါ်သုံး
ဖို့
fi
ကြော
ယ်လို့
ကြ
ဉ်း
လို့
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

public class DrawAtCenter extends GraphicsProgram {

public void run() {
drawRectAtCenter(200, 100);
drawOvalAtCenter(200,100);
}

private void drawRectAtCenter(double width, double height) {

double x = (getWidth() - width) / 2.0;
double y = (getHeight() - height) / 2.0;
GRect rect = new GRect(x, y, width, height);
add(rect);
}

private void drawOvalAtCenter(double width, double height) {

double x = (getWidth() - width) / 2.0;
double y = (getHeight() - height) / 2.0;
GOval oval = new GOval(x, y, width, height);
add(oval);
}

}
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

import [Link].*;

public class RectAndOvalAtCenter extends GraphicsProgram {

public void run() {
GRect rect = createRectAtCenter(200, 100);
[Link](true);
[Link]([Link]);
add(rect);
}

private GRect createRectAtCenter(double width, double height) {

double x = (getWidth() - width) / 2.0;
double y = (getHeight() - height) / 2.0;
GRect rect = new GRect(x, y, width, height);
return rect;
}

private GOval createOvalAtCenter(double width, double height) {

double x = (getWidth() - width) / 2.0;
double y = (getHeight() - height) / 2.0;
GOval oval = new GOval(x, y, width, height);
return oval;
}
}
 return statement

method de nition ထဲကေန method ကို ထားတဲ့ ေနရာကို ြပန်ေရာက်သွား return

‣
statement ကို သံုးတယ်။

ပံုစံ ရတယ်
‣

return exp; ကို တန်ဖိုးြပန်ေပးတဲ့ method ေတွမှာ သံုးတယ်။

‣

return; ကို တန်ဖိုး ြပန်ထုတ်မေပးတဲ့ method (void methods) ေတွမှာ သံုးတယ်။

‣

void methods ေတွ က်ဆးံု အ င်းက return statement ကို မထည့်ေရးလဲ ရတယ်။
‣
နှ
စ်မျိုး
နဲ့
တွေ့
fi
ရဲ့
နော
ကြော
ခေါ်သုံး
ဖို့
 Predicate Methods
import [Link];

public class PredicateMethods extends ConsoleProgram {

public void run() {
println(isNormalYear(2022));
println(isNormalYear(2024));
println(isLeapYear(2024));
}

private boolean isEven(int n) {

return (n % 2 == 0);
}

private boolean isOdd(int n) {

return !isEven(n);
}

private boolean isLeapYear (int year)

{
return(((year % 4 == 0)&&(year % 100 != 0)) || (year % 400 == 0));
}

private boolean isNormalYear(int year) {

return !isLeapYear(year);
}

}
 Other terms for methods

တ programming language ေတွမှာ

‣ subroutine/routine
‣ procedure
‣ function
စတာေတွဟာ method ေတွ သေဘာတရား ခပ်ဆင်ဆင်တူတယ်။ အတိအကျ အဓိ ယ် သတ်မှတ်ရင်

တစ်ခု ကွားြခားချက်ေတွ ေပမဲ့ အေြခခံသေဘာတရားေတာ့ တူတူပဲ ေြပာ င်တယ်။

ချို့
နဲ့
နဲ့
ရှိ
လို့
ပ္ပါ
နို
Distinguishing Methods
 static method

‣ [Link]()
‣ [Link]()
‣ [Link]()
public class MyMathFuns {
public static double abs(double val) {
double absVal = val < 0 ? -val : val; import [Link];
return absVal;
} public class MyMathFunsApply extends ConsoleProgram
{
public static double getLenOfHypotenuse(double a, double b) { public void run() {
double h = [Link](a * a + b * b); println([Link](-3));
return h; println([Link](10));
} }
}
public static double getLenOfOtherSide(double h, double a){
double b = [Link](h * h - a * a);
return b;
}

public static double min(double x, double y) {

if (x < y) {
return x;
} else {
return y;
}
}

public static int factorial(int n) {

int result = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
result *= i;
}
return result;
}
}
 method call on objects

‣ GRect rect = new GRect(. . .);

‣ [Link]();
‣ [Link]();
‣ [Link]();
‣ [Link]();
 method call on self

‣ Method declaration inside the class body (non static method)

‣ Call the method in the another method declaration in the same class
‣ Methods inherited from extended class
‣ add() method from GraphicsProgram class
 Avoiding Deep Nesting
Think wh t e ch level of nesting does!

import [Link];

public class WedgeOfStars extends ConsoleProgram {

public void run() {

int initNumStars = readInt("Enter number of stars in 1st row: ");

int numStarsInTheRow = initNumStars;

for (int i = 0; i < initNumStars; i++) {
drawRowOfNStars(numStarsInTheRow);
println();
numStarsInTheRow--;
}
}

private void drawRowOfNStars(int n) {

for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
print("*");
}
}
}
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 Avoiding Deep Nesting
Think wh t e ch level of nesting does!
/*
* File: [Link]
* -----------------------
* This program draws a checkerboard. The dimensions of the
* checkerboard are specified by the constants N_ROWS and
* N_COLUMNS, and the size of the squares is chosen so
* that the checkerboard fills the available vertical space. */

import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;

public class Checkerboard extends GraphicsProgram {

public void run() {
double size = getHeight()/N_ROWS;
boolean isFilledFirst = false;
for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
drawRow(size, i * size, N_COLUMNS, isFilledFirst );
isFilledFirst = !isFilledFirst;
}

private void drawRow(double size, double y, int cnt, boolean isFilledFirst) {

boolean isFilled = isFilledFirst;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
GRect rect = new GRect(i * size, y, size, size);
[Link](isFilled);
isFilled = !isFilled;
add(rect);
}
}
private static final int N_ROWS = 8;
private static final int N_COLUMNS = 8;
}
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 Calling Mechanism
with primitives parameters and arguments

import [Link].*;

public class IncNotWorking extends ConsoleProgram {

public void run() {

int x = 0;
increment(x);
println(x);
}

private void increment(int x) {

x++;
}
}
 Calling Mechanism
with primitives parameters and arguments
import [Link].*;

parameters variables are also local

public class IncNotWorking extends ConsoleProgram {
to the method

public void run() { Parameters

x
int = 0;
int x
increment(x);

println(x);

}
x++
private void increment(int x) {

x++;
}
all variables inside the method
} declaration has local scope
 Calling Mechanism
with primitives parameters and arguments
import [Link].*;

parameters variables are also local

public class IncNotWorking extends ConsoleProgram {
to the method

public void run() { Parameters

x
int = 0; value of x in run copied to x in increment
int x = 0
increment(x);

println(x);

}
x++
private void increment(int x) {

x++;
}
all variables inside the method
} declaration has local scope
 Calling Mechanism
with object references param and arguments

public class RefAsParam extends GraphicsProgram {

public void run() {
double width = 200; parameters variables are also local
double height = 100; to the method
double x = (getWidth() - width)/2.0;
double y = (getHeight() - height)/2.0; Parameters

GRect rect = new GRect(x, y, width, height); Grect rect

setRedColor(rect);
add(rect); [Link](true)
} [Link]([Link])

private void setRedColor(GRect rect) {

[Link](true);
[Link]([Link]);
}
} all variables inside the method
declaration has local scope
 Calling Mechanism
with object references param and arguments

public class RefAsParam extends GraphicsProgram {

public void run() {
double width = 200; parameters variables are also local
double height = 100; to the method
double x = (getWidth() - width)/2.0;
double y = (getHeight() - height)/2.0; Parameters

GRect rect = new GRect(x, y, width, height); Grect rect = rect

setRedColor(rect);
add(rect);
[Link](true)
value of rect in run copied to rect in setRedColor [Link]([Link])
}

private void setRedColor(GRect rect) {

[Link](true);
[Link]([Link]);
}
} all variables inside the method
declaration has local scope
 x
y
Both rect and rect refer to the width
same rectangle object. height
setFilled
[Link]() and illColor
[Link]() will a ect the
same object.

public class RefAsParam extends GraphicsProgram {

public void run() {
... Parameters
GRect rect = new GRect(x, y, width, height);
Grect rect = rect
setRedColor(rect);
add(rect);
[Link](true)
}
[Link]([Link])
private void setRedColor(GRect rect) {
[Link](true);
[Link]([Link]);
}
}
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