Module2

AC Fum d am em Bals
CAsmt wawe Foym
Cquatcom o AC Vaf ta ge amd

te fieq un
pA o, a m p litude , phase, phase
diffewme, aweae vauu, R MS Vauuu fovm fackov,
peak facror Cony defnttrons)
aulamt Ralaktomship c th Pha36r duaqnam
and
yolta g
Anaysu
R,LRL&C i uuG. Comcept oj cmpeden
Seues Cuu¬s .A ckcve Poco e
R- L C
R -L, R -C,
Pocoe Conept oPowa
Raactiue Pocwer omd appaaemt
Factoy Csumple Numaical)
hree Phase Ciut
AC quamt( Advamtags
Gemeation o three phase
vela konshep
amd 1 mi téom, sfar amd delta conneckiom,
ta

berw eeem m e amd phase quamtities (enclud umg pioot F)

s- AlEeamatn g Uffcge &Cusamt

Equatcom 4 Cuaumt)
Atematomg Votla
C em eaakcom of

may be qemeaai d b
An Altamat mg vdtag
wmi fovm maqmetee
Co ilcwithn
a
aC
yofatmg withmn
fceld
a magnetce
teld ov
by rotakumg
oil.
a s t a t om any dap mu
en dy
he emf genuatd dap
The magmitucde oj
sGengh
mumbea
taams vn the rea-an coi
m hne he
cwhich Bne
Field h e sperd a
he magnecc
fceld aotates .

Cocl oy maqnetc
cotl N fums yo tatm g
Consides a o
seumd
Yadams pe
with am amguda
velou o c

freld own
ag n e t i
wmi foy m m as
U a

h e Fgbe low.
 N

Ema

3 2
O

Concdu wth
the cocl
uM e plame o
wth he
he *Ces the flux d n k ng
&h
Coc has ig mamumum vae Pm a
CE peapemdiula & he x am he Fun

m tage Zeo

at am mstamt
Heme he flun unkag
n Cos cott

G Faraday's l a G elecGs -

Baut accoroum q
magmekcc m dic Feom

N do
e
dt
N d (Pmosot)

= Nw Sun F
mam

e EmaSin ot whuEm N 9man

The emf plotted agavnst Fume will be
Jne
Sum us oidal Co aNefoYm as shown m ry
CA
 definitdoms
Tm po bamt
AItematcoms & Cy c e
whwm am altematng quamt goes hrough ome
me

half Cfcom ple tes a m altemation

c
whm am altematmg quamt agoes hrough a
complete set t u e amd - ve values t u Saud

6 have Coop leted

Time Pesiod (T)
CJhe tume Fakem am se onds t amplefe me
callad as Time peicod (T) Umi- a secendu
Cyele
Fequen cy CE)
Themumbe of cyclas tom pleted pea se cemds by am

altema tong quamtc km own u equma CE)

Unit o hequume Hertg CH)
stam daad requam fov powea sappy
lm Tmdia he

Amplitude.
attaumed by am alt umatma
The. mam mum value
i called a s iG am putud or peak ualu
quamti
Tns tam fameo u Va a
CIhe ua au og. am alteamatm g quamte at am

nnstamt à called mstamfameou vaue

Phase
The phase oj am alteemctcnq quamt q a t am
vstamt the fraccomal past o Fume pesod

hro whrch he quam has advamud

ycle ugh
of 7efey em
tiom e
tYom he selected 3uo posi

Phase o umt pom A =

Phase oJ wmt at Pot
 Avaaq Vaku all
all the valu
aneuage
o
he
metu
ove me uycu
m amatng quamt
Ua h u
ucalud aa
ane a Auuage yc
Aveaag va b se

Smmeiicc! wawe
Tn the case o
G u -v
Chetue half enacty cqual
y va4 ov a
So (hu aveaq
c&
Com pte cu u cqual & 2u0Hemu,
Hhe
eical a u e
For a
Su ome half
vae 9 he awe Cua o
yc oY altematfon
Vaue a mmet i Ca wane
Ave a q ot

= Avea ot yc
b ase

Aveaagx Vau o a Alfeamcliq aucmil

he equahtn o aS musoccaly VAy un

altmafong quamlt vadtape && mb
V Uo Son ot

VaN Area es i altemchton 27

bas e wt

V Vm Snat dést)

Vm 2
637 V,
A
Vanq. o.631V.
o.637 T
 RMS Vau Effective Va ue
he ms vaus og am altewmatumg t *
whem
u cefmed as that ste ady cummt shich
nsutamce for a atvem
3cuem
flowmg
hro ugh a gvem
amoumt o heat a prodkuce
ducas the sam
p10
tume
whem flocomg hrough
by
by the
(the alternatung cumt Fome
same
resüfamce FoY h e same

he

altesmatug quamk
RMS Va u o am

cAaARm á Yeprezem liad

A Sum usoc dalaltemaomg

b i =
Im Sum wt

ATea of e
c

ot)
2

Sun wt) dot)

C A
Sn dCw

Co s 2 wt) dwti
2

2
- Cos 2 t ) d (wt)
2

C 2
[
2

(x-o
27

2-

o 7 07 1,,
Lms
J2

Lyms .707 Tm

= o 1o7 Em
1llE
 Form factov
The Tatco Yms valuu t he
aNaa&
a m alteum atmg quam lm0ouon
ton
as foim fackor

Fo1m fac tar RMS Va

Aveuae Va u e

CunamfF
Fo am
altematg vdtago
mam Va uu
Fovmacto 0 o107
.637 m a -Va
u

= 1.I)

Peak fdctov maimum

va ue
G n Yms

The
he ateo o
kmown
a l F e m a t ng quamet
vaue ot e m
as peak FackoY

Peak Ua u s
Y mS v a
uu

altesmatmg quamte
For Cum
m am Vaue
Peak acko
O.767 M a vauu

4 14
 Phase Ac Civuits
Smg
AC Cvuili
aalteamarun9 Cu m
the Flow oj
he path for

Cvut
Resutive (R)
Pure
it Cos slum p nsi kamu
Comsicdeu a

aC volltGq SOuuC
am
R Comnecked a uoSs

M He V: 5un w
m S wE

R
=Vm Sumwt
Stwt

hu

V m Smwt -0)
A = Lm Su wt

it cam be
By obsew umq equatcoms C)
4 (2)
tn
phase coith
the cuasmt i vin
Comcuded hat
shown below
as
be epresmted
voTFagc 1 cam

Tnstam fama o rowa P

= Vm Sm wt Im Sum w
2, PC
m m Sm w

-Cos 2 wt)
=
Vmm 2

P ove ome cjc

n i a g Powe ,
P AYea o
base
27

m m Ci- Cos 2wt)dut

2
- Cos 2 wt) dwt O

[t), [ (a
=
-

PawgVm P 2.
P VI
 m duchve Ciuuit

onscdea an a lkeama tomg votaq

LHeY
aPpid a pPue b ductama o
as s hown n
rg belo
L

Here
m Sun wt

But V= L di¢

V-VmSm wt
m SunwE
L du =

dt

Vm S n wE dE

Imtega a fumg both sidu

=
VmSn
L
tot dt
l-Cos wt)
A
Stn(t-A)
Y

Im Sum (w R/2)
whene C

XL wL

X 2 FL T ducktv ALackam a m Ohmg.

w e nove V m Smw
= Im Sin (wt-F/) -a)
From eq ua teons () 4 (2) ,if i cuoa hat

Che cuumt Aags behumd he appid volka

b
Tnstam tamio s powe p= V

Vm S m'wt Im Sn (uwtT/2)
Vm Tm Sm Sm (wt-TA)
Vm ImSu c Cos w f

Vm Im Sn 2 wt
2

Po we Avea °1Cme cycle

Avua
 Vm T s 2wt dwt

27
2 t duf
2R
Im Sh

Avelag Powea oveu Com pute Cycu O

bed a
P ductama
Hemc he Po e absor b

u mducecve ciut
Tm a
0)
V Vm Sm
A I m Sn Cwt -R/2) )
Cusimt ags vdtlaq by
HOm hese quakoms,
i/2 i uut
P u wnduckdve

u
Dung he paAG o h cyck C m Powei
4
suPpud From the
souc
tve ne emeug
u maqmekc feeld o vmducFov
.

tm
stoved
eshun h u po we
he Paao3 h e aHcle
Dum
Duung he so wu
magative, emug beumg skumed
vetusnm ed
Suma powes
suppd u equall t pocwe
mductor
ovu ome clk, ne powe abso1bed by
 Pus Capaiteve Cácr
capaeaFoy °ad p a cp ac Fam.
Consc duu a

a cYoSs ohich altematmg uttca

V Vm Smwt a p p u id as sh6wn below

due hich am alteimatmq c mt

(
oj me
Slows chagum he pla
Coulombs
o p a a For cwch a chauqe ot

Heu

Ce Sm wt)

Vm
CCVm Co s wt
9 SC tT/2)
CYac
I SuGwt+/2) -e
N Capqute
2 twhun
haeFamu m Gms

he
a cleas that
2 C ct
From eqn
he voftaq b am
amg
Cuumt uade
A

/2

Tmstamtamuo us Pouu

(wf+4)
V» Sn wt Im S
P Vm Im Sm wt Cos wE
Vnm Sn2 wt
A v a Powe p = Aveace pow e ove a Complet

27

2R
S m 2 wt dw
2
27

2u dwt
27
VnIm S

fo
Hema the Powu absorbed by a pu P

wham Hh
Dunq paai o the ye
the
6
Poce
tue e capailor well be chauged
he pat the yc,
Supply vottaq Duamg
cohem he powe negaue,emeugy bem
t h e S o u e S m u ha powe spplad
ve r t m e d
G u powe tumed ove ome
c
tequaI
absorbeel by a Capaulfon a u0
he k powea
 RL Seaies Cuut
Seue Ciuut as shosn
Comsc dei am RL
Tms Vclu
An altumatung voltagx o
vauu
c p p l e d due which am
im s
u ut
CulemtI Flows through,he

R
-V-

ve ckor he
the vefeyem u
Takm
lakmy Cuunt as

cevwt cam be duawn

he
phaso diagam ot

as hown ¢g

R1R

m phase orh h e Cuunt

The vod kage daop VR
unumt
ads " h e
h e he vottage dop VL
But

2
Cam()

z
I2

hu Z R +*L R+j *L R
Tmpedmu
Z mpedemu com
he m pecwma ( z ) of am ac iuut

defmed as theopposcbcom ot{ eud fo the

flos of alteme omg cusumt m he cduit

Impedum a múas ud Ohms

 omhe vector cuaga am, we cam obsewe

pe
hat CwmtAaqs Vottag by am amge
cwE
- Vm S m

A =Tm Stn (wt -)

Tms tameo Poce P

(wf - o)
Vm S wt ImS n
Sunt s n t - )
Vm L

Bstn)-
cs(a
'.'Sun A
Cos (2 wt-)
= Vm 1m Cos e
Cos (2 wt-
Vn Im o u u c
omP
mIm
Cos aveaape
powu

teums
iu
Fem c o sune
nd
The seon
P VmTm Cos C
AvLa fow ,
Cose

P VI Cos he
fackor
Che
Powee
kmown

Co S e 3
Cwheu

be d e f n
cd
CautF cam
ut
a
i
o
factoy
Tbe
Powu

ways Cosine

Ch follow vmg Co s ed
as
He

Fa ctor d e fo
=

u
P o w uu a
ci cuit Cuumt
o1
fa clGy voftaq
e p o w e

he
berwem

amgle
he Yaeo

as
he
2) cos Cicuut
defmed

a Cu u t
acor of he
he
Powe emu
Ot
m ped
6 he
the
tama
Res ú
as Hhe
Cos VI
Cos
oefim ed
he P owuGtkov powe.
& he Cppcumt

aco
a ue po we

cos
 Powe iamg
CP)
Tau Powe V iGs

A ppcunc Pewe Recct Pecs (a)

= VISune

Powe Aackor u wn
The a m mum

a Saud &
TF C umt kags facFor
votfage powe

be lag9 mg T he unamt a d s votkag

POwes ctov u saud to be leadn 9

RC Seaies CivCwt

CiauE as shoun
Coms i d e am RC sesies

Fo cohich altemarg volkag

Fg am

shich
ms vas V à applied due &
am Yms valu urYemt
uTY
flous hro ugh
Ebe ca uit

vecFor the
as the e t e u m u
cuuumt
Caku g
CcYCut am be daawy
he
Phasor ducgram o
3vem belo
VR
th
V- 1z
V X

IZ
V 1Rv2
 whe u m peclaMa o he A u

R-

Phase amge tam /e)

obsewe har he
From Ehe vectov cdiaqnam we

.
ads he uoffage by an amgu
cumem
Vm Sun t

CImSmt+)
Tnstam Fameos powe, P
Vm Sm wt Im Sum wtte)
Vm Lm Sm wt Sm (wEte) st+ e)

Vm Cos - d Cos (2t +)

-em Ove G
CUvesaqe vau Foy he second
he
u
Commpla Fe c u
Powe, P VmTm os
Aveaaae 2

=.Vm Im Co s
V I Cos G
 Cuit
RLC Seus
as shown
Cu C u t
RLC
Consicd e a
alteumatomg
votko
am
hith
below fo
below, he As ulfin
ms vauu V s ap plied.

C Y Cut
T
Vc

-A
L
VR -VL

cam be s t u d i e d .
Fov h s ci u t 3 cases

Case : wbem L Kc
MOre
ALcclamu
when Che m ductrve
he veckor
ALackama,
ham h e capaittve
ciuit u as shown below
Che
cdao m o
V lX Tmpedlama Kremq
V I z VL Ve

L-Xc

R P

V1 c

CuYTemt

JR+(xL-Xy

Ihe ci c i t i Gumelas am RL i u d

Sm coE
He
ImS m Cwt-e)
tleme P V Cos G
 case Ci) when XXL
whun h e capa utiue Rauctama ó Late ham
u
he vetkor duaqsom
Hhe c d u cFeue eatkama,
own he Fcg

XL
VL Tmpedama hemg

Je

V 1z
-V)

bsemed
het
à o
c6
duagaam,
Tom Ghe vecFor

l u a d the voefag by g a e
he umt
RC cucui
S ume la

+ Cxe-Xu)

z R - j C-Xi)
V Vm SmoE
Heae wEte)
A Im S un

Cmsumed
P= VI Cos P4
Powe
whwm Xc = X He
Capeutiu
case 3 aLackame
equcl fs
Wham d u ctcve hown beloa
u
the veckov ducq am unt u
RAckamu, So he
camal
with ecch o hu
V V qet behane as
a
h e curu t
with voltage.
phase
cui w t
Pue yesu tc ve

Hema Z R

V m Sm cotE
He v1
Sum w t
A Im
VI
Powe Ccoume d P
 Powe amd Po we kcamg

Po t
wea
viamg
V I
VI SUn

VICos
Real Po cse (Tru Powe dv Actcue r o ) CP)
It c defuneda s the pro cluuct o oPPa4
vot toae e a c F c e Com pmen ot Poe
P= V I Cos ¢ watG.
I meas ed m watG mkW

APPAmt PoceCs)
Tt à dfmed as he pYocluct m
vclue o votfae a cnnamt

S = VI
meas ured m voE
Ampeu 0Y kVA

Reactive Po we (Q
I defrmed as he Produch o apPlred

voltag amd Yeactcue Com pomemt o

Cuiimt

=VI S m ¢ VAR
It me VAR oY kAR
vot E ampeu Rattu)
 Problems

A choke coil akes a cmum d 2A lag9nq

oF 2 0 G at
ehmd he applied voltage
SoH3 Caleulae he Teststamu
inductamu Tests tamu
amd m p e demu of he Co. Al So dekm ine

he powe onsumed whem i sonnettd

2
a caoss l0ov 25H
supp
Sofutcom 200,sthy
Tm pedumu
V
Ci) Z 200 loo n J60
R Z Cos e
l o o Co s G o =50

Induckve Racckama XLZ Sume

oo Sm 6o %66n

L= 2 fL
Induckam a, L=
2 2 x 56

6
276 H
3.14 5 0
2 x

Case Ci) Conneched a Ca 6ss oou 2S H

Whem
R L

loov 2S Hy
XL =
27f L, 2 3.14 x2Sx o.216
43.3333N
Z R+j *L
R : S0n

[Link]
So+)43
2 R+x
Cos So 6.7s57
66.16

Cos (Ra) =40.9

 G61

P VI Cose
1O0 SIx .7557

= I14 2 w

connected
he spp
col ú
2 An m ductoy
tauu a wwunt 5A
he cot
amd
250V,
V,5oll
Calulate Ci) Powe factor
clisipakes 7soW the
h e Cocl Ca) Tm ductanu t
Ce) Resu lama

Co

S ofutom Coil I 5A

V = 2 5 6V
.

2SOv, So H

= 750 w
P 12R

R L
2
30
Po we Facko r se
Ci
6 (Aag)
50

Ce) R= 30
Ccei) Z -JR* >2
=40

= 27f
L -

2 f
O 127
23 1450
 It eam atumg votta (*o +jo) a apphed

to a C u t amd he CuAamFlowmg u
he
-4+jio) A md he) vi peduna o

eivciE ( ) Phase amgle i ) Po twe

Coms med

Sdo
Z

I - 4 j o

Z 0+jo 1oo 36

4+1o
= 9 2 -74 44
Ci) 2 2
Cic) hae amqa ) = 14.94e
eed)

(ei) P- VI Cos
o0x 1 o.17 Cos (14.94)
P = 274-« 4W

A
vottaq 106Sm 314t Asapp id
v= & a

CCYt Coma utma o a 252 s foY amn

&oF Cpa utor um sea e
Detemine tpeak
v aue
uumt mt (i) Powu factoY
(iti) Total Po wu Comsumed m he i u F

soturom.
AMW-
25

V m Sn t = loo Sm 314F

70.7IV
Ji
 Cw 314

2T 314

So Hy
f 3142x 3 4

2 R fC sox 16*
2 S6

= 391& R 25n

z Jat
Z R -j *c
25-j 397% 47
= 4 7 [Link]

Ci) Peak V a e o Cuum

T 107
47
sA = 2.12A

ImJ2Y J2 x
i.s = 2-12 A

VICos &
Pocoe
=

(e
7ó.7 x Sx Co s-S7 ss)
= S6 44 W

ana
aaos a capau
e 125v aF co t s
appad
S cwcha m m - mduckcve
Comne cked v seates
caues a ule
s u ov. he comb ma Ftom
a p o u loss o 696 $
cases
A 4
2 2 megligrble
he capctor
ALsútor Pouu loss
he s ú tamu k capa utame
Calculcke

satuttom . P I*R
9 262
C) R
(2.1
2.2 -
125V, Co H

Jz- J(st«-(2*
531a

=499x10FF
 va Cnmt amd
The s(amrameo us

volfag CC C CTCu

omP
2 2 Sm B14 6 - T/3) Yms Vau
Fod t)
V 2% 2 S Sm 3148 vof
u
Cuuumt am d votEa g Cti) Av esaq VG
l e m t o m d uet tage Cit) Frequums ot
h e cs t
app vattGY Ciu Po w e

ssf utcm
Cnivem C2 2 Sun (3 14 t A/s)
2s 2. s Sm 3 I4 F

Cunumt
d
Ci) R MS Va e Uoleage
am

Vm 22.
V V 200V
J2 J2

I Tm 20 A
J

of amd uumE
Cic Aveaage vae VfFaqe

Van .637 Vm
o 637 2 &2 =

Ta O.6 371m 0 6 37x 2 . 2 = I&A

2TF =314

f314 50Hy 2 00V

2
P o u e = VI Coso

200x20 Cos 60 20A

2w
1 A Cuut Comsui o a asúlam e lo ,
duc kama 1 6 m H A capau tamu o soFF

conneced m
seaies A
Suppy v otFag 0 8
So H3 gvem Fo he CtrumtFmd he cunmt

pamd pow ea Comsumed by he i u u t Draw

Hhe vector duagom

Sdukom
I6x10H C S6F
R 16 2 C I6 m H =

= ISox 16 °F

XL 2r fL 2 x 3.14x 5o x 16x 1 0 = s.o24 2

2 1 23 2
27C 2x 3 l4x Só x 1Soxlo
C

immH
Z R+J XL -J Xe

Z 6+jS.024 -21 23J

8) Z 0 j 1 6 . $ 2 = I9.s7/S$ 23
/z o 0 q 5:26A =

Ct) I
(t) Eose = Cos (5 2 3)=6. s20
5 2 O S 2C
) P VICose = loox x

=277 W
 Ihre Phase Cuiuii

here Cr 3 bu
Tm a
3 sstem SepaaFe
wmdn duplaud trom each othea by
idemecal gs
acled upon by
he
com m n
amama oF I20
magmecc fceld
am al
am alemalmg uoltaqe
phase
produa
Each
totmd ung o1
but hy a

amd tyequem,
maqn tude 1201
angla o
Same
o am
ohea by
ou pla
ad From each
elechcccel

120

A
/27

B 20

he mduced
uattom for
The eq

A Em Sn cwE
Cm Sm (wt-120) 20
Ep 120
Gm Stn Cwt
-

240)
Ec 1 20

= m Sun
(wt + 12 0)
a
he o the emf
Sum

Eveymstam 2a0

+12°)
Sin (wt
126) +Gm
m Sm wt + ¬m Sum Cwt -
0)+Snlwt+2)

wt + Sm (wt-12
CmSm 120
Cos wt Sum
cot + S n wt cos | 20 -

mSn
Stm wt Cos 1 26 + Cos wtsm 2

Sm wt Sm t
-

Suin wE
Cm
-
 Phase e q uema

The vde v ohech the votfaqes a t

in he Cocl Aache theiy
three phaaes or
ma mum posiftve vaues Called phase

Sequme
The emf CowefoYm sho cws Cha thy
EA AaQch
Fsm"Ut
antCmwm
m vaue fusf thep Ep mnd

en E the
He the ovd e Cohcn
em Fs Teach A, B,C
h e mamm umo vauus
(Comsi davmq otatcom amticlo ck awue

dunctcom)
Advamtaga o 3Phase Sstems OveA Smg&
Phase sstem
) To Yam smit a gvem amoumt o Powu
Oves a iven o s t a m a e s s Coppe amd

o he marercal cs Asquuid For 3 Syatems

eeld cam be pro duud

C Rotqtomg magmetec
mofors a
sma 3 sgstem. Hemce 3
ohe le l motovs
self s tautmg

(3) For qvem atung

4 uaftce a
3 syslem
ss Cos Compasud &
occup(es uss spac 4
sstem
Smg phase
skA SYstem it a poSse blu
4 I case o 3
sbtaum lowa voltag betwm phase

0 eui al Fov domeska use amd h cgha volkae

coihout enic Cost
fo r1 m dus h a l use

w h e as em me vaftge Cam be obfar ed

mgPhaae slems
hae phase mooYs PYo du umilovm torqu

bheae a s the to1G e procuud by he lo motos a

Pul samg
 3 Sgatems avc steady oupu-

3 Connectiens

maka he sstem less

Tn a 3¢ system fo
a mkes connected by
e pems(Ve, he thvee ph s

C) SFan Conneckron

(2) DeItà Conne ctom

C) Sta Connecron Sumclau em ds o 3 Cet

Tm hus sgstem,
commen
jmctcom
form a
fogehe o
JOmed

point N as s hown belo

eutral
Y

VaN
VeN

VyN

me amd meutal pomt

h e voltage betweem amy

CS called the phase voltage

caled
betweam amy two ltnes s
ihe voltage
Lene volkeqe.
called
flown c the phase
Ihe Cu mt q

phase CuTYemt-
umes a u cal&d
Um he
he CuiYemtflow umg

me uTYema
he meutval pomt
Im StCA Conne ct con f
4re
mected hem t & calud a 30,
Sstem. Ohe Cwue E Ccalhd au 30 3 wire sqstem.
(2) Delta o1 Me sh Connectm
(2)
melau emds
the dusse
In hu sstem ,

to gehu.
Che phase wndum% joened a

The stautnq emd» o

one
Cocl g ennected
So om
end ot Che ohe
fo heFmuhmg
Con nected m Seans to torm
Ths the CocG G

Jhus Sgsten called a

closed mesh.

3 3wive System

Vp

Lme
vete
Relafcm betwwn Line
balamad
awamt m
vdtaq
vawws o
S t a Cennecttom

Tn SFCu Ccnnecktom

Line Utta = Ja Phae Vol

V Ja Vph
Cussunt = Phase Cuaunt
Lne

T-Tph

ProoF
Conscdu he balamcd
phase
sto mnecten houn
 V B N

20 VeN

uoe volfog
Censideumg the
(the ume RY h e me voto
equal to he phasor d ffesam RN YyN
VRY

VRY RN N

VRYVaN
Cos 60

(VRY C VaN)+ (vy+2pN yN x O SS

3(Vph)
J Vph sta Connected
Stas
.

V
Lone amd Phase Cunamk

cleaa that he c s mb
h om he Feg, it a

will be he
tlowm g hrough he phase wmdng
Same hat o ume Cuamt

Tph Tph

Lm e Cuansmt = Pbese C mt

TL Tph
 Poe
load
hepowe Cma tUm ed
or a
balanud

a
SVme
s eahead phase

Tefal Potuee, P
3 ( 4 Powea))

P vhph Gos
J

P JVLTL«s 4
Phase valuss
betcoeun Lone and
Relattom ship
v Balanud Delra
o voltage& Cuunts

Conne ckcon

amd Phase Voltages

Lme
obsesve that, h
FYom he feg 6ue
au
lines
betwrem he phases amd
voltage
S ame

Phase Vottage
= Lehe Ve[tage

Vph V

Vp

uwmk
Lume am d Ph ase

Cusmt =
Ja PhGse uumt
Line

IL- JTph
 Aoof
h e phasoor
The cunLmt m ume C equal fo
i n h etwo phase
diffeum« o
atached o he ume

Te
Tye
pR

IR
22
(1sR)+ 212, Tng Ces Go
3 R TRY+

T J3 Tph
P 3x1¢ Peua)
PowuA

P
3Vph ph Co s

P 3 VL IL Cos

P v I Cos e
 3Pbase

delta coonected 2d
A balamced
cu}errt
400v, s uppy Ihe urne
to fa! powe absorbed by the locGd
s lokw
Calculate
vin cach bramch
(i) Ihe uopedenu
Tbe Powe factot
(2)
(3) Tbe (total power nnecte d
sfau Co
cmpeclemu delte
2oA For A Comnected
Vph=V = 4cov
400v
20

400
= 34. 63 2
() Zp h
Lph
o. 72 I6
P
C) co se

Stal Comneccom
For
23| U
400
Vph=
23J 667A

34. 63
Zph

P= S3 V, I Cos e
216
6-67x o.7

Connected o Gd <ppled
A balane d sta
symmeical 3, 400v (l-) suppy
2

fy om S6A & lags

he cuiel cach phae
vot taye . Fms d
36 behnd (he 6) phase
 cinpedme
Cic) Phac
voftaqe duaw n
pow
Acte d [Link]

sotn e=3o

Gven Ve
Conncetcom
Foy stu
236-94U
Ci) Vph VL 400
S3 S3

230. 44 4. 622

(«) Aceve Powe

G00 y 50 x 6os 3 O
FJ3 x

P36k

Ccv) fReactive Powu,

S n 3o
= S3x 400
1. 32 kvAR.

Conneckd
3 A 3 ¢ oad o equal m pedems
dlta a aco SS a balamed 4o oU Supply
heise at c
(alces a
D.1 eg9 g. Caleulal
phase went
(i) Tbe tota| Powe
(he bo tcl Reccteue voti ampu
(i)
= loA

1
6-7

[Link]
 4.45 kvAg

esistos
4
3 phase suppy
lne curen 4 pocJu
(o) fmd phasc Cuemt
diawn from s ppy
be
Ghe above v a e

CUe
desconneckcd

Soetion
Fo S Commecoy
2 30-44 U
= 400
Vph Ve
J3

400V 236 94
(*) Iph So
Zpb
4 62 A

= 46 2 A
(ii) IL = Iph

(iic) P= Js V, I, os

Resitia
oad)
3 2 k w

dii commected
Ge
400 - 4A
SOtSO
400u
P= VI
400x 4
|600w
 J+ Zph Iph (i)
I32-7S
Vpb
132.79
Vph
|32 230
mnuctea Co
steu Fov sofn
Powee
R2actue
ampu supply
votl total Fonñd
ne he
faelor Powe phase Pe
Comected
230 alanud b A
J
nnected Co
load
kw 46 46.
440x
76.2|x
Totl (u)
wee Po
44Ox
44
JS-44
kw
/Phe Powee=
=Vph
Iph
sCo
Cos
R
N
Iph JsI:
J3 44
x
.2|A
76
=44A
440
zph 4400
Uph
Vph V= (9
44ov = Po
we Total (vi)
Iph Cic)
Cos (iv)
(he FoY
shocn
colobe S
fmd
Untutcd
 Cos e R

(o)

236 x|3 2 vo
(v) Reackrt Pocwca

-3|7 VA2

)Total Uotl ampe

-S24k

load co ncmed a
) A 3 cel la Comecl ed belamud
po wa
Fmd paam etu
cach Phase

P = GG kw I, - 200 A ,= 460U
Iph= LL
Zph= Uph
=34642
Tph = 200-|S4)

Pe J3 V, Leos
3

R= Zph Cose = 34 64 «o.433

3.464 Ko.G01
FL
X =2 XL 3|2
2
 sta Conneced Load
A balanced 3 Phae

to o kW takes a I|kw,So HyFmd

Co nne cled
a co s
R,Z,C Pa pha

S ofn
P loo k w
Comnecid
Giuem
V=

=
635. |V
Vph
J3
G 3S|

Co s =
J2VTc

Cici)
=S. 22

Ccu) Xc=Zs

S32-S f