[Link].
in
Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
INTEXT QUESTIONS
Question 1: Why does a compass needle get deflected when brought near a bar magnet?
Answer: A compass needle is a small bar magnet. When it is brought near a bar magnet, its
magnetic field lines interact with that of the bar magnet. Hence, a compass needle shows a
deflection when brought near the bar magnet.
Question 2: Draw magnetic field lines around a bar magnet.
Answer:
Question 3: List the properties of magnetic lines of force.
Answer: The properties of magnetic lines of force are as follows.
(a) Magnetic field lines emerge from the north pole.
(b) They merge at the south pole.
(c) The direction of field lines inside the magnet is from the south pole to the north pole.
(d) Magnetic lines do not intersect with each other.
Question 4: Why don’t two magnetic lines of force intersect each other?
Answer: If two field lines of a magnet intersect, then at the point of intersection, the compass
needle points in two different directions. This is not possible. Hence, two field lines do not
intersect each other.
Question 5: Consider a circular loop of wire lying in the plane of the table. Let the current
pass through the loop clockwise. Apply the right-hand rule to find out the direction of the
magnetic field inside and outside the loop.
Answer:
Applying the right hand thumb rule, the magnetic field inside the loop is in vertically downward
direction and outside the loop, it is in vertically upward direction.
Question 6: The magnetic field in a given region is uniform. Draw a diagram to represent it.
[Link]
[Link]
The magnetic field lines inside a current-carrying long straight solenoid are uniform.
Question 7: Choose the correct option.
The magnetic field inside a long straight solenoid-carrying current
(a) is zero
(b) decreases as we move towards its end
(c) increases as we move towards its end
(d) is the same at all points
Answer: (d) It is the same at all points inside the solenoid.
Question 8 : Which of the following property of a proton can change while it moves freely in
a magnetic field? (There may be more than one correct answer.)
(a) mass
(b) speed
(c) velocity
(d) momentum
Answer: (d) momentum
Question 9: In Activity 13.7, how do we think the displacement of rod AB will be affected if
(i) current in rod AB is increased;
(ii) a stronger horse-shoe magnet is used; and
(iii) length of the rod AB is increased?
Solution:
A current-carrying conductor, when placed in a magnetic field, experiences force. The magnitude
of this force will increase with the increase in the amount of current, the length of the conductor
and the strength of the magnetic field. Hence, the strength of the magnetic force exerted on the rod
AB and its displacement will increase if
1. The current in rod AB is increased
[Link]
[Link]
2. A stronger horseshoe magnet is used
3. When the length of the rod AB increases
Question10: A positively-charged particle (alpha-particle) projected towards the west is
deflected towards north by a magnetic field. The direction of magnetic field is
1. towards south
2. towards east
3. downward
4. upward
Solution: d. upward
Question 11: Name two safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and appliances.
Answer: Two safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and appliances are as follows:
(i) Each circuit must be connected with an electric fuse. This prevents the flow of excessive
current through the circuit.
(ii) Earthing is a must to prevent electric shocks. Any leakage of current in an electric
appliance is transferred to the ground and people using the appliance do not get the shock.
Question 12: An electric oven of 2 kW is operated in a domestic electric circuit (220 V) that
has a current rating of 5 A. What result do you expect? Explain.
Answer: Current drawn by the electric oven can be obtained by the expression,
Formula
P = VI
Where,
Current = I
Power of the oven, P = 2 kW = 2000 W
Voltage supplied, V = 220 V
Hence, the current drawn by the electric oven is 9.09 A, which exceeds the safe limit of the circuit.
Fuse element of the electric fuse will melt and break the circuit.
Question 13: What precaution should be taken to avoid the overloading of domestic electric
circuits?
Answer: The precautions that should be taken to avoid the overloading of domestic circuits are as
follows:
(a) Too many appliances should not be connected to a single socket.
(b) Too many appliances should not be used at the same time.
[Link]
[Link]
(c) Faulty appliances should not be connected in the circuit.
(d) Fuse should be connected in the circuit.
EXERCISE QUESTIONS
Question 1: Which of the following correctly describes the magnetic field near a long straight
wire?
(a) The field consists of straight lines perpendicular to the wire
(b) The field consists of straight lines parallel to the wire
(c) The field consists of radial lines originating from the wire
(d) The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire
Answer: (d) The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire
Question 2: At the time of short circuit, the current in the circuit
(a) reduces substantially
(b) does not change
(c) increases heavily
(d) vary continuously
Answer: (c) increases abruptly.
Question 3: State whether the following statements are true or false.
(a) The field at the centre of a long circular coil carrying current will be parallel straight lines.
(b) A wire with a green insulation is usually the live wire of an electric supply.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
Question 4: List two methods of producing magnetic fields.
Answer: Three sources of magnetic fields are as follows:
(a) Current-carrying conductors
[Link]
[Link]
(b) Permanent magnets
(c) Electromagnets
Question 5: When is the force experienced by a current-carrying conductor placed in a
magnetic field largest?
Answer: The force experienced by a current-currying conductor is the maximum when the
direction of current is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.
Question 6: Imagine that you are sitting in a chamber with your back to one wall. An
electron beam, moving horizontally from back wall towards the front wall, is deflected by a
strong magnetic field to your right side. What is the direction of magnetic field?
Answer: The direction of magnetic field is given by Fleming’s left hand rule. it can be concluded
that the direction of magnetic field inside the chamber is downward.
Question7: State the rule to determine the direction of a
(i) magnetic field produced around a straight conductor-carrying current
(it) force experienced by a current-carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic field which is
perpendicular to it, and
iii) current induced in a coil due to its rotation in a magnetic field.
Answer:
(i) Right hand thumb rule :
(ii) Fleming’s left hand rule
(iii) Fleming’s right hand rule
Question 8: When does an electric short circuit occur?
Answer: If the resistance of an electric circuit becomes very low, then the current flowing through
the circuit becomes very high. This is caused by connecting too many appliances to a single socket
or connecting high power rating appliances to the light circuits. This results in a short circuit.
When the insulation of live and neutral wires undergoes wear and tear and then touches each other,
the current flowing in the circuit increases abruptly. Hence, a short circuit occurs.
Question 9: What is the function of an earth wire? Why is it necessary to earth metallic
appliances?
Answer: The metallic body of electric appliances is connected to the earth by means of earth wire
so that any leakage of electric current is transferred to the ground. This prevents any electric shock
to the user. That is why earthing of the electrical appliances is necessary.
[Link]