IRREGULAR VERB LIST All three forms are the same.

SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
Cost Cost Cost Let Let Let
Cut Cut Cut Put Put Put
Fit Fit Fit Quit Quit Quit
Hit Hit Hit Spread Spread Spread
Hurt Hurt Hurt Split Split Split

IRREGULAR VERB LIST Past participle ends in En.

SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
Bite Bit Bitten Hide Hid Hidden
Break Broke Broken Ride Rode Ridden
Choose Chose Chosen Rise Rose Risen
Drive Drove Driven Shake Shook Shaken
Eat Ate Eaten Speak Spoke Spoken
Fall Fell Fallen Steal Stole Stolen
Forget Forgot Forgotten Take Took Taken
Forgive Forgave Forgiven Wake Woke Woken
Freeze Froze Frozen Write Wrote Written
Get Got Gotten / got Give Gave Given

IRREGULAR VERB LIST Vowel changes from a in the simple past to u in the past participle.

SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
Begin began Begun Sing Sang Sung
drink Drank Drunk Sink Sank Sunk
ring Rang Rung swim Swam Swum
run Ran Run Shrink Shrank Shrunk
IRREGULAR VERB LIST Past tense and past participle forms are the same.

SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
Bend Bent Bent Mean Meant Meant
Bleed Bled Bled Meet Met Met
Bring Brought Brought Pay Paid Paid
Build Built Built Read Read Read
Buy Bought Bought Say Said Said
Catch Caught Caught Sell Sold Sold
Feed Fed Fed Send Sent Sent
Fight Fought Fought Shoot Shot Shot
Find Found Found Sit Sat Sat
Grind Ground Ground Sleep Slept Slept
Have Had Had Spend Spent Spent
Hear Heard Heard Stand Stood Stood
Hold Held Held Stick Stuck Stuck
Keep Kept Kept Sweep Swept Swept
Leave Left Left win Won Won
Lend Lent Lent Teach Taught Taught
Lose Lost Lost Tell Told Told
Make Made Made Think Thought Thought
Light Lit Lit Understand Understood Understood

IRREGULAR VERB LIST Past Participle adds final N to the simple past, with or without a spelling change.

SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
Blow Blew Blown See Saw Seen
Do Did Done Swear Swore Sworn
Draw Drew Drawn Throw Threw Thrown
Fly Flew Flown Wear Wore Worn
Grow Grew Grown Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn
Know Knew Known Lie Lay Lain
 IRREGULAR VERB LIST – The first and third forms are IRREGULAR VERB LIST One of the three forms is very
the same. different.

SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

Become Became Become Be Was/were Been

Come Came Come Go Went Gone

Run Ran Run

IRREGULAR VERB LIST They are both REGULAR AND IRREGULAR

SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
FORM
Awake Awakened/ Awakened/awoken Prove Proved/proven Proved/proven
awoken
Burn Burned/burnt Burned/burnt Shine Shined/shone Shined/shone
Dream Dreamed/dreamt Dreamed/dreamt Smell Smelled/smelt Smelled/smelt
Kneel Kneeled/knelt Kneeled/knelt Spill Spilled/spilt Spilled/spilt
learn Learned/learnt Learned/learn spoil Spoil/spoilt Spoil/spoilt

Past participle Past Participle

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________
 __________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

__________________ __________________

IRREGULAR VERB LIST Past participle ends in En.

SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

Ride Ridden Steal Stolen

Broke Broken Take

Choose Chose Woke Woken

Drive Driven Buy Bought

Fell Fallen Catch Caught

Forgave Found

Begin Begun Hear Heard

Rang Rung Held

Brought Keep Kept

Pay Paid Lent Lent

Said Lose
 Present Perfect vs. Simple Past
Directions: Choose the correct completions.
Example: Joe _____ to check his email last night.
a. forgot b. has forgotten
1. I _______ a cup of coffee since this 6. Luka _________ home right after school
morning. yesterday.
a. didn't have b. haven't had a. walked b. has walked
7. Sam __________ Swiss cheese.
2. Norita _________ French in Paris last
a. never ate b. has never eaten
year. 8. Rachael _________ her essay two hours
a. studied b. has studied ago.
3. Ms. Field ________ English in Thailand in a. finished b. has finished
2005. 9. My uncle __________ since last Thursday
a. taught b. has taught for his package to arrive.
4. We _________ to the art museum several a. waited b. has waited
10.10. Stephanie __ a journalist for ten
times.
years, from 1997 to 2007.
a. went b. have gone a. was b. has been
5. My son __________ his driving test three
times so far.
a. failed b. has failed

Directions: Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect or the simple past form of the
verb in the parentheses.

Example: Janice (talk, not) has not talked to her college roommate for many years.

[Link] (catch) _________________ several big fish so far this weekend.

2. It's too bad we have to cancel the party. I (call) ______________ some of the guests yesterday. I
(call, not) ________ ____________________ everybody yet.
3. Miss Ames (give) _______________________ the students a lot of quizzes so far this term.
4. I just (meet) ______________ Suzanne three months ago. I really (know, not)
__________________________ her long.
5. Beth (work) _____________________ as a teacher for many years. Now she is retired.
6. You (change) ______________________ a lot since we (see) ______________ you last.
7. My hair (grow) _____________________ six inches in the last year.

EXERCISE Looking at grammar. Present Progressive & Present

Perfect Progressive
Complete the sentences with is, are, has been, or have been.

1. Mr. and Mrs. Jones _____________sitting outside on their porch right now. They _____________
sitting there since after dinner.
2. The test begins at 1:00. Right now it's 11:00. Sara is at the library. She ___________ reviewing
her notes right now. She ______________________ reviewing her notes all morning.
3. Marco wants to buy a pair of jeans. He _____________ waiting for a cashier right now. He
_____________standing there for over five minutes. He needs to find someone.
EXERCISE Looking at grammar.
Complete the email with the present perfect progressive form of the verbs in parentheses.

From: Jack
To: Dawson/Reedfamily Subject: Update
Today at 8:18 PM
Hi everyone,
Here is a quick update on our family's activities for the past month.
My brother (look) ________________________ (1) for a new job. My sister (help)
_____________________________ (2) my parents find a new place to live. I (work)
_____________________________ (3) 80-hour weeks at my new job and (get, not)
_____________________________________ (4) much sleep. My grandparents (travel)
________________________ (5) overseas. My grandmother (do) ha____________________________ (6)
research for a travel blog that she writes.
As you can see, we've all been very busy!

EXERCISE Let's talk: pairwork.

With a partner, take turns asking and answering questions. Use the phrases in the parenthesis
and the present perfect progressive for the answer.

Why are you shivering? 1. I've ....... (stand outside in the cold)
What took you so long? We're late! 2. I got lost. I've ........ (drive around the city)
Do you know you have a milk mustache? 3. Oops. I've .........( drink a milkshake)
When are you going to take a break? 4. Soon. I've ....... (work for six hours straight)
Why are you under the kitchen sink? 5. I've ........ (try to fix a leak)
I've been calling you. Didn't you hear me? 6. No, I've ........( listen to music with my
What?? Why are you looking at me like headphones on)
that? 7. Nothing's wrong. I've just ... (admire your new
Your eyes are really red. Have you been hairstyle)
crying? 8. No, I've ... (swim in the pool)

Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Progressive

Directions: Decide if the sentence is correct (C) or incorrect (I). If incorrect, make the necessary
changes.

Example: C I
_✔_ ___ She has been reading her book since dinner.
___ _✔_ Nance has been seeing that movie three times.
C I
___ ___1. Rob has been working on his report for two hours.

___ ___2. Sarah has been going to that museum four times.

___ ___3. Niko has been taking several computer classes.

___ ___4. Jordan has not been studying American history this year.

___ ___5. Ruth has been being sick since Monday.

___ ___6. Martha has been reading that book several times.

___ ___7. The Marshalls have been living in Boston for five years.

___ ___8. Gerhard has been teaching English at Vienna High for nine years.

___ ___9. Faisal has not been visiting his grandmother yet.

___ ___10. Teresa has been watching TV since she got home from school.

Practice. The perfect and the perfect progressive tenses.

Choose the sentence that means the same as the given sentence(s). Underline or circle the letter
of the sentence.

1. We've been watching TV all night. 6. I'm not going home for the summer
a. We are still watching TV. break. I'll be studying. -
b. We watched TV until a little while a. I have a lot of studying to do.
b. I don't have a lot of studying to do.
ago.
7. At the beginning of the new year, I'll
2. I've already done my homework. start a new job.
a. I'm still doing my homework. a. I'll start a new job before the new
b. I've finished my homework. year begins.
3. The baby was crying when I picked him b. I'll start a new job when the new
up. year begins.
a. First the baby cried. Then I picked 8. By the beginning of the new year, I will
have started my new job.
him up.
a. I'll start a new job before the new
b. First I picked up the baby. Then he year begins.
cried. b. I'll start a new job when the new
4. The baby cried when I picked him up. year begins.
a. First the baby cried. Then I picked 9. Joe and his family had cleaned the
him up. whole house before his parents arrived.
b. First I picked up the baby. Then he a. The house was already clean when
cried. his parents arrived.
b. The house was not yet clean when
5. Don't wake me up when you get home his parents arrived.
at midnight. I'll be sleeping then.
a. I'm going to go to sleep before
midnight.
b. I'm going to go to sleep after
midnight.

Practice. The present perfect and the present perfect progressive.

Circle the correct verb.

1. Sam and Judy began talking on the phone at 9:00 P.M. Now it is 11:00 P.M., and they are
still talking. They (have talked / have been talking) for two hours.
2. Sam and Judy speak to each other on the phone several times a day. They are speaking on
the phone now, and they might speak again later. Today they (have spoken / have been
speaking) to each other on the phone at least seven times.
3. England (has won / has been winning) the World Cup only once since 1930.
4. How long (have you sat / have you been sitting) here in the sun? You look like burnt toast!
You'd better get out of the sun.
5. The chair in the president's office is very special. Sixteen presidents (have sat / have been
sitting) in it.
Practice The present perfect and the present perfect progressive.
Complete the sentences. Write either the present perfect or the present perfect progressive of
the verbs in parentheses.

1. The children are at the park. They (play) ___________________________ ball for the last two
hours, but they don't seem tired yet.
2. Jim (play) ___________________________ only a couple of times, so he's not very good at it. He's
much better at tennis.
3. Karl (raise) ___________________________ three children to adulthood. Now they are educated
and working in productive careers.
4. Sally is falling asleep at her desk. Dr. Wu (lecture) ___________________________ since ten
o'clock, and it's now past noon.
5. Jenna is a law student. Ever since she enrolled in law school, she (miss, never)
__________________________ a class due to illness.
6. Tim (sleep) ___________________________ in the downstairs bedroom only once. He usually
sleeps upstairs in the bedroom he shares with his brother.
7. A: How much longer until we arrive at the Singapore airport?
B: Let me see. It's about 9:15. We (fly) ___________________________ for almost six hours. We
should be there in another couple of hours.
8. A: Janice (sleep) ___________________________ for almost eleven hours. Don't you think we
should wake her up?
B: I guess we probably should.
9. A: Is the rescue crew still looking for survivors of the plane crash?
B: Yes, they (search) ___________________________ the area for hours, but they haven't found
anybody else. They'll keep searching until nightfall.

Practice. The present perfect and the present perfect progressive.

Write the present perfect or the present perfect progressive of the verbs in the list. Use each
verb only once. Include any words in parentheses.
Cook Hear Paint Stand Understand
Grow Meet Spend Travel Want

1. Bill and Mike have never gotten along with each other. I (never) have never understood why
they agreed to be roommates in the first place.
2. Al just introduced me to his sister. Now I ____________________ everyone in his family.
3. Ms. Erickson is a salesclerk in a large department store. It's almost closing time. Her feet hurt,
as they do every day, because she ____________________ at the sales counter since eight
o'clock this morning.
4. My uncle ____________________ the outside of his house for three weeks, and he's still not
finished. He's being very careful. He wants his house to look just right.
5. I'm surprised that George apologized for what he said. As far as I can remember, I (never)
____________________ him say "I'm sorry" before.
6. The Smiths are presently in Tunisia. They ____________________ throughout North Africa since
the middle of May. They'll return home in another month.
7. My brother's daughter ____________________ nearly six inches (15 cm) since I last saw her two
years ago.
8. I have always ____________________ to travel abroad. Now the company I work for is going to
send me on a sales trip to several countries.
9. A: How much money do you have to buy clothes with?
B: Sixty dollars
A: I thought you had a hundred dollars.
B: I did. But I (already) ____________________ forty.