INSTRUMENTS
7*
BM biopsy Needle
• Indication for BMA&BMB
Leukemia, MPN, PUO, Storage Disorders, Bone marrow
-
transplantation
• M/C site of performing BMB procedure
PSIS, ASIS, Sternum,Upper End of Tibia
• 2 complications and contraindications for BMB
Contraindication: Haemophilia, Infection at the site of procedure
Complication : Infection, Haemorrhage, Injury to adjacent structure
• LP Needle
• M/C site of LP in adults & children
• Adults : L3-L4 ; Spinal cord ends at L1
• Children: L4-L5 or L5-S1 ; Spinal cord ends at L3.
• Indications
Meningitis, For malignant cells, SAH, GBS
• Complications&Contraindications x
power areas.
↑
Head ache, Cerebellar Herniation, Infection 1875
Increased CSFpressure, Local infection &o
• How should the CSF be transported to the lab for investigations
Liver biopsy needle
Methods of performing liver biopsy
Percutaneous, Laparoscopic, Transjugular
- -
Indications
Unexplained Hepatomegaly, cirrhosis – type, etiology&activity of the
disease, to evaluate course of chronic hepatitis, PUO, unexplained
jaundice, to estimate the hepatic stores of iron in Idiopathic
hemochromatosis
Precautions for performing liver biopsy
PT
Contraindication and complications of the procedure
Prolonged PT, Hydatid cyst liver, coagulation disorders
Haemorrhage, Infection, Liver/kidney laceration, Bile peritonitis
o
=gareceor easy
1.4.2
• Vacutainer
• Types of vacutainers and their colour and anticoag used
• Indications for each
• Order of draw
• Advantage of vacutainer
• Difference b/w plasma and serum
• Blood bags
• Types of blood bags used in blood banking and no of bags and
components prepared?
• What is meant by plasma apheresis and mention one indication
• Constituents of CPDA 1&2 . Shelf life of blood stored in CPDA1 and
2 bags
• Single Bag
• For whole blood collection.
• The bag contains CPDA solution.
• Available in capacity of 350ml and 450ml.
Double Bag
For whole blood collection.
• Separation of 2 different blood components (red blood cells and
plasma) obtained through the process of centrifugation and extraction
• Triple Bag
• Triple Blood Bag with SAGM, for whole blood collection.
• Separation of 3 different blood components (red blood cells, plasma
and platelets).
• The primary bag contains CPD and one satellite bag contains SAGM.
②RANCEAND
• Sahlis
• Methods of Hb estimation
• Principle
• Disadvantage of hemoglobinometry by Sahlis
• Type of Hb
• Indications of Hb estimation
↑
Hb pipette
• RBC pipette
• Diff RBC&WBC pipette
• Uses of RBC pipette
• Condition in which RBC counts are increased or decreased
• WBC pipette
• Points of identification
• Uses
• Leukemoid reaction and leukemia
• Neubauer chamber
• Uses
• Principle
• Formula for WBC count
• Conditions in which Neutrophils are increased
• Agranulocytosis
• Wintrobe
• Id points
• Investigations performed using this
• 2 indications for PCV
• Significance of gross visual of charged wintrobe
• Westergren 1:4 3.2% Sodium citrate
• Id point
• Investigations performed using this
• Stages of ESR
• Cdn of physiological variation of ESR
• Significance of increase or decreased ESR
• Urinometer
• Principle behind measurement of SG
• Normal range
• Increase/dec SG
• 40ml Urine
• 20 degree Celsius
• -15 deg C: 1.015
• 0.001 added every 3 deg cel
Increased
Glycosuria
Albuminuria
Oliguria
Hematuria
Exc sweating
Decreased
Excessive drinking water
Chronic GN
Benign nephrosclerosis
DI
Polyuria except DM
• Low fixed SG
• Chronic GN
• ADH def
• Arteriosclerotic kidney
• PKD, CPN Malignant HT
AETCOM
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