SECTION – B

1-Mark Questions
Q1. Is current density scalar or vector quantity?
Q2. Steady current is flowing in cylindrical conductor. Does electric field exist within the
conductor?
Q3. When a straight wire of resistance R bent into U-shape, does its resistance change?
Q4. If the radius of copper wire is doubled, will its specific resistance increase, decrease or remain
same?
Q5. What is the effect of heating of conductor on the drift velocity of free electrons?
Q6. A uniform wire resistance 50 ohms is into equal parts. These parts are now connected parallel.
What the value equivalent resistance of combination?
Q7. What happens to the power dissipation if the value of electric current passing through
conductor of constant resistance doubled?
Q8. Define the resistivity and write the SI unit.
Q9. A wire resistivity p stretched double length. What will be new resistivity?
[Link] is the Significance of positive value of temperature coefficient of resistivity?
Q11. What is the significance of negative value of temperature coefficient of resistivity?
Q12. What happens to internal resistance of a cell after long use?
Q13. Write the relation between internal resistance, EMF, and terminal potential difference of a
cell
Q14. Under what condition EMF of a cell is less than terminal potential difference.
Q15. How does the relaxation time of electron in the conductor change when temperature of the
conductor decreases.
Q16. Resistors of high value are made up of carbon. Why?

Multiple Choice Questions (Each 1M)

Q17. In a current carrying conductor, the ratio of the electric field and the current density at a
point is called
(a) Resistivity (b) Conductivity (c) Resistance (d) Mobility

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Q18. Consider a current carrying wire (current I) in the shape of a circle. Note that as the current
progresses along the wire, the direction of j (current density) changes in an exact manner, while
the current I remain unaffected. The agent that is essentially responsible for is ________
(a) source of emf.
(b) electric field produced by charges accumulated on the surface of wire.
(c) the charges just behind the given segment of wire which push them just the right way by
repulsion
(d) the charges ahead
Q19. Calculate the conductance and conductivity of a wire of resistance 0.01 Ω and area of cross
section 10-4 m2 and length 0.1 m.
(a) 10 S and 105 S m-1
(b) 100 S and 104S m-1
(c) 100 S and 106S m-1
(d)100 S and 105 S m-1
Q20. The V-I characteristics of four circuit elements are shown. Which of these is ohmic?
(a) I

V
(b) I

V
(c) I

V
(d) I

V
Q21. The current-voltage (I-V) graph for a given metallic wire at two different temperatures T1
and T2 are shown in figure. It follows from the graph that:
T1

T2

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 V

(a) T1>T2
(b) T1<T2
(c) T1 = T2
(d) T1 is greater or less than T2 depending on whether the resistance R of the wire is greater
or less than the ratio V/I.
Q22. A wire has a non-uniform cross-section as shown in the figure. If a steady current is flowing
through it, then the drift speed of the electrons:

A B
(a)is constant throughout the wire
(b) decreases from A to B
(c) increases from A to B
(d) varies randomly
Q23. The I-V characteristics shown in figure represents:
I

(a) ohmic conductors (b) non-ohmic conductors

(c) Insulators (d) superconductors
Q24.A metal wire is subjected to a constant potential difference. When the temperature of the
metal wire increases, the drift velocity of the electron in it:
(a) increases, thermal velocity of electron increases
(b) decreases, thermal velocity of electron increases
(c) increases, thermal velocity of electron decreases
(d) decreases, thermal velocity of electron decreases
[Link] of 4.8 amperes is flowing through a conductor. The number of electrons crossing any
cross-section per second will be:
(a) 3 × 1019 (b) 7.68 × 1021 (c) 7.68 × 1020 (d) 3 × 1020
[Link]’s law deals with the relation between:
(a) current and potential difference
(b) capacity and charge

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(c) capacity and potential
(d) charge and potential difference
Q27. Ohm’s law is valid when the temperature of the conductor is _____:
(a) constant (b) very high (c) very low (d) varying
[Link]’s law is valid for:
(a)metallic conductors at low temperature
(b)metallic conductors at high temperature
(c)electrolytes when current passes through them
(d)diode when current flows
[Link] gallium-arsenide material, Ohm’s law does not hold good because:
(a)current remains constant for any value of voltage
(b)resistance is infinite
(c)negative resistance exists in the voltage-current variation
(d)current goes to infinite at very low voltages
[Link] the length and area of cross-section both are doubled, then its resistance:
(a) will become half
(b)will be doubled
(c)will remain the same
(d)will become four times
[Link] a metallic wire, the ratio V/I (V = the applied potential difference, I = current flowing):
(a)is independent of temperature.
(b)increases as the temperature rises.
(c)decreases as the temperature rises.
(d)increases or decreases as temperature rises, depending upon the metal.
Q32. A battery consists of a variable number ′n′ of identical cells (having internal resistance ′r′ each) which
are connected in series. The terminals of the battery are short-circuited and the current I is measured. Which
of the graphs shows the correct relationship between I and n?

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[Link] velocity vd varies with the intensity of electric field as per the relation

(a) vd ∝ E (b) vd ∝ (c) vd = constant (d) vd ∝ E2

Q34. The I-V characteristics shown in figure represents

(a) ohmic conductors (b) non-ohmic conductors

(c) insulators (d) superconductors
Q35. In the circuit shown, if a conducting wire is connected between points A and B, the current

in this wire will

(a) flow in the direction which will be decided by the value of V
(b) be zero
(c) flow from B to A
(d) flow from A to B

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[Link] following figure shows currents in a part of electrical
circuit, then the value of I (in ampere) is given by :

(a) 0.3 A (b) 0.5 A

(c) 1.3 A (d) None of these
Q37. Two batteries of emf 4 V and 8V with internal resistance 1 ohm and 2 ohm are connected in
a circuit with a resistance of 9 W as shown in figure.

The current and potential difference between the points P and Q are

a) 1 /3 A and 3 V (b) 1 /6 A and 4 V

(c) 1 /9 A and 9 V (d) 1 /12 A and 12 V
Q38. In a Wheatstone bridge all the four arms have equal resistance 2R. If the resistance of the
galvanometer arm A B is also R, the equivalent resistance of the combination as seen by the battery
is
(a) 2 R (b) R (c)2R (d) 4 R

Assertion-Reasoning Questions

Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason.
While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four
responses.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
[Link]: There is no current in the metals in absence of electric field.
Reason: Motion of free electrons is randomly.
Q40. Assertion: A wire carrying an electric current has no electric field around it.
Reason: Rate of flow of electrons in One direction is equal to rate of flow of protons in opposite
direction

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Q41. Assertion: In a simple battery circuit, the point of the lowest potential is positive terminal of
the battery.
Reason: The current flows towards the point of the higher potential, as it does in such a circuit
from the negative to the positive terminal
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
Q42. The metallic conductor is at temperature Ꝋ 1. The temperature of metallic conductor is
increased to Ꝋ2. How will the product of resistivity and conductivity change? Why?
Q43. Specific resistance copper, silver constantan are 1.18 x 10 -6, 1 x 10-6, and 45 x 106 ohm cm
respectively. Which is the best electrical conductor and why? Q44.
Nichrome and copper wires of same length and same radius are
connected in series. Current I is passed through them. Which wire
gets heated up more? Justify your answer.
Q45. I - V graph for a metallic wire at two different temperatures,
T1 and T2 is as shown in the figure. Which of the two temperatures is lower and why?

Q46. What conclusion can you draw from the following observations on a resistor made of an
alloy manganin?

Current A Voltage V Current A Voltage V

0.2 3.94 3.0 59.2

0.4 7.87 4.0 78.8

0.6 11.8 5.0 98.6

0.8 15.7 6.0 118.5

1.0 19.7 7.0 138.2

2.0 39.4 8.0 158.0

Q47. An electric bulb rated for 500W at 100V is used in circuit having a 200V supply. Calculate
the resistance R that must be put in series with the bulb, so that the bulb delivers 500W.

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Q48. Why is Wheatstone Bridge method considered unsuitable for measurement of very low
resistances?
Q49. Why is the Wheatstone method considered Unsuitable for measurement of very high
resistances?
Q50.A Battery of emf 3 volt and internal resistance r is connected in series with 55 ohms through
an ammeter of resistance 1 ohm. The ammeter reads 50 mA. Draw the circuit diagram and calculate
value of r.
Q51. Derive the conditions for obtaining maximum current through external resistance connected
across a series combination of n identical cells.
Q52. Derive condition for obtaining maximum current through an external resistance connected to
a parallel combination of n identical cells.
Q53. Two identical cells, whether joined in series or in parallel give the same current, when
connected to an external resistance of 1 ohm. Find the internal resistance of each cell.
Q54. Two wire one of copper and other of manganin have same resistance and equal length. Which
wire is thicker?
Q55. When does the terminal voltage of a cell become (i) greater than its emf (ii) less than its emf?
Q56.A car battery is of 12V. Eight dry cells of 1.5 V connected in series also give 12V, but such
a combination is not used to start a car. Why?
Q57. The current flowing through a conductor is 2mA at 50V and 3mA at 60V. Is it an ohmic or
non-ohmic conductor? Give reason.
3MARKS QUESTIONS
Q58. On what factors resistivity of the material depend? Write the corresponding equation. Why
copper wires are used as connecting wires?
Q59. A heating element using nichrome connected to a 230 V supply draws an initial current of
3.2 A which settles after a few seconds to a steady value of 2.8 A. What is the steady temperature
of the heating element if the room temperature is 27.0 °C? Temperature coefficient of resistance
of nichrome averaged over the temperature range involved is 1.70 × 10 –4 °C–1?
[Link] the following questions:
(a) A steady current flows in a metallic conductor of the non-uniform cross-section. Which of these
quantities is constant along the conductor: current, current density, electric field, drift speed?
(b) Is Ohm’s law universally applicable for all conducting elements? If not, give examples of

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elements that do not obey Ohm’s law.
(c) A low voltage supply from which one needs high currents must have very low internal
resistance. Why?
Q61 . Two cells of different emfs and internal resistance are connected in parallel with one another
find the expressions for equivalent EMF and equivalent internal resistance of the combination.
Q62.A battery of emf 12.0 V and internal resistance 0.5Ω is to be charged by a battery charger
which supplies 110 V dc. How much resistance must be connected in series with the battery to
limit the charging current to 5.0 A? What will be the potential difference across the terminals of
the battery during charging?
Q63. Potential differences across the terminals of a cell were measured
(in volt) against different currents (in ampere) flowing through the cell.
A graph was drawn which was a straight-line ABC as shown in figure

Determine from graph (i) emf of the cell (ii) maximum current obtained
from the cell and (iii) internal resistance of the cell.
Q64. Four identical cells each of emf 2V, are joined in parallel providing supply of current to
external circuit consisting of two 15Ω resistors joined in parallel. The terminal voltage of the cells
ae read by an ideal voltmeter is 1.6V. Calculate the internal resistance of each cell.
Q65. Give three differences between e.m.f. and terminal potential difference of a cell.
Q66. In the figure, an ammeter A, and a resistor of resistance R = 4Ω have been connected to the
terminals of the source to form a complete circuit. The emf of the source is 12V having an internal
resistance of 2Ω. Calculate voltmeter and ammeter reading.

5 MARKS QUESTIONS
Q67. (a) On the basis of electron drift, derive an expression for resistivity of a conductor in terms
of number density of free electrons and relaxation time. On what factors does resistance and
resistivity of a conductor depend?
(b) Why alloys like constantan and manganin are used for making standard resistors?

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Q68.(a) The electron drift arises due to the force experienced by electrons in the electric field
inside the conductor. But force should cause acceleration. Why then do the electrons acquire a
steady average drift speed?
(b) If the electron drift speed is so small, and the electron’s charge is small, how can we still obtain
large amounts of current in a conductor?
(c) When electrons drift in a metal from lower to higher potential, does it mean that all the ‘free’
electrons of the metal are moving in the same direction?
(d) Are the paths of electrons straight lines between successive collisions (with the positive ions
of the metal) in the (i) absence of electric field, (ii) presence of electric field?
[Link] current density. Give its SI unit. Whether it is vector or scalar?
How does it vary when (i) potential difference across wire increases (ii) length of wire increases
(iii) temperature of wire increases (iv) Area of cross-section of wire increases justify your answer.
Q70. State Kirchhoff’s rules for electrical networks. Use them to explain the principle of
Wheatstone bridge for determining an unknown resistance. How is it realized in actual practice in
the laboratory? Write the formula used.
Q71. Deduce the condition for balance in a Wheatstone bridge. Write any two important
precautions you would observe while performing the experiment. When is Wheatstone bridge most
sensitive?

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