Basic Maths and Vectors

TG: @Chalnaayaaar

Basic Maths and Vectors

SOLUTIONS
BEGINNER’S BOX-1 BEGINNER’S BOX-2
1 1. Let P(8, –4) and Q(0, a) be two points,
1. (i) tan (–30°) = –tan 30° = −
3 distance PQ is 10.
3  According to distance formula
(ii) sin (120°)=sin (180° – 60°)= sin 60° =
2 PQ = (x2 − x1 )2 + (y 2 − y 1 )2
1
(iii) sin (135°)=sin (90° + 45°) = cos 45° = = (0 − 8)2 + (a + 4)2
2
(iv) cos(150°) = cos (180° – 30°) = –cos(30°)  PQ = 64 + (a2 + 16 + 8a)
3  10 = 80 + a2 + 8a
=−
2
 a2 + 8a + 80 = 100  a2 + 8a = 20
(v) sin (270°) = (–1) (from graph)
 a2 + 10a – 2a – 20 = 0
3 / 2 2  (a – 2) (a + 10) = 0  (a = 2) and (a = –10)
0 a = 2
/ 2 
2. P(x1, y1, z1) = (0, –1, +1)
(vi) cos 270° = 0 and Q(x2, y2, z2) = (3, 3, 13)
using distance formula
/ 2
0  2 PQ = (x2 − x1 )2 + (y 2 − y 1 )2 + (z2 − z1 )2
3/ 2
= 9 + 16 + 144 = 169 = 13
5 y y −y
2. sec  = 3. Slope m = = 2 1 = tan 
3 x x 2 − x1
=5 y (0 − 2) −2
H P=4 m= = =
 x (3 − 0) 3
B= 3
BEGINNER’S BOX-3
H 5
we know that, sec  = = 1. (i) y = x7/2
B 3
dy d 7/2 7 7 −1 7
3 = (x ) = x 2 = x5/2
cos  = ; dx dx 2 2
5
dy
we know 3, 4, 5 are pythogorous triplets (ii) y = x–3  = −3x −4
dx
 P=4
dy
i.e. H:B:P=5:3:4 (iii) y = x  =1
dx
4 5
 sin = cosec  = (iv) y = x5 + x3 + 4x1/2 + 7
5 4
dy
3 5 = 5x4 + 3x2 + 2x–1/2 + 0
cos  = sec = dx
5 3
= 5x4 + 3x2 + 2x–1/2
4 3
tan  = cot = (v) y = 5x4 + 6x3/2 + 9x
3 4

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 NEET : Physics
TG: @Chalnaayaaar
dy 3
− +1
= 20x3 + 9x3/2 – 1 + 9 x 2 −
1
dx (ii)  x −3/2dx = + C = −2x 2 + C
3
= 20x3 + 9x1/2 + 9 − +1
2
dy
(vi) y = ax2 + bx + c  = 2ax + b 3x −6
 (3x + x )dx =
−7 −1
dx (iii) + log e x + C
−6
1
(vii) y = 3x5 – 3x – −x −6
x = + log e x + C
2
dy 1
= 15x4 – 3 + 2  1 
2
dx x (iv)   x + x  dx
ds
2. s = t2 + 5t + 3  = 2t + 5
dt  1  x2
=   x + + 2  dx = + log e x + 2x + C
1 ds  x  2
3. s = ut + at2  = u + at
2 dt  1 x2
(v)   x +  dx = + log e x + C
4. A = 3t2 + 7 cm2  x 2
dA d  a b
= (3t 2 + 7) = 6t
dt dt
(vi)   x 2
+  dx =  (ax −2 + bx −1 )dx
x
dA ax −2+1 a
at t = 5, = 30cm2 / s = + b logex + C = – + blog e x + C
dt −2 + 1 x
5. A = r 2
BEGINNER’S BOX-5
dA d  
= (r2) = 2r GMm
R x2 dx = GMm R x dx
−2
dr dr 1. (i)
d
6. (i) (x – 1) (2x + 5) 
dx  x −1  GMm
= GMm   =
d d  −1  R R
= (x – 1) (2x + 5) + (2x + 5) (x – 1)
dx dx r2
−kq1q2
= (x – 1) (2) + (2x + 5)(1) = 2x – 2 + 2x + 5
(ii) 
r1
x2
dx
= 4x+3 r2
d 1 0−2 −2  x −1  1 1
(ii) = = = –kq1q2   = kq1q2  r − r 
dx (2x + 1) (2x + 1) 2
(2x + 1)2  −1  r1  2 1
v
d  3x + 4  (4x + 5)(3) − (3x + 4)(4) v
 v2  1
(iii)  = (iii) u Mv dv = M   = M(v − u )
2 2
dx  4x + 5  (4x + 5)2  2 u 2
−1 
= 
 x1/2 
0
−1/2
(4x + 5)2 (iv) x dx =  1  =
 
d  x2  (x3 + 1)(2x) − x2(3x2 )  2 0
(iv)  =
dx  x3 + 1  (x3 + 1)2  /2

 sin x dx =  − cos x 
 /2
2x 4 + 2x − 3x 4 2x − x 4 (v) 0 =1
= = 3 0
(x3 + 1)2 (x + 1)2  /2

 cos x dx = sin x 
 /2
BEGINNER’S BOX-4 (vi) 0 =1
0
x15+1 x16
 x dx = +C = +C
15
1. (i)  /2

cos x dx = sin x −/2 = 2

 /2
15 + 1 16 (vii)
− /2


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Basic Maths and Vectors
TG: @Chalnaayaaar
BEGINNER’S BOX-6 2. Let  be the angle between â & b̂ then
1. (i) 10x2 – 27x + 5 = 0
â − bˆ = 12 + 12 − 2 (1)(1) cos  = 2
−b  b2 − 4ac 27  ( −27)2 − 4(10)(5)
x= = 
2a 20  cos  = 0   = 90° or radian
2
27  23 5 1
= x= , â + 3 bˆ = 1 + 3 + 2 3cos  = 1 + 3 = 2
20 2 5
(ii) (pq)x 2 – (p 2 + q 2 )x + (pq) = 0 A −B
3. Unit vector along A − B = ( ) A −B
(p2 + q2 )  (p2 + q2 )2 − 4(pq)(pq)
x=
2pq
=
(3iˆ + 2jˆ ) − (2iˆ + 3jˆ − kˆ ) = ˆi − ˆj + kˆ
(p + q )  (p − q )
2 2 2 2

(3iˆ + 2jˆ ) − (2iˆ + 3jˆ − kˆ )

p q
= x= , 3
2pq q p
BEGINNER’S BOX-7 
4.  Aˆ + Bˆ = 2  2 × 1 × cos = 2
2
1. 1 + 2 + 3 + .................. + 50
 1 
n 50  cos =  = 45°   = 90°
sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] = [2+ (49)1] 2 2 2
2 2

= 25 [51] = 1275 Aˆ − Bˆ = 2 × 1 × sin = 2 × sin 45° = 2
2
2. 12 + 22 + 32 .................+102
BEGINNER’S BOX-10
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) (10)(11)(21)
s= = = 385 1.  Ax = 4, Ay = 6 so Ax + Bx = 10 and
6 6
BEGINNER’S BOX-8 Ay + By = 9
a 1 2 (a) Bx = 10 – 4 = 6m and By = 9 – 6 = 3m
1. s = = =
1−r 1+ 1 3 (b) length = B2x + B2y = 36 + 9 = 45m
2
 By  −1  3  −1  1 
1 1 1  (c)  =   tan–1 = tan   = tan  
2. Fnet = GMm  2 + 2 + 2 + .......   Bx  6 2
 r 2r 4r 
2. Let ,  &  are the angles of vector
 1 / r2  2GMm
= GMm 
1− 
1
=
r2 ( )
5iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ from x, y & z-axis respectively.
 2 Ax 5 5
then cos  = = = ,
BEGINNER’S BOX-9 A 5iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ 65
1. Let the magnitudes of forces be A and B.
Ay 2 2
then according to question A – B = 10 cos  = = =
A 5iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ 65
 A = 10 + B ...............(1)
Az 6 6
and A2 + B2 = 50 cos  = = =
A 5iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ 65
 A2 + B2 = 2500 .................(2)
Solving equation number (1) & (2) The sum of squares of directional cosines of
A = 40N and B = 30N this vector
Therefore the magnitudes of forces are 40N & 52 + 22 + 62 65
cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = = =1
30N 65 65

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 NEET : Physics
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3. Resultant (R) of (2iˆ + 3j).(i
ˆ ˆ + ˆj)
= (iˆ + ˆj)
A & B = A + B = (6 î –6 ĵ +5 k̂ ) + ( î +2 ĵ – k̂ ) [ 1 +1 ]
2 2 2

2 1 + 3 1 ˆ ˆ 5
= 7 î –4 ĵ +4 k̂ = (i + j) = (iˆ + ˆj)
2 2
 unit vector parallel to resultant ( R̂ )
BEGINNER’S BOX-12
R 7 ˆi − 4jˆ + 4kˆ 7 ˆi − 4jˆ + 4kˆ
1. (a) Area of the parallelogram = A  B =
= = =
R 7 ˆi − 4jˆ + 4kˆ 9
ˆi ˆj kˆ
BEGINNER’S BOX-11 3 1 0
1.  a = b = 1 so a2 + b2 + 2ab cos = ( 3 )2 = 3 0 1 2
1
 1 + 1 + 2cos = 3  cos = = 2iˆ − 6jˆ + 3kˆ = 22 + ( −6 ) + 32 = 7 units
2
2
(a − b) . (2a + b) = 2a2 – b2 + abcos –2abcos (b) Unit vector perpendicular to both A & B
1 1 AB 2iˆ − 6jˆ + 3kˆ 2 6 3
=2–1– =
2 2
n̂ = = = ˆi − ˆj + kˆ
AB 7 7 7 7
2.  A & B are perpendicular to each other
2. 3 A  B = A.B
 A. B =0
3 ABsin = ABcos
( )(
 4iˆ − 2jˆ + 4kˆ . −4iˆ + 2jˆ + kˆ = 0 ) tan = 1/ 3
 –16 – 4 + 4 = 0   = 5
 = 30°
3. ˆ is perpendicular to (5aˆ − 4b)
(aˆ + 2b) ˆ
3. If vectors A & B are sides of a triangle then
ˆ · (5aˆ − 4b)
 (aˆ + 2b) ˆ =0 1 AB
its area = A  B =
ˆ ˆ + 10b.a
 5aˆ . aˆ − 4a.b ˆ ˆ − 8b.b
ˆ ˆ =0 2 4
1 AB 1
 5 + 6aˆ . bˆ – 8 = 0  6aˆ . bˆ = 3  AB sin  =  sin  =
2 4 2
1 1  = 30° or 150°
 â . bˆ =  cos  =   = 60°
2 2 4. As | A × B |2 = | A |2 | B |2 – ( A . B )2
4. (a) Let the angle between A and B is , then  82 = 22 × 52 – ( A . B )2
A B  ( A . B )2 = 100 – 64 = 36
cos  =
AB
 A .B = ± 6

=
( ) ( )=
2iˆ − 2jˆ − kˆ  ˆi + ˆj 0
= 0   = 90°
2iˆ + 2jˆ − kˆ ˆi + ˆj 3 2

(b) Resultant vector

( R ) = A + B = (2iˆ − 2jˆ − kˆ ) + ( ˆi + ˆj ) = 3iˆ − ˆj − kˆ
 projection of resultant on x-axis = 3
5. Vector component of a in the direction of b
 abcos   b a.b
= (acos) b̂ =  = b
 b  b |b|2

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