Seerat Un Nabi ‫ﷺ‬

LEARN LIFE OF PROPHET MOHAMMED SAW.

THE MOST INFLUENCIAL MAN TO EVER WALK THE EARTH
 CONTENT:

1. Prophet Muhammed(SAW) background details c. Prophet Muhammad(SAW) and Khadijah bint

2. Prophet Muhammed(SAW) family tree Khuwaylid RA
3. Prophet Muhammad's(SAW) mother d. Prophet Muhammad(SAW) and Uthman ibn Affan
4. Prophet Muhammad's(SAW) grandfather RA
5. About Prophet Muhammad's(SAW) children: e. Prophet Muhammad(SAW) and Bilal ibn Rabah RA
6. The Cave of Hira and Prophet Muhammad(SAW) f. prophet Muhamed (SAW) and Fatimah bint
7. Jibril(A.S) brings down the revelation Muhammad RA
8. The early converts to Islam g. Prophet Muhammad(SAW) and Umar ibn al-
9. Abu Jahl Khattab RA
10. Ta'if Journey h. Prophet Muhammad(SAW) and Abu Bakr al-
11. The Night Journey to Heaven (Isra and Mi'raj) Siddiq RA
12. The Hijrah from Mecca to Medina 18. The last days of Prophet Muhammad(SAW) (peace
13. The Life in Medina be upon him)
14. list of significant battles fought by Prophet 19. Prophet SAW last Speech – The Most Emotional
Muhammad(SAW) and his followers Speech.
15. The Conquest of Mecca (Fath E Makkah) 20. Most important prophecies made by Prophet
16. "Qaswa: The Loyal Companion of Prophet Muhammad SAW (peace be upon him)
Muhammad (SAW) Through Key Moments in Islamic 21. Prophet Muhammad SAW(peace be upon him)
History" about the Dajjal (the Antichrist)
17. Key Relationships of Prophet Mohammed SAW 22. Etiquettes of Prophet Mohammed SAW
a. Prophet Muhammad(SAW) and Aisha bint Abu 23. Powerful Duas
Bakr RA
b. Prophet Muhammad(SAW) and ALI RA
 About Prophet Muhammad's(SAW)
Background

Prophets name : Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib

ibn Hashim (SAW)

Meaning : the praised one

Tribe : Quraysh tribe, a prominent and influential tribe in

Mecca

Fathers name : Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib Death and Legacy

Grand fathers name : Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim

Mothers name : Amina bint Wahb

Place of birth : Mecca

Year of birth : 570 CE
Year of revelation : 40 years
Place of revelation : cave of hira
Age of death : 63 (He passed away on June 8, 632 CE, in
Medina)

Place of death : medina, specifically in the chamber of his wife Aisha, which is now part of the
Prophet's Mosque (Masjid al-Nabawi).
Place of death of prophet muhammed’s(saw) mother : Al-Abwa, a village between Mecca and
Medina.
About Prophet Muhammad's(SAW)
Wives

1. Khadijah bint Khuwaylid RA

2. Sawda bint Zam'a RA
3. Aisha bint Abu Bakr RA
4. Hafsa bint Umar RA
5. Zaynab bint Khuzayma RA
6. Umm Salama (Hind bint Abi Umayya)
RA
7. Zaynab bint Jahsh RA
8. Juwayriya bint al-Harith RA
9. Umm Habiba (Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan)
RA
10. Safiyya bint Huyayy RA
11. Maymunah bint al-Harith RA
 Prophet Muhammad's(SAW) mother
Background

• Tribe: Aminah belonged to the Banu Hashim, a respected clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca.
This tribe was known for its nobility and leadership.
• Family: She was the daughter of Wahb ibn Abd Manaf and Fatimah bint Amr. Her lineage added
to her family's prestige within the Quraysh society.

Early Life of
CHARACTER TRAITS Muhammad(saw)
Death and Legacy
• Tragic Loss: Aminah passed away when
• Passionate and Caring: Aminah is • Nursing and Early Care: Aminah nursed
Muhammad(SAW) was just six years old,
often described as a devoted and Muhammad(SAW) herself during his
during a journey to visit the grave of his
infancy, which fostered a deep maternal
loving mother. Her passion for her father in Yathrib (now Medina). Her
bond. After her husband’s death, she
son’s well-being was evident, and relied on her family and the support of death was a profound loss for young
she instilled in him the values of the community to care for him. Muhammad, leaving him an orphan at a
tender age.
compassion, honesty, and integrity.
• Connection to Halimah: For the first few
years of his life, Muhammad (SAW) was • Impact on Muhammad(SAW): The loss
• Strong and Resilient: Despite the of his mother deeply affected
sent to live with a Bedouin nurse named
loss of her husband, Abdullah (who Halimah al-Sa'diyah, in accordance with Muhammad(SAW), instilling in him a
died before Muhammad(SAW) was the custom of the time, as it was believed sense of compassion for orphans and
born), Aminah remained strong for that such an environment would promote the vulnerable. This experience would
better health and language skills. later influence his teachings and
her son. She faced the challenges of
However, Aminah maintained a close leadership style, emphasizing the
raising him as a single mother with importance of caring for orphans and
connection with her son during this
grace and determination. period. the needy.
 Prophet Muhammad's(SAW)
grandfather

Tribe: Abdul Muttalib

belonged to the Banu Affection for Muhammad(SAW): After
Hashim clan of the
Quraysh tribe, which was BACKGROUND the death of Muhammad’s(SAW)
father, Abdullah, and later the passing
highly respected in Mecca. COMPASSIONATE of his mother, Aminah, Abdul Muttalib

Leadership: He served as NATURE took on the role of caregiver for his

young grandson. His compassion and
the chief of the Quraysh love provided Muhammad(SAW) with
and was known for his a sense of security and belonging
wisdom, leadership, and during a tumultuous time in his life.
commitment to the Death and Legacy
traditions and rituals of Protective Guardian: Abdul Muttalib
Death: Abdul Muttalib passed away
the tribe. was fiercely protective of
when Muhammad(SAW) was about
eight years old, leaving a profound Muhammad(SAW). He recognized the
impact on his grandson’s life. His Moral Guidance: Abdul Muttalib unique qualities of his grandson,
death marked another significant instilled strong moral values in showing pride in him and taking
loss for Muhammad, adding to his Muhammad(SAW), emphasizing special care to ensure his well-being.
experiences as an orphan. honesty, respect, and integrity. He
was a man of principle and tradition,
Legacy: Abdul Muttalib's which influenced Muhammad’s(saw)
compassion and care during character and ethical framework.
Muhammad's (SAW) early years
contributed to shaping his Spiritual Legacy: He was a custodian
ABDUL character and leadership style. The of the Kaaba, the sacred sanctuary in
MUTTALIB'S values he imparted continued to Mecca, and upheld the traditions of
resonate in Muhammad's (saw) worship that took place there. His
LATER YEARS teachings as he grew into the role of dedication to the Kaaba and the INFLUENCE AND
a prophet. rituals of pilgrimage left a spiritual
imprint on Muhammad(saw), who
VALUES
would later restore the Kaaba's
significance in the context of Islam.
 About Prophet Muhammad's (SAW)
children:

[Link] [Link] [Link] KULTHUM [Link]

Marriage: She married Abu al-As Marriage: Ruqayyah was married to Marriage: After Ruqayyah's Marriage: Fatimah married Ali ibn Abi
ibn al-Rabi, who was initially a Uthman ibn Affan, a close companion of death, Umm Kulthum married Talib, the Prophet's cousin, and they had
non-Muslim but later embraced the Prophet. Uthman as well, which several children, including Hasan and
Husayn, who are revered figures in
Islam. further solidified the bond
Islam.
Health: She suffered from ill health, which between the Prophet's family
Children: Zainab had two affected her marriage, and passed away and Uthman. Role: She was known for her strong
children, Ali and Umamah. during the life of the Prophet, leading to character and compassion. Fatimah
Uthman being known as "Dhul-Nurayn" Legacy: Although she also played an essential role in supporting
Support: Zainab played a (the possessor of two lights) because he died young, her marriage to her father and the early Muslim
significant role in supporting her was married to two of the Prophet's Uthman contributed to his community.
father during his early daughters. status as a significant figure
prophethood and faced in Islamic history. Death: Fatimah passed away shortly
challenges due to her husband's Compassion: The Prophet expressed after the Prophet's death, reportedly
due to grief. Her life and legacy continue
initial opposition to Islam. deep sorrow over her illness and provided
to inspire many, especially within Shia
support during her final days.
Islam.

[Link] [Link] [Link]

Early Life: Qasim was the Nickname: Abdullah was Mother: Ibrahim was the son of Maria al-
firstborn son of sometimes called "Tayyib" or Qibtiyya, who was gifted to the Prophet
Muhammad(SAW) and Khadijah. "Tahir," meaning "good" or by the ruler of Egypt.
He died in infancy, and his death "pure." He also died young,
profoundly affected the Prophet similar to his brother Qasim. Birth: Ibrahim was born in Medina, and
and his family. his birth was celebrated as a moment of
joy in the Prophet's later life.
Significance: His early death
Name Meaning: The name
led to a greater emphasis on
"Qasim" means "one who Death: He died at about 16 months old,
distributes" or "generous,"
the Prophet's daughters, as
and the Prophet mourned his loss
reflecting the Prophet's desire they became the primary deeply, famously saying, "The heart is
for a son who could carry on his heirs to his legacy. saddened, and the eyes weep, but we will
legacy. not say except what pleases our Lord."
 Prophethood

[Link]:
Muhammad(SAW) His message faced
received his first fierce His
opposition
first wife,from
Khadijah,
revelation at the age of the Quraysh leaders, source
was a significant
40 during Ramadan while who saw of it as a threatboth
support,
meditating in the Cave of to their power and theand
emotionally
Death and Legacy
Hira. This event marked traditional polytheistic
financially, during the
the beginning of his beliefs of Mecca.
early years of his
prophethood and the [Link]:
His message faced mission.
subsequent revelations
that formed the Quran. fierce opposition from
the Quraysh leaders,
who saw it as a threat to
their power and the
traditional polytheistic
beliefs of Mecca.

[Link] REVELATION: [Link] FROM

KHADIJAH:
 The Cave of Hira and Prophet
Muhammad(SAW)

Located on the Mountain of Light (Jabal al-Noor) near Mecca, the cave is where
Muhammad received the first revelation from Allah.

1. BACKGROUND
Seeking Solitude: Before Momentous Encounter: In 610 CE,
AND SIGNIFICANCE
receiving revelations, during one of his nights in the cave,
Muhammad(SAW) experienced a
Muhammad(SAW) would often
transformative encounter with the
retreat to the Cave of Hira to
Angel Gabriel (Jibril). This moment
meditate and reflect on the moral
marked the beginning of his
decay he observed in Meccan
prophethood.
society, which was characterized
by idol worship and social 2. THE FIRST
Command to Recite: Gabriel
injustices. REVELATION instructed him to “Read” (Iqra). The
first verses of the Quran were
Desire for Spiritual Clarity: His revealed, emphasizing the
contemplative practice in the importance of knowledge and the
cave illustrates his quest for divine creation of humanity. The
spiritual truth and understanding verses revealed were from Surah Al-
of the world around him. Alaq (Chapter 96: 1-5).
 The Cave of Hira and Prophet
Muhammad(SAW)

Fear and Confusion: After Pilgrimage Site: The Cave of Hira

receiving the revelation, 4. SPIRITUAL AND is now a revered pilgrimage site
Muhammad(SAW) felt a mix of HISTORICAL for Muslims who visit during Hajj
fear, confusion, and awe. This and Umrah, reflecting on its
SIGNIFICANCE
profound experience left him historical and spiritual
trembling and uncertain about its significance.
implications.
Enduring Influence: The
Support from Khadijah: Returning Foundation of Islam: The teachings and revelations
home, Muhammad(SAW) shared revelations received in the Cave received in the cave continue to
of Hira laid the groundwork for guide millions of Muslims today,
his experience with his wife,
Islamic teachings and principles. embodying the principles of
Khadijah, who provided
They introduced concepts of faith, compassion, and justice
reassurance and encouragement.
monotheism, justice, and moral that characterize Islam.
She affirmed his integrity and
believed in his mission. responsibility.

Symbol of Divine Connection:

The cave symbolizes the moment
when the divine message was
entrusted to humanity through 5. LEGACY OF THE
3. IMMEDIATE Muhammad, marking the start of CAVE
IMPACT ON a transformative journey for him
MUHAMMAD(SAW) and his followers.
 Jibril(A.S) brings down
the revelation

1. CONTEXT OF
Year: The first revelation took THE REVELATION
place in 610 CE when
Muhammad(SAW) was about 40
years old.
Angel Gabriel's Appearance: During
Setting: Muhammad(SAW) was one of his contemplative nights,
retreating to the Cave of Hira, 2. THE Muhammad(SAW) experienced a
located on the Mountain of Light ENCOUNTER powerful encounter with Gabriel,
near Mecca. He frequently sought who appeared before him in a
human form. Gabriel is considered
solitude in this cave to meditate
the messenger of God, entrusted
and reflect on the social with delivering divine revelations
injustices and idol worship .
prevalent in his society. Command to Read: Gabriel
commanded Muhammad(SAW)- with
the word "Iqra" (‫)اْق َرْأ‬, which
translates to "Read" or "Recite." This
command marked the beginning of
the prophetic mission and the
revelation of the Quran.
 Jibril(A.S) brings down
the revelation

3. FIRST VERSES
Surah Al-Alaq: The initial verses
REVEALED
revealed to Muhammad(SAW) are
from Surah Al-Alaq (Chapter 96),
which are as follows:

Fear and Awe: The experience

"Read in the name of your Lord
was overwhelming for
who created."
4. IMMEDIATE IMPACT Muhammad(SAW). He felt both
"Created man from a clinging
ON MUHAMMAD fear and awe at the presence of
substance."
the angel and the magnitude of
"Read, and your Lord is the
the message he was receiving.
most Generous—"
"Who taught by the pen—"
Doubt and Comfort:
"Taught man that which he
Muhammad returned home
knew not." (Quran 96:1-5)
trembling and confused, unsure
of what had just occurred. His
wife, Khadijah, provided him
with comfort and support,
affirming his character and
integrity.
 Jibril(A.S) brings down
the revelation

5. CONFIRMATION
Khadijah's Role: Khadijah played a
crucial role in affirming
AND SUPPORT
Muhammad's (SAW) experiences.
She encouraged him to share the
revelations and believed in his
prophetic mission. Continuation of Revelations:
The revelations continued for
Visit to Waraqah ibn Nawfal: To seek 6. SUBSEQUENT approximately 23 years, forming
further understanding, Khadijah
REVELATIONS the Quran, which encompasses
took Muhammad(SAW) to her
guidance on faith, law, morality,
cousin, Waraqah ibn Nawfal, a
and personal conduct.
Christian scholar. Waraqah
confirmed that Muhammad's
experience was indeed a divine Transformation of Society:
revelation and likened it to the These revelations laid the
experiences of past prophets. foundation for Islam,
transforming individuals and
society as Muhammad(SAW)
preached the message of
monotheism, social justice, and
moral integrity.
 The early converts to Islam

1. KHADIJAH BINT 2. ABU BAKR AL- 3. ALI IBN

KHUWAYLID RA SIDDIQ RA ABI TALI RA
Relation: Wife of Prophet Relation: Close friend and Relation: Cousin and son-in-
Muhammad(SAW) companion of law of Muhammad(SAW)
Muhammad(SAW)
Significance: The first person Significance: One of the
Significance: One of the first
to accept Islam, Khadijah's earliest converts, Ali was only
adult males to embrace Islam,
support was instrumental in about ten years old when he
Abu Bakr was known for his
the early years of accepted Islam. His dedication
strong faith and support. He
Muhammad’s prophethood. and bravery were pivotal
later became the first caliph
She provided emotional and during Muhammad's lifetime,
after Muhammad's death and
financial backing, allowing and he later became the fourth
played a significant role in
him to focus on his mission. consolidating the Muslim caliph.
community.
 The early converts to Islam

4. ZAYD IBN 5. UTHMAN IBN 6. HAMZA IBN ABD

HARITHAH RA AFFAN RA AL-MUTTALIB RA
Relation: Freed slave and
Relation: Wealthy merchant Relation: Uncle of
adopted son of
and companion of Muhammad(SAW)
Muhammad(SAW)
Muhammad(SAW)
Significance: Hamza
Significance: Zayd was among
Significance: Uthman was the converted to Islam after
the first converts and
third caliph of Islam. His initially opposing
remained a loyal companion.
conversion was significant Muhammad. His conversion
He was known for his bravery
due to his wealth and status, bolstered the morale of the
in battles and was appointed
which helped support the early Muslims. He was known
as a leader in several military nascent Muslim community. for his bravery and became a
campaigns.
martyr at the Battle of Uhud.
 The early converts to Islam

7. BILAL IBN
10. ABU DHARR AL-
RABAH RA
GHIFARI RA
Relation: Former slave and
one of the first converts Relation: Early convert and
companion of
Significance: Bilal is Muhammad(SAW)
renowned for being the first
muezzin (the caller to prayer) Significance: Abu Dharr was
8. ABDUR RAHMAN 9. FATIMAH BINT known for his strong anti-
in Islam. His conversion,
despite severe persecution, IBN AWF RA MUHAMMAD materialistic stance and
symbolizes the inclusivity of dedication to social justice,
Islam, as he was of African Relation: Wealthy merchant Relation: Daughter of making him one of the most
and companion of Muhammad(SAW) and Khadijah outspoken early supporters
descent and a former slave.
Muhammad(SAW) of Islam.
Significance: Fatimah was a key
figure in the early Muslim
Significance: Abdur Rahman community and a strong
was known for his business supporter of her father’s
acumen and philanthropy. mission. She married Ali ibn Abi
He played a significant role Talib, and their descendants are
in the economic stability of known as the Ahl al-Bayt (People
the early Muslim community. of the Prophet's House).
 The struggle of Prophet Muhammad(SAW)
and the early Muslims in Mecca

1. INITIAL ACCEPTANCE AND 2. TACTICS OF

EARLY CONVERTS PERSECUTION:
Revelation Begins: In 610 CE, Opposition: As Muhammad’s(SAW) following grew,
Muhammad(SAW) received his first the Quraysh leaders viewed Islam as a threat to their
revelation from the Angel Gabriel in social and economic status. They feared losing their
the Cave of Hira, marking the influence, especially since many of their practices,
beginning of his prophetic mission. such as idol worship, were challenged by Islamic
He initially shared his message with teachings.
close family and friends.
Tactics of Persecution: The Quraysh employed
First Converts: The early followers various tactics to suppress the new faith, including:
included his wife Khadijah, his cousin
Ali, his close friend Abu Bakr, and the Social Ostracism: Early Muslims faced isolation from
freed slave Bilal. Their acceptance of their families and communities. Many were
Islam marked the beginning of a new boycotted socially and economically.
community, but they soon faced
Physical Abuse: Some converts endured severe
hostility.
physical punishment. Bilal, for example, was
tortured for his faith, while others like Khabbab ibn
al-Aratt suffered similarly.

Intimidation: The Quraysh leaders would intimidate

and threaten Muslims to recant their beliefs.
 The struggle of Prophet Muhammad(SAW)
and the early Muslims in Mecca

3. ECONOMIC BOYCOTT 4. EMIGRATION TO

ABYSSINIA
Boycott of the Banu Hashim: In 617
CE, the Quraysh imposed a social and
economic boycott on Seeking Refuge: In 615 CE, some early
Muhammad’s(SAW) clan, the Banu Muslims sought refuge in Abyssinia
(modern-day Ethiopia) under the
Hashim, to pressure them into
protection of King Negus, who was
abandoning him. This boycott lasted
known for his just rule. This emigration
for about three years, severely
provided temporary relief from
impacting the community's
persecution and allowed the Muslims
livelihood.
to practice their faith freely.
Struggles for Survival: During this
Impact of Emigration: The acceptance
period, the Muslims faced extreme
of these Muslims by the Christian king
hunger and deprivation, with limited
highlighted the growing recognition of
access to resources and support.
Muhammad’s(SAW) message beyond
Many families suffered greatly,
Arabia.
leading to immense hardship.
 The struggle of Prophet Muhammad(SAW)
and the early Muslims in Mecca

5. CONTINUED HOSTILITY 6. SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

Rejection by Quraysh Leaders: Night Journey and Ascension: In 621
Despite the initial acceptance of CE, Muhammad(saw) experienced the
some, the Quraysh leaders miraculous Night Journey (Isra and
continued to reject Mi'raj), where he was taken to
Muhammad’s(saw) message, Jerusalem and ascended to the
leading to increased tensions and heavens. This event strengthened his
resolve and offered hope to the
confrontations.
beleaguered Muslim community.

Attempts to Assassinate: Various

Pledges of Aqabah: The Pledges of
plots to assassinate Aqabah (622 CE) marked the
Muhammad(saw) were devised by commitment of representatives from
Quraysh leaders, demonstrating the tribes of Khazraj and Aws of
their desperation to eliminate the Medina to support Muhammad(saw).
perceived threat posed by him This led to the establishment of a new
and his followers. base for the Muslim community.
 Abu Jahl – The enemy of Islam.

Abu Jahl, whose full name was Amr ibn Hisham, was one of the staunchest opponents of Prophet
Muhammad(saw) and the early Muslim community during the period of the Prophet’s mission in Mecca.

1. BACKGROUND 2. ANTAGONISM TOWARDS

Tribal Affiliation: Abu Jahl belonged MUHAMMAD
to the Banu Makhzum clan of the
Public Denunciation: Abu Jahl openly
Quraysh tribe, making him a
mocked and insulted Muhammad(saw),
prominent and influential figure in
attempting to undermine his message
Meccan society. He was known for
and dissuade people from following
his leadership and status. him. He referred to Muhammad as “the
madman” and labeled his followers as
Opposition to Islam: As misguided.
Muhammad(saw) began preaching
the message of Islam, Abu Jahl Persecution of Muslims: He played a
emerged as a fierce adversary. He significant role in the persecution of
viewed Muhammad’s teachings as a early Muslims, advocating for harsh
direct challenge to the established treatments against those who
social order and the polytheistic embraced Islam. This included social
beliefs of the Quraysh. ostracism, torture, and economic
sanctions.
 Abu Jahl – The enemy of Islam.

4. ROLE IN THE BATTLE OF

BADR
Leader of the Quraysh Forces: Abu Jahl
took a leading role in the Quraysh army
during the Battle of Badr in 624 CE,
3. KEY EVENTS INVOLVING aiming to confront the Muslims 5. DEATH AND LEGACY
ABU JAHL decisively. His motivation was both
personal and tribal, seeking revenge for Killing of Abu Jahl: During the battle,
the losses suffered by the Quraysh. Abu Jahl was killed after being severely
Abu Jahl’s Attempts to Silence
wounded. He attempted to flee, but
Muhammad(SAW): Abu Jahl made
Defeat at Badr: The Quraysh were was located and confronted. Abdullah
several attempts to silence Muhammad,
defeated at the Battle of Badr, ibn Mas'ud, who had been a former
including efforts to intimidate him
resulting in significant losses. Abu slave and later a companion of
during his public prayers and gatherings.
Jahl’s death at the hands of Abdullah Muhammad, struck the fatal blow.
He sought to prevent the spread of
Islam by any means necessary. ibn Mas'ud was a pivotal moment,
marking a major setback for the Symbol of Opposition: Abu Jahl is
Confrontation During the Night of Al- Quraysh and their leadership. often remembered as a symbol of
Isra and Al-Mi'raj: After obstinacy and rejection of the truth in
Muhammad’s(SAW) miraculous night Islamic tradition. His antagonism
journey and ascension, Abu Jahl was towards Muhammad(saw) and the early
among those who vehemently rejected Muslims is frequently cited as an
the claims, questioning the validity of example of the challenges faced by the
such an event and ridiculing Prophet in spreading his message.
Muhammad.
 The Hijrah, or migration from Mecca to
Medina

BACKGROUND
Persecution in Mecca:
Muhammad’s(SAW) message of Planning the Hijrah: In 622 CE, after
monotheism faced severe opposition receiving divine instruction,
from the Quraysh tribe, leading to Muhammad(SAW) planned the
persecution of him and his followers. migration to Medina. The Prophet
Many early Muslims suffered physical and his followers were to leave
and social abuses for their beliefs,
Mecca secretly to avoid detection
prompting a search for a safer
by the Quraysh.
environment.

Companions: Muhammad(SAW) was

Invitation from Yathrib: As the
situation in Mecca worsened, some accompanied by his close friend
tribes from Yathrib (later named THE MIGRATION and companion, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq.
Medina) expressed their desire to Together, they set off for Medina,
(HIJRAH) taking a route that avoided major
accept Islam and invited
Muhammad(saw) to their city, paths and utilized caves for shelter
promising protection and support. during the journey.
 The Hijrah, or migration from Mecca to
Medina

Route: The journey from Mecca THE JOURNEY Welcoming: Upon reaching Medina in
to Medina was approximately 320 September 622 CE, Muhammad (SAW)
was warmly welcomed by the Ansar
kilometers (about 200 miles).
(the residents of Medina) and the
They traveled through rugged newly converted Muslims. The arrival
terrain, facing risks of capture of the Prophet marked a new chapter
from the Quraysh. in the history of Islam.
ARRIVAL IN
Cave of Thawr: To evade MEDINA Constitution of Medina:
Muhammad(SAW) established a
pursuers, Muhammad(SAW) and
constitution that outlined the rights
Abu Bakr took refuge in the Cave
and responsibilities of all members of
of Thawr for three days. During the new community, including
this time, they relied on the Muslims, Jews, and other tribes. This
SIGNIFICANCE OF
loyalty of their followers, who document aimed to promote
provided them with supplies and THE HIJRAH coexistence, mutual respect, and
intelligence. collective security.

Foundation of the Muslim Community: The Hijrah allowed Muslims to practice their faith freely and
laid the groundwork for the first Islamic state in Medina. It transformed the Muslim community from
a marginalized group to an organized and empowered society.

Islamic Calendar: The Hijrah marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar (1 AH, Anno Hegirae),
signifying its importance in Islamic history.

Military and Political Establishment: The migration enabled Muhammad(SAW) to establish a

political and military base, leading to the expansion of Islam and subsequent battles against the
Quraysh, such as the Battle of Badr and the Battle of Uhud.
 Prophet Muhammad SAW and Aisha bint
Abu Bakr RA

2. LOVE AND 3. ROLE IN ISLAMIC

[Link] COMPANIONSHIP TEACHINGS

Early Marriage: Aisha was married Mutual Affection: Aisha is known Intellectual Contribution: Aisha
to Muhammad(SAW) when she was to have been one of Muhammad's was highly educated and
around 6 or 7 years old, and the favorite wives, and their intelligent, becoming one of the
marriage was consummated when relationship was marked by most significant narrators of
she was about 9 years old. This affection and camaraderie. hadith (sayings and actions of the
practice was common in Arabian Muhammad often expressed his Prophet). She narrated over 2,000
society at that time. love for her, and she was known hadiths, providing insights into the
to be playful and witty. Prophet’s life and teachings.
Daughter of Abu Bakr: Aisha was
the daughter of Abu Bakr, one of Supportive Partner: Aisha played Authority on Religious Matters:
Muhammad’s(SAW) closest a crucial role in supporting After Muhammad’s death, Aisha
companions and the first caliph of Muhammad(SAW) during the became a source of knowledge on
Islam. This connection early years of his prophethood, Islamic jurisprudence and
strengthened the ties between offering him companionship and theology. Many companions
Muhammad and Abu Bakr, encouragement during sought her opinions on various
fostering loyalty and support. challenging times. issues.
 Prophet Muhammad SAW and Aisha bint
Abu Bakr RA

Political Role: After

4. INVOLVEMENT IN Muhammad's(SAW) passing, Aisha
remained influential in the early
KEY EVENTS Islamic community. She was active in
political affairs and played a
significant role during the First Fitna
(civil war) when she participated in
the Battle of the Camel against Ali
ibn Abi Talib.

Battle of Uhud: Aisha Legacy: Aisha is remembered as one

participated in the Battle of of the "Mothers of the Believers" and
Uhud, tending to the wounded holds a respected position in Islamic
and providing support to the history. Her contributions to the
Muslim fighters. knowledge of hadith and Islamic
jurisprudence continue to be
The Incident of Ifk: Aisha faced a recognized.
significant trial when rumors
spread about her character after
an incident during a journey.
Muhammad (SAW) defended her
honor, and the revelation of
verses from the Quran confirmed
her innocence, solidifying her 5. LIFE AFTER
status in the community.
MUHAMMAD'S DEATH
 Prophet Muhammad(SAW) and ALI RA

COUSIN: EARLY ACCEPTANCE MARRIAGE TO

OF ISLAM: FATIMAH:
Ali was the son of Abu
Talib, the Prophet’s Ali was one of the first Ali married Fatimah, the
uncle, making him individuals to embrace daughter of
Islam, accepting the Muhammad(SAW) and
Muhammad’s cousin.
Prophet's message when Khadijah. This union further
They grew up together in
strengthened their familial
the same household in he was just a young boy.
bond. The couple had several
Mecca, as Ali's father His early commitment
children, including Hasan,
took care of demonstrated loyalty and Husayn, Zainab, and Umm
Muhammad(SAW) after dedication to Muhammad Kulthum, establishing a direct
his grandfather's death. and the new faith. lineage from the Prophet.

CLOSE COMPANION: MILITARY SUPPORT:

Ali was one of Ali distinguished himself
Muhammad’s(SAW) as a warrior during the
closest companions and battles fought by the early
confidants. He Muslim community, such
as the Battle of Badr,
accompanied the Prophet
Battle of Uhud, and Battle
during many significant
of Khandaq (Trench). His
events in early Islam,
bravery and strategic skills
providing support, advice, were crucial in defending
and loyalty during times the nascent Muslim
of trial. community.
 Prophet Muhammad(SAW) and ALI RA

TRUSTED ADVISOR: NIGHT OF HIJRA:

Muhammad(SAW) During the migration

entrusted Ali with (Hijra) from Mecca to
important missions and Medina, Muhammad
responsibilities, including asked Ali to stay behind
leading troops in battle and return the trust and
and serving as his advisor property of those who
in various matters. The had supported him. This
Prophet valued Ali’s act highlighted Ali's
opinions and judgment. trustworthiness and
loyalty to the Prophet.

GHADIR KHUMM: FINAL DAYS:

After returning from the In his last days, Muhammad
Farewell Pilgrimage, expressed his deep
Muhammad publicly affection for Ali, frequently
declared Ali as his successor mentioning his virtues and
at Ghadir Khumm, stating,
qualities. He appointed Ali
"For whomsoever I am his
as one of the key figures to
master, Ali is his master."
lead the Muslim community
This event is particularly
after his passing,
significant in Shia Islam,
marking Ali’s leadership role emphasizing Ali’s
in the community. importance in Islam.
 Prophet Muhammad SAW and Khadijah
bint Khuwaylid RA

MARRIAGE: SUPPORTIVE CHILDREN:

PARTNERSHIP:
Khadijah and Muhammad had six
Khadijah was a wealthy and Their marriage was children together:
respected widow in Mecca characterized by a deep Qasim: Their first son, who died in
infancy.
when she married emotional and intellectual
Zainab: Their eldest daughter, who
Muhammad(SAW), who was bond. Khadijah was not only a married Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi.
25 years old at the time. She wife but also Ruqayyah: She married Uthman ibn

was 40, making their Muhammad’s(SAW) confidante Affan, who later became the third
and supporter. She caliph.
marriage notable for the age Umm Kulthum: Also married
encouraged him in his early
difference. Despite this, Uthman after Ruqayyah’s death.
spiritual journey and was the Fatimah: The youngest daughter,
their relationship was first person to accept Islam who married Ali ibn Abi Talib and is
marked by mutual respect after he received the first the mother of Hasan and Husayn.
and affection. revelation. Abdullah: Also known as “Tayyib”
or “Tahir,” he died in infancy.
 Spiritual and Emotional Support

FIRST BELIEVER: ENCOURAGEMENT: BUSINESS

PARTNERSHIP:
Khadijah was the first During the early years of
person to believe in his prophethood, when Khadijah was a successful
Muhammad(SAW) faced businesswoman and
Muhammad’s
immense opposition and employed Muhammad to
prophethood after he
manage her trade
received his first ridicule, Khadijah stood by
caravans. This partnership
revelation from the Angel him, providing emotional
not only strengthened
Gabriel. Her support and financial support. She
their financial status but
during this pivotal reassured him during also deepened their
moment provided him times of doubt and fear, mutual respect and
with the strength to reinforcing his confidence admiration for each other’s
continue his mission. in his mission. abilities.
 Legacy

ENDURING LOVE: SIGNIFICANCE ROLE MODEL:

IN ISLAM: Khadijah is seen as a role
Khadijah passed away in
619 CE, three years Khadijah is often revered model for Muslim women,
before the Hijra to as one of the most exemplifying qualities of
Medina. Muhammad was significant figures in Islam. faith, resilience, and
deeply affected by her Her unwavering faith, independence. Her life
death, mourning her loss strength, and support for story inspires many,
for many years. He often Muhammad(SAW) during showcasing the
spoke of her virtues and the early challenges of importance of
was known to cherish her Islam laid a solid
partnership and mutual
memory, highlighting the foundation for the Muslim
support in marriage.
deep bond they shared. community.

Khadijah's relationship with Muhammad(SAW) was pivotal in the establishment of Islam, providing
the Prophet with the encouragement and strength he needed to fulfill his prophetic mission.
 Prophet Muhammad SAW and
Uthman ibn Affan RA

SUPPORT FOR THE

BACKGROUND ACCEPTANCE OF
ISLAM PROPHET

Tribal Affiliation: Uthman Conversion: Uthman Financial Support: Uthman used

his wealth to support Muhammad
belonged to the Banu Umayyah accepted Islam early in and the early Muslim community,
clan of the Quraysh tribe, which
Muhammad’s(SAW) helping those who were being
was one of the most influential persecuted for their beliefs. He
families in Mecca. mission, becoming one
contributed to the purchase of a
of the first converts. well, known as Bir Ma'una, to
Early Life: He was known for his His acceptance of the provide water for the Muslims.
wealth and business acumen,
earning the nickname “The Man
faith was significant as Defense Against Persecution:
of Two Lights” because he it provided legitimacy Uthman stood by the Prophet
married two of to the new religion, during times of adversity,
Muhammad’s(SAW) daughters, especially when the Quraysh
given his influential intensified their persecution of
Ruqayyah and later Umm
Kulthum. background. Muslims.
 Prophet Muhammad SAW and
Uthman ibn Affan RA

MARRIAGE TO Third Caliph: After the

assassination of Umar ibn al-
MUHAMMAD'S DAUGHTERS
CALIPHATE Khattab, Uthman was elected as
the third caliph. His caliphate
lasted from 644 to 656 CE.
First Marriage: Uthman
married Muhammad's Compilation of the Quran:
Uthman is best known for
daughter Ruqayyah. After
commissioning the compilation
her death, he was married
of the Quran into a single book
to another daughter, Umm
form, ensuring its preservation CHALLENGES
Kulthum. This earned him and standardization. This effort DURING HIS RULE
the title "Dhul-Nurayn," addressed variations in recitation
meaning "The Possessor of and helped unify the Muslim
Two Lights," reflecting his community around a single text.
close family ties with the
Prophet.
ROLE IN THE EARLY
MUSLIM COMMUNITY
Opposition: Uthman faced criticism and
opposition during his caliphate,
Migration to Abyssinia: Uthman was among the first Muslims to primarily due to allegations of nepotism
migrate to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) to escape persecution in Mecca. and mismanagement. Many believed he
He played a vital role in establishing the Muslim community favored his clan, the Umayyads, in
there. administrative appointments.

Hijra to Medina: Uthman later participated in the Hijra (migration) Assassination: His rule ended in turmoil,
to Medina, where he continued to support Muhammad(SAW) and culminating in his assassination in 656
the growing Muslim community. CE. This marked the beginning of the
first Fitna (civil war) in the Islamic
community.
 Prophet Muhammad SAW and
Bilal ibn Rabah RA

Early Life: Bilal was born in Opposition from the Quraysh:

Mecca to a black mother and an As a Muslim, Bilal faced
Arab father, making him one of
severe persecution from his
the early converts to Islam from
owner, Umayyah, who
a marginalized background. He
was enslaved by a wealthy
BACKGROUND tortured him in an attempt to
force him to recant his faith.
Quraysh merchant named
Umayyah ibn Khalaf.
Courageous Resistance:
PERSECUTION Despite the brutal treatment,
Conversion to Islam: Bilal
embraced Islam in its early days AND TORTURE Bilal remained steadfast in his
and became one of the first to faith, famously proclaiming
accept the message of “Ahad, Ahad” (One, One),
Muhammad(SAW). affirming the oneness of Allah.

Close Companion: Bilal became a

Purchased by Abu Bakr: close companion of Prophet
Bilal's plight caught the Muhammad(SAW), often
accompanying him and
attention of Abu Bakr al- ROLE IN participating in significant events
Siddiq, who was moved by EARLY ISLAM during the early Islamic period.
his suffering. Abu Bakr
purchased Bilal’s freedom Muezzin: Bilal was appointed as
from Umayyah, thus the first muezzin (caller to prayer)
liberating him from LIBERATION by Prophet Muhammad(SAW). His
beautiful and powerful voice
slavery. This act of became synonymous with the call
kindness solidified Bilal’s to prayer (adhan), and he was
status within the early given this esteemed role due to
Muslim community. his dedication and faith.
 Prophet Muhammad SAW and
Bilal ibn Rabah RA

Significance: Bilal's role as the

muezzin established the
practice of calling Muslims to
prayer. His adhan is Support During Battles:
Bilal participated in several
remembered as one of the
THE ADHAN key battles alongside
most moving and heartfelt
Muhammad(SAW), including
expressions of faith.
the Battle of Badr and the
Battle of Uhud, where he
Historical Context: The first PARTICIPATION showed great bravery and
adhan was called from the commitment to the Muslim
mosque in Medina, signifying IN BATTLES
cause.
the establishment of the
Islamic community and its
rituals.

Symbol of Equality: Bilal’s life Later Life: Bilal continued

and dedication exemplify the to serve the Muslim
message of Islam regarding community after the
equality, as he rose from slavery
to a position of honor and
LEGACY AND Prophet’s death and played
respect within the community. SIGNIFICANCE a role in spreading Islam.

Role Model: He is often cited as Historical Impact: He is

a model of resilience, faith, and remembered as a beloved
commitment to justice, making DEATH AND companion of Muhammad
him an important figure in
Islamic history. His story LEGACY and a symbol of the
resonates with Muslims around principles of justice and
the world, symbolizing the fight equality that Islam
against oppression and the promotes
dignity of faith.
 Prophet Muhammad SAW and
Fatimah bint Muhammad RA

Birth: Fatimah was born in Close Bond: Fatimah shared a

deeply affectionate relationship
Mecca around 605 CE. She
with her father. Muhammad(SAW)
was the youngest daughter was known to have a special
of Prophet Muhammad(SAW) fondness for Fatimah, often
and his first wife, Khadijah referring to her as "the leader of
bint Khuwaylid. the women of Paradise."

Support During Revelation:

Family Role: As the daughter Fatimah supported her father
of the Prophet, she played a during the early days of his
vital role in the early Muslim prophethood when he faced
community and was known
persecution and opposition from RELATIONSHIP WITH
BACKGROUND the Quraysh tribe. She stood by
for her piety, strength, and him during his struggles and
PROPHET MUHAMMAD
compassion. hardships.

Advocate for Justice: Fatimah is

Husband: Fatimah married her
known for her advocacy for the
cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib, who was
rights of the oppressed and her
MARRIAGE TO ALI
also one of the earliest converts
commitment to social justice. ROLE IN THE EARLY
to Islam and a close companion
IBN ABI TALIB of Muhammad(SAW). Their She often helped the less MUSLIM COMMUNITY
marriage is often seen as a union fortunate and provided for
of two significant families in those in need.
Islam.
Involvement in Key Events:
Children: Fatimah and Ali had Fatimah played a role in
several children, including significant events in early
Hasan, Husayn, Zaynab, and Islamic history, including the
Umm Kulthum. Hasan and Farewell Pilgrimage, during
Husayn are particularly revered which her father delivered his
figures in Islamic history. last sermon.
 Umar ibn al-Khattab RA and Prophet
Muhammad SAW

EARLY LIFE AND ROLE IN THE MUSLIM MILITARY AND

CONVERSION COMMUNITY POLITICAL LEADERSHIP

Close Companion: After his Participation in Battles: Umar

Background: Umar was born into the
conversion, Umar became one of played a vital role in many
powerful Adi clan of the Quraysh
Muhammad’s(SAW) closest significant battles alongside
tribe in Mecca. Initially, he was a
companions. He participated in Muhammad, including the Battle
staunch opponent of Islam and was
known for his strength and fierce many critical events in the early of Badr, the Battle of Uhud, and
temperament. Muslim community and stood the Battle of Khandaq. His bravery
firmly with the Prophet during and strategic skills were crucial to
Conversion: In 616 CE, Umar times of adversity. the Muslim victories.
embraced Islam after an impactful
moment when he went to confront Advocate for Justice: Umar was Advisor to the Prophet: Umar
Muhammad but ended up reading known for his strong sense of often served as a trusted advisor
the Quran. This transformation justice and commitment to social to Muhammad(SAW), providing
marked a significant turning point, equity. He often spoke out against counsel on various matters,
as Umar became one of the most the persecution of Muslims and including community governance
dedicated supporters of the defended their rights, earning and military strategy. His insights
Prophet. respect within the community. were highly regarded.
 Umar ibn al-Khattab RA and Prophet
Muhammad SAW

Respect and Trust:

AFTER MUHAMMAD’S Muhammad(SAW) held Umar in
PASSING high esteem and often praised his
qualities. Umar's forthrightness
and integrity were traits that the
Prophet valued, and he frequently
involved Umar in key decisions.

Friendly Discourse: Umar was

known for his candidness, and he
Second Caliph: Following
sometimes expressed his opinions
Muhammad's(SAW) death in 632 CE,
directly to Muhammad(SAW), even
Umar was chosen as the second
if they differed. This open dialogue
caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. His
leadership was marked by exemplified the trust between
significant expansion of the Islamic them.
state and administrative reforms.

Implementation of
Muhammad’s(SAW) Teachings: As
caliph, Umar sought to uphold and
implement the teachings of the
Prophet, emphasizing justice,
welfare, and adherence to Islamic
principles. RELATIONSHIP
DYNAMICS
 Prophet Muhammad(SAW) and
Abu Bakr al-Siddiq RA

CONVERSION TO KEY EVENTS IN THEIR

EARLY LIFE AND
ISLAM RELATIONSHIP
BACKGROUND

Background: Abu Bakr was born into First Convert: Abu Bakr was one of Hijra (Migration): During the Hijra
the influential Banu Taym clan of the the first people to embrace Islam in 622 CE, Abu Bakr accompanied
Quraysh tribe in Mecca. He was after Muhammad received his first Muhammad(SAW) from Mecca to
known for his integrity, wisdom, and revelation. His early acceptance of Medina, providing crucial support
extensive knowledge of commerce the faith demonstrated his and protection during their
and trade. unwavering trust in the Prophet and journey. They faced numerous
his message. dangers, including the threat of
Close Friend: Abu Bakr and capture by the Quraysh.
Muhammad(SAW) were close friends Supporter of Muhammad(SAW):
even before the advent of Islam. After converting, Abu Bakr became Friendship and Trust: Abu Bakr was
They shared a bond of mutual one of Muhammad’s(SAW) most known for his loyalty and
respect and trust, which laid the loyal supporters, using his wealth steadfastness. Muhammad(SAW)
foundation for their relationship and influence to protect and often referred to him as a close
when Muhammad (SAW) received his promote the new religion, especially companion and trusted confidant.
prophetic mission. during the early years of Their relationship was marked by
persecution mutual respect and affection
 Prophet Muhammad(SAW) and
Abu Bakr al-Siddiq RA

ROLE IN THE MUSLIM AFTER MUHAMMAD’S RELATIONSHIP

COMMUNITY PASSING DYNAMICS

Leadership: Abu Bakr played a First Caliph: Following

vital role in the early Muslim Muhammad’s(SAW) death in 632 CE, Mutual Respect:
community, serving as an advisor Abu Bakr was chosen as the first Muhammad(SAW) held Abu Bakr
to Muhammad(SAW) on various caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. in high esteem, often praising his
matters. He was instrumental in His leadership helped maintain qualities, character, and
organizing the community and unity among the Muslim community commitment to Islam. Their bond
addressing the challenges they and solidify the foundations of the was characterized by deep trust
faced. new Islamic state. and camaraderie.

Financial Support: He generously Campaigns Against Apostasy: Abu Family Connection: Abu Bakr’s
used his wealth to support the Bakr led crucial campaigns to quell daughter, Aisha, later became one
fledgling Muslim community, the Ridda (apostasy) wars, ensuring of Muhammad’s wives, further
purchasing the freedom of many that the Islamic state remained solidifying their familial and
enslaved Muslims who were intact and that the teachings of personal ties
persecuted for their beliefs Muhammad(SAW) were upheld
 "The Most Heart-Breaking Trial of Prophet
Muhammad (SAW): The Journey to Ta'if"

The Ta'if Journey is a significant event in the life of Prophet Muhammad(SAW),

marking a period of hardship and resilience in the early days of Islam.

BACKGROUND JOURNEY TO TA'IF REJECTION AND

CONTEXT HOSTILITY

Traveling Alone: Muhammad Dismissal by the Leaders: The

Persecution in Mecca: Following
traveled to Ta'if with a trusted leaders of Ta'if not only rejected
the death of Khadijah (his wife) and
companion, Zaid ibn Harithah. Muhammad's(SAW) message but
Abu Talib (his uncle and protector),
Despite being in a vulnerable also mocked and belittled him.
Muhammad(SAW) faced increasing
hostility and persecution from the position, he remained determined They SAW him as a threat to their
Quraysh tribe in Mecca. This to convey the message of Islam to social and economic order and
created a pressing need to seek the people of Ta'if. dismissed his call to monotheism.
refuge and support elsewhere.
Approaching the Leaders: Upon Incitement of the Crowd: The
Desire for Support: In 620 CE, arrival, Muhammad(SAW) sought leaders incited the local
Muhammad(SAW) decided to to speak with the leaders of Ta'if, populace against him, leading to
travel to Ta'if, a nearby city known hoping they would embrace his a hostile reception.
for its wealth and influence, hoping message and provide protection Muhammad(SAW) was met with
to find acceptance and support for to him and his followers. ridicule and abuse, and the
his message of Islam. people of Ta'if chased him out of
the city.
 "The Most Heart-Breaking Trial of Prophet
Muhammad (SAW): The Journey to Ta'if"

Wounding and Exhaustion: As he The Moment of Prayer: In a state

left Ta'if, Muhammad(SAW) was of despair, Muhammad turned to
physically assaulted by the Allah in prayer, seeking comfort
and guidance. He expressed his
crowd, which resulted in injuries. PHYSICAL AND feelings of weakness and
He endured emotional turmoil
from the rejection of his message
EMOTIONAL HARDSHIP vulnerability, highlighting his deep
reliance on divine support.
and the harsh treatment he
received. Angel of the Mountains: According
to Islamic tradition, Allah sent the
Reflections of Pain: Despite the DIVINE Angel Gabriel, who offered to
suffering, Muhammad(SAW)
COMFORT destroy Ta'if if Muhammad(SAW)
wished. However,
showed remarkable resilience,
reflecting on the importance of Muhammad(SAW) declined, hoping
patience and faith during difficult that one day, the people of Ta'if
times. would accept Islam.

Journey Back: After the Lessons of Patience and Resilience:

challenging experience in The Ta'if Journey is often cited as
Ta'if, Muhammad (SAW) an example of perseverance and
returned to Mecca, still RETURN TO reliance on Allah during times of
dedicated to spreading the trial. It showcases Muhammad's
MECCA dedication to his prophetic mission
message of Islam despite the
despite immense challenges.
setbacks.
Later Acceptance: Eventually, Ta'if
Resilience and Commitment: SIGNIFICANCE IN would become a place of Islamic
This journey highlighted
ISLAMIC HISTORY significance, with many of its
Muhammad's commitment to inhabitants later accepting Islam
his mission and his and contributing to the growth of
unwavering faith, even in the the Muslim community.
face of adversity.
 The Night Journey to Heaven
(Isra and Mi'raj)

ISRA: THE NIGHT MI'RAJ: THE ASCENSION SIGNIFICANT

JOURNEY TO HEAVEN EVENTS

Event Overview: The Isra refers to the Second Phase of the Journey: After
first part of the journey, where Prophet reaching Jerusalem, the Mi'raj refers to
Muhammad(SAW) was miraculously the ascension to the heavens.
transported from the Kaaba in Mecca to Muhammad(SAW) was taken through the
Command of Prayers: One of the most
the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem in a seven heavens, where he met various
crucial aspects of the Mi'raj was the
single night. prophets and witnessed divine signs.
command for the Muslim community
to perform five daily prayers (Salah).
Meetings with Prophets: During his
Means of Transport: Muhammad Initially, 50 prayers were prescribed,
ascent, Muhammad(SAW) encountered
traveled on a celestial steed named but after interceding with Allah, the
several prophets, including Adam, Jesus,
Buraq, described as a white, winged number was reduced to five.
Moses, and Abraham. Each encounter
animal that could cover vast distances in
emphasized the continuity of the Importance of Prayer: This command
a short time.
prophetic message throughout history. underscores the significance of prayer
Significance of Jerusalem: The journey in Islam as a means of connecting with
Vision of Paradise and Hell: Allah and maintaining spiritual
to Jerusalem is significant as it is
Muhammad(SAW) was shown the discipline.
considered the third holiest site in Islam,
rewards of Paradise and the punishments
after Mecca and Medina. It symbolizes
of Hell, reinforcing the concepts of
the unity of the Abrahamic faiths.
accountability and divine justice.
 The Night Journey to Heaven
(Isra and Mi'raj)

RETURN TO HISTORICAL AND

COMMEMORATION
MECCA SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE

Return Journey: After the

miraculous journey, Prophet Faith and Resilience: The event
Muhammad (SAW) returned to occurred during a particularly
Mecca, where he recounted his challenging time in
experience to the people. Many Muhammad's(SAW) life, following Observed by Muslims: The Night
were skeptical, questioning the the loss of his wife Khadijah and Journey is commemorated
uncle Abu Talib. It served as a annually on the 27th night of Rajab,
plausibility of such an event.
source of comfort, strength, and the seventh month of the Islamic
reassurance for him. lunar calendar. Muslims reflect on
Sign of Prophethood: The Isra its significance and the lessons
and Mi'raj served as a profound Symbol of Hope: The journey learned from this extraordinary
testament to symbolizes hope and spiritual event
Muhammad’s(SAW) elevation, reminding Muslims of
prophethood, showcasing his the connection between the
unique relationship with Allah earthly realm and the divine.
and the divine favor upon him.
 Life in Medina
(formerly known as Yathrib)

After the Hijrah (migration) from Mecca in 622 CE, Medina became the center of the early
Muslim community. Here are key aspects of life in Medina during this period:

[Link] OF THE
Welcoming the Migrants: The Constitution of Medina: One of
MUSLIM COMMUNITY
Ansar (helpers) of Medina Muhammad's(SAW) significant
welcomed the Muhajirun contributions was the Constitution
(migrants) from Mecca with open of Medina, which outlined the rights
arms, sharing their resources and and responsibilities of the different
homes. This created a strong communities, including Muslims,
bond between the two groups and Jews, and other tribes. It
laid the foundation for a unified established a framework for
2. ESTABLISHMENT
Muslim community. coexistence and mutual respect.
OF A NEW SOCIETY

Brotherhood Pact: Religious Freedom: The

Muhammad(SAW) established a constitution recognized the
brotherhood between the Ansar religious freedoms of all
and Muhajirun, encouraging communities, ensuring that Muslims
cooperation and solidarity among and non-Muslims could practice
all Muslims. their faiths without persecution.
 Life in Medina
(formerly known as Yathrib)

Mosque of the Prophet: The Masjid Unity Among Muslims: The

al-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet) community was characterized by
was built shortly after 4. ECONOMIC unity and cooperation, transcending
Muhammad's(SAW) arrival in LIFE tribal and ethnic divisions. Muslims
Medina. It became the center of of various backgrounds came
worship, community gatherings, and together under the banner of Islam,
social activities. The mosque is now fostering a sense of brotherhood.
one of the holiest sites in Islam.
Support for the Needy: The early
Agricultural Community: Medina
Prayer and Worship: Daily prayers Muslim community emphasized
was primarily an agricultural society,
(Salah) were established as a central social responsibility, encouraging
and the influx of Muslims
aspect of Muslim life, fostering a members to support the poor and
contributed to its economic
sense of community and discipline. needy. Zakat (charitable giving)
prosperity. The Ansar, many of
became an essential practice,
The call to prayer (Adhan) was whom were farmers, shared their
ensuring that resources were shared
introduced to signal the times for resources with the Muhajirun, who
within the community.
worship. were often not accustomed to
agricultural life.

Trade and Commerce: Trade

flourished in Medina, with Muslims
engaging in various economic
3. RELIGIOUS activities. Muhammad(SAW) 5. SOCIAL
PRACTICES encouraged fair trade practices, STRUCTURE
emphasizing honesty and integrity in
business.
 The Conquest of Mecca
(Fath e Makkah)

The Conquest of Mecca (Fath Makkah) is a pivotal event in Islamic history, marking the
culmination of Prophet Muhammad's(saw) efforts to establish Islam and reclaim the
sacred city of Mecca.

BACKGROUND PREPARATION FOR THE MARCH

CONTEXT THE CAMPAIGN TO MECCA

Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: In 628 CE, Strategic Mobilization: In response Silent and Peaceful Approach:
a pivotal treaty was signed to the breach, Muhammad(saw) Muhammad's(saw) army
between the Muslims and the gathered a large army of approached Mecca without
Quraysh, known as the Treaty of approximately 10,000 Muslims to aggression, emphasizing the
Hudaybiyyah. This treaty allowed march towards Mecca. This large peaceful nature of the campaign.
Muslims to perform pilgrimage force represented not only the He sought to minimize bloodshed
(Umrah) to Mecca the following strength of the Muslim community and show that the Muslims were
year and provided a period of but also their determination to not there for revenge.
peace between the two parties. reclaim their holy city.
Entry into the City: On January
Breach of Treaty: However, in 630 Support from Allies: Many tribes 11, 630 CE, the Muslim army
CE, the Quraysh violated the treaty who had previously opposed the entered Mecca, and the Quraysh
by attacking a tribe allied with the Muslims now joined were taken by surprise. The entry
Muslims. This act prompted Muhammad’s(saw) cause, was largely peaceful, as
Muhammad (saw) to prepare for a recognizing his leadership and the Muhammad(saw) sought to avoid
response. growing influence of Islam. conflict and bloodshed.
 The Conquest of Mecca
(Fath e Makkah)

Destruction of Idols: One of

Muhammad's(saw)first actions upon Return to the Kaaba: The Kaaba
entering the Kaaba was to destroy the was cleansed of its idols, and the
idols that had been placed inside, rituals of Islam were reinstated.
reaffirming the monotheistic message of
Islam. This act symbolized the rejection of
KEY EVENTS DURING The call to prayer (Adhan) was
established, marking a new era of
polytheism and the restoration of the THE CONQUEST Islamic worship in Mecca.
Kaaba as a place of worship for the One
God.
Influence of Islam: Following the
Proclamation of Forgiveness: conquest, many inhabitants of
Muhammad(saw)addressed the Quraysh, Mecca embraced Islam. The event
declaring a general amnesty for those who AFTERMATH AND RE- marked the transition of Mecca
had opposed him. He emphasized ESTABLISHMENT OF ISLAM from a center of polytheism to the
forgiveness and reconciliation, offering
heart of the Islamic faith
peace to those who sought it. This gesture
was significant in promoting unity and
healing the divisions within the
community.

Impact on Islamic History: The

conquest of Mecca solidified
Unity of the Muslim Community:
Muhammad's(saw) position as the
The conquest symbolized the
leader of the Muslim community
unification of the Muslim SIGNIFICANCE OF and marked a significant turning
community and the establishment
of Mecca as the central hub for THE CONQUEST point in the history of Islam.
Muslims worldwide.
Continued Commemoration: The
event is commemorated in Islamic
Strategic Importance: Control over
tradition as a demonstration of
Mecca also allowed for the
establishment of Islamic LEGACY divine support for
Muhammad(saw) and his mission,
governance and provided a base
for the further spread of Islam showcasing the principles of
throughout Arabia mercy, justice, and unity
 List of significant battles fought by Prophet
Muhammad SAW and his followers

Significance: The Quraysh sought

Significance: This was the revenge for their defeat at Badr.
first major battle between The battle took place near Mount
the Muslims of Medina and Uhud, close to Medina.
the Quraysh of Mecca.
Outcome: The Muslims faced a
Outcome: The Muslims setback due to disobedience
achieved a decisive victory, among the archers, leading to
which significantly boosted heavy casualties, including the
their morale and established death of Muhammad’s (saw)
Muhammad’s(saw) uncle, Hamza. Despite this, the
BATTLE OF BADR leadership battle ended without a clear BATTLE OF UHUD
(624 CE) victory for either side (625 CE)

Significance: Following the

Significance: Also known as the
BATTLE OF THE Battle of Ahzab, it was a siege by
Battle of the Trench, the Jewish BATTLE OF BANU
tribe of Banu Quraiza was
TRENCH (627 CE) a coalition of tribes, including
accused of treachery against
QURAIZA (627 CE)
the Quraysh, against Medina.
the Muslims.
Outcome: The Muslims
Outcome: The tribe
successfully defended the city
surrendered, and after a
by digging a trench, as advised
by Salman al-Farsi. The siege tribunal, the male members
ended in failure for the Quraysh, were executed, and the women
who withdrew and children were taken captive
 List of significant battles fought by Prophet
Muhammad SAW and his followers

Significance: This battle was

Significance: Khaybar was a fought against the Byzantine
stronghold of Jewish tribes that Empire near the village of
had opposed Muhammad(saw) Mu'tah in present-day Jordan,
and the Muslims. following the killing of a Muslim
envoy.
Outcome: The Muslims captured
the fortresses of Khaybar after a Outcome: Although the Muslims
series of engagements, resulting were heavily outnumbered and
in a significant increase in suffered significant losses, they
resources for the Muslim retreated strategically, marking
BATTLE OF a critical moment in Muslim
BATTLE OF MU'TAH
community.
KHAYBAR (628 CE) military strategy. (629 CE)

Significance: This battle Significance: This was a

occurred shortly after the military expedition against the
BATTLE OF THE conquest of Mecca, against the Byzantine forces, although no BATTLE OF TABUK
HUNAYN (630 CE)
tribes of Hawazinand Thaqif, major battle ensued as the (630 CE)
who opposed Muhammad(saw). enemy retreated.

Outcome: Initially, the Muslims Outcome: The Muslims

faced a surprise attack and established their presence in
suffered losses, but they the region, and the expedition
regrouped and ultimately strengthened the unity and
achieved victory resolve of the Muslim
community.
 Most important Prophecies made by Prophet
Muhammad saw (peace be upon him)

1. THE CONQUEST 2. THE VICTORY 3. THE DIVISION OF 4. SIGNS OF THE DAY OF

OF MECCA OF THE ROMANS THE UMMAH JUDGMENT

Hadith: The Prophet said, “Verily, Quran Reference: “The Romans Hadith: The Prophet said, “The Hadith: The Prophet mentioned some
Allah has promised me that you have been defeated in the Jews split into seventy-one sects, signs of the Hour, including, “There will
and the Christians split into be much fornication, and when
will enter the Sacred Mosque in nearest land, and they, after
fornication becomes widespread among
safety...”(Sahih Bukhari) their defeat, will be seventy-two sects, and my Ummah
the people, then expect a great
victorious.”(Surah Ar-Rum 30:2- will split into seventy-three sects.”
calamity.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)
4) (Sunan Abu Dawood)

5. THE DEATH OF 6. EMERGENCE OF 7. THE IMPORTANCE OF 8. THE ROLE

HIS COMPANIONS FALSE PROPHETS SEEKING KNOWLEDGE OF WOMEN
Hadith: The Prophet said, Hadith: The Prophet warned, Hadith: The Prophet said, Hadith: The Prophet said, “The
“Among my companions, “There will be false prophets “Seeking knowledge is an best of you are those who are
there will be those who will after me, and they will say things obligation upon every best to their women.”(Sunan Ibn
be martyred.”(Sahih Muslim) that you have not heard of, so be Muslim.”(Sunan Ibn Majah) Majah)
cautious.” (Sahih Bukhari)

9. THE RETURN OF 10. COMPANIONS IN

JESUS (ISA) PARADISE

Hadith: The Prophet said, Hadith: The Prophet said,

“By Him in Whose Hand is “My companions are like the
my soul, the son of Mary will stars; whichever of them you
soon descend among you as follow, you will be guided.”
a just ruler.”(Sahih Bukhari) (Sunan Ibn Majah)
 Most important Prophecies made by Prophet
Muhammad saw (peace be upon him)

11. MORAL DECAY 12. ABUNDANT 13. THE APPEARANCE OF 14. THE EXPANSION OF THE
BEFORE THE HOUR WEALTH THE ANTICHRIST (DAJJAL) MUSLIM COMMUNITY

Hadith: The Prophet said, Hadith: The Prophet said, “A Hadith: The Prophet warned, Hadith: The Prophet said, “The people
“There will come a time upon time will come when wealth will “There will be a Dajjal in the last will continue to follow the right path as
days, and he will claim to be God.” long as they do not indulge in the
the people when they will not be abundant and widespread.”
luxuries of this world.” (Sahih Bukhari)
care about how they earn (Sahih Bukhari) (Sahih Muslim)
their money, whether it is
lawful or unlawful.” (Sahih
Bukhari)

15. CIVIL STRIFE 16. THE IMPORTANCE 17. THE FITTING OF THE 18. THE INCREASING
AND BLOODSHED OF BROTHERHOOD DAJJAL’S ERA DIVISION AMONG MUSLIMS

Hadith: The Prophet said, Hadith: The Prophet said, “You Hadith: The Prophet said, “In the Hadith: The Prophet said, “My
“There will be a lot of killing will not enter Paradise until you last days, the truth will be Ummah will split into many
and bloodshed.” (Sahih believe, and you will not believe regarded as falsehood, and factions, and only one of them
Bukhari) until you love one another.” falsehood will be regarded as will be saved.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)
(Sahih Muslim) truth.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)

19. THE RETURN OF

THE KHILAFAH

Hadith: The Prophet said, “Prophethood

will remain among you as long as Allah
wills it to remain, then He will take it
away. Then there will be Khilafah
according to the method of
Prophethood.”(Sunan Abi Dawood)
 Prophet Muhammad SAW(peace be upon
him) about the Dajjal (the Antichrist)

CHARACTERISTICS ROLE IN THE END TEACHINGS OF

OF DAJJAL TIMES PROPHET MUHAMMAD

Warning Against Dajjal: The Prophet

Appearance: The Dajjal is described Trial: The Dajjal will be a major trial emphasized the importance of
as a one-eyed man, with the word for humanity, testing the faith of seeking refuge in Allah from the
"kafir" (disbeliever) written on his believers. His appearance will be Dajjal. He encouraged Muslims to
forehead. He will have a powerful one of the signs preceding the Day recite Surah e Khaf and to be
and persuasive presence. of Judgment. vigilant about the signs leading to
the Dajjal's emergence.
Deception: He will be known for his Claim to Divinity: He will claim to
ability to perform miraculous acts, be God, demanding worship and Protection: Believers are advised to
deceiving people into believing he allegiance, and will create memorize the first ten verses of
has divine powers. His main goal will confusion and chaos among the Surah Al-Kahf (Chapter 18 of the
be to lead people away from the Quran), as it is believed that these
people.
worship of Allah verses provide protection against
the Dajjal.
 Prophet Muhammad SAW(peace be upon
him) about the Dajjal (the Antichrist)

THE END OF THE

DAJJAL One Hadith states: “There
has not been any prophet
who did not warn his nation
about the Dajjal. I am
warning you about him, and I
warn you of his evil.” (Sahih
Muslim)

Jesus’ Role: According to

Islamic tradition, Jesus (Isa)
will return to earth and
confront the Dajjal,
ultimately defeating him
and restoring justice

HADITH
REFERENCES
 The last days of Prophet Muhammad(SAW)
(peace be upon him)

FAREWELL FINAL ILLNESS FINAL DAYS AND

PILGRIMAGE DEATH

Hajj: In the year prior to his passing, Illness: In the month of Safar, 11 Final Moments: As his health
he performed his farewell pilgrimage AH (632 CE), the Prophet fell ill. declined, he took the opportunity
(Hajj) in 10 AH. During this pilgrimage, His health deteriorated to reconcile with anyone who had
he delivered a powerful sermon grievances against him. He asked
gradually, and he experienced
known as the Farewell Sermon, where his family for forgiveness and
fever and pain.
he emphasized the principles of advised them to remain united.
justice, equality, and the rights of
others. Last Days: Despite his illness, he
Death: On the 12th of Rabi' al-
continued to guide his followers,
Awwal, 11 AH (June 8, 632 CE),
addressing important matters
the Prophet passed away in the
and delivering final instructions.
arms of his beloved wife, Aisha
(may Allah be pleased with her),
in Medina.
 Impact of His Death

Grief:
The news of his death spread quickly, causing immense sorrow among his companions and the Muslim
community. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), his close companion, famously calmed the
people by saying, “Whoever worships Muhammad(SAW), Muhammad(SAW) is dead; but whoever worships Allah,
Allah is alive and will never die.”

Burial:
The Prophet was buried in Aisha's room, which is now part of the Prophet's Mosque in Medina.
 Final Sermon from The Prophet
Mohammed SAW

Key Points of the Final Sermon:

SANCTITY OF LIFE, PROPERTY, EQUALITY AMONG RIGHTS AND TREATMENT
AND HONOR: ALL PEOPLE: OF WOMEN:
"All mankind is from Adam and
Eve. An Arab has no superiority
"Your lives, your "I enjoin you to treat
over a non-Arab, nor does a
property, and your honor non-Arab have any superiority women kindly, for they are
are sacred to one over an Arab; a white has no your partners and
another... just as this day, superiority over a black, nor
does a black have any
committed helpers."
this month, and this city (Reference: Sahih Muslim,
superiority over a white; none
are sacred." have superiority over others Hadith 1468)
(Reference: Sahih except by piety and good
Muslim, Hadith 3309) actions."
(Reference: Sahih Muslim,
Hadith 335)

THE QUR'AN AND SUNNAH

FINAL MESSAGE OF
AS GUIDING SOURCES:
ACCOUNTABILITY:
"I am leaving among you
"You will be asked about
two things, and if you
me on the Day of
adhere to both of them,
Judgment, so what will you
you will never go astray: answer?"
the Book of Allah and my (Reference: Sahih al-
Sunnah (traditions)." Bukhari, Hadith 1613)
(Reference: Sahih
Muslim, Hadith 1218
 One of the most powerful Duas

1. DUA FOR HEALING FROM SICKNESS

Arabic:

‫ ِش َف اًء ال ُيَغ اِد ُر َس َق ًم ا‬، ‫ ال ِش َف اَء ِإاَّل ِش َف اُؤَك‬،‫ َو اْش ِف َأْنَت الَّش اِفي‬، ‫الَّلُه َّم َرَّب الَّناِس َأْذ ِه ِب اْلَباَس‬
Transliteration:Allahumma Rabb an-Naas, adhhib al-ba’sa washfi anta ash-Shaafi, la shifa’a illa shifa’uk, shifa’an la
yughadiru saqaman.

Translation: "O Allah! Lord of humankind, remove the harm and cure, You are the Curer. There is no cure except Your
cure, a cure that leaves no illness behind."

Reference: This dua is recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith No. 5743

2. DUA FOR PROTECTION FROM HELLFIRE

Arabic:

‫َأ‬
‫الَّلُه َّم ِج ْر ِني ِم َن الَّناِر‬
Transliteration: Allahumma ajirni min an-naar

Translation: "O Allah, protect me from the Fire."\

Reference: It is narrated that the Prophet Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬advised saying this dua three times in the morning and
three times in the evening for protection from the Hellfire.
(Abu Dawood, Hadith No. 5079; An-Nasa'i)
 One of the most powerful Duas

3. COMPLETE DUA FOR PROTECTION FROM THE PUNISHMENT OF THE GRAVE AND HELLFIRE

Transliteration: Allahumma inni a’udhu bika min ‘adhabi al-qabr, wa min ‘adhabi Jahannam, wa min fitnatil mahya wal
mamaat, wa min sharri fitnatil maseeh ad-dajjal.

Translation: "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, from the punishment of Hellfire, from the
trials of life and death, and from the evil of the trial of the False Messiah (Dajjal)."

Reference: This dua is found in Sahih Muslim, Hadith No. 588, and it was reported that the Prophet Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬
taught his followers to recite this dua at the end of their prayers for comprehensive protection.

4. DUA TO SAVE YOURSELF FROM DEBT

This dua helps ask for sufficiency through halal means, so you may avoid debt:

Arabic (Indo-Pak script):

‫الّٰلُه َّم اْك ِف ِني ِبَحاَل ِلَك َع ْن َحَراِم َك َو َأْغ ِنِني ِبَفْض ِلَك َع َّم ْن ِس َو اَك‬
Transliteration: Allahumma ikfini bihalalika ‘an haramika, wa aghnini bifadhlika ‘amman siwak.

Translation: "O Allah, suffice me with what You have allowed instead of what You have forbidden, and make me
independent of all others besides You."

Reference:Sunan At-Tirmidhi, Hadith No. 3563.

 One of the most powerful Duas

5. DUA FOR AFIYA

advised his uncle, Al-Abbas (RA), to ask Allah for afiya regularly, as it includes everything )‫ (ﷺ‬The Prophet Muhammad
.beneficial in this world and the next

Arabic (Indo-Pak script):

‫ ِفي الُّد ْنَي ا َو اآْل ِخ َرِة‬، ‫الَّلُه َّم ِإِّني َأْس َأُلَك اْلَع ْف َو َو اْلَع اِف َي َة‬
Transliteration: Allahumma inni as’aluka al-‘afwa wal-‘afiyata fid-dunya wal-akhirah.

Translation: "O Allah, I ask You for forgiveness and well-being in this life and the Hereafter."

6. SEEKING PROTECTION FROM THE EVIL EYE (NAZAR)

:provided specific supplications to protect oneself from the harm of the evil eye )‫ (ﷺ‬The Prophet Muhammad
Dua for Protection from the Evil Eye

Arabic (Indo-Pak script):

‫َأُعوُذ ِبَكِلَم اِت ِهَّللا الَّتاَّم اِت ِم ْن َش ِّر َم ا َخَلَق‬
Transliteration: A’udhu bikalimatillahi at-tammati min sharri ma khalaq.

Translation: "I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from the evil of what He has created."

Hadith Reference: Sahih Muslim, Hadith No. 2188

 One of the most powerful Duas

7. RECITING SURAH AL-FALAQ AND SURAH AN-NAAS - SEEKING PROTECTION FROM THE EVIL
EYE (NAZAR)
The last two chapters of the Qur'an, Surah Al-Falaq (113) and Surah An-Naas (114), are often recited for protection from the evil eye,
magic, and other harms:

Surah Al-Falaq (113):

Arabic:
‫ َو ِم ْن َش ِّر َحاِس ٍد ِإَذ ا َحَس َد‬،‫ َو ِم ْن َش ِّر الَّنَّف اَثاِت ِفي اْلُع َق ِد‬، ‫ َو ِم ْن َش ِّر َغ اِس ٍق ِإَذ ا َو َق َب‬، ‫ ِم ْن َش ِّر َم ا َخَلَق‬، ‫ُق ْل َأُعوُذ ِبَرِّب اْلَف َلِق‬
Transliteration: Qul a’udhu bi rabbil-falaq, min sharri ma khalaq, wa min sharri ghasiqin idha waqab, wa min sharri an-naffaa-thaati
fil-‘uqad, wa min sharri haasidin idha hasad.

Translation: "Say, ‘I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak, from the evil of what He has created, and from the evil of the night when it
darkens, and from the evil of those who practice witchcraft when they blow in the knots, and from the evil of the envier when he
envies.’"

Surah An-Naas (114):

Arabic:
‫ ِم َن اْلِج َّنِة َو الَّناِس‬، ‫ اَّلِذي ُيَوْس ِو ُس ِفي ُص ُدوِر الَّناِس‬، ‫ ِم ْن َش ِّر اْلَوْس َو اِس اْلَخَّناِس‬، ‫ ِإَٰل ِه الَّناِس‬، ‫ َم ِلِك الَّناِس‬، ‫ُق ْل َأُعوُذ ِبَرِّب الَّناِس‬
Transliteration: Qul a’udhu bi rabbin-naas, malikin-naas, ilaahin-naas, min sharri al-waswaasi al-khannaas, alladhi yuwaswisu fee
sudoorin-naas, minal-jinnati wa-nnaas.

Translation: "Say, ‘I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind, the King of mankind, the God of mankind, from the evil of the whisperer who
withdraws, who whispers in the breasts of mankind, of jinn and of mankind.’

Reference: These two Surahs are often recited together for protection from the evil eye and all forms of harm, as recommended by
the Prophet Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬.
· Hadith Reference: Sahih Muslim, Hadith No. 814
 One of the most powerful Duas

8. RECITING AYAT-UL-KURSI (SURAH AL-BAQARAH, 2:255) FOR PROTECTION - SEEKING

PROTECTION FROM THE EVIL EYE (NAZAR)

The verse of Ayat-ul-Kursi is powerful and brings protection from all harm, including the evil eye:

Arabic (Indo-Pak script):

‫هَّللا اَل ٰل َه اَّل ُه َو الَح الَق ُّيوُم اَل َتْأُخُذ ُه ِس َنٌة َو اَل َنْو ٌم َلُه َم ا ِفي الَّس َم اَو اِت َوَم ا ِفي اَأْلْر ِض َم ْن َذ ا اَّلِذي َيْش َف ُع ِع نَدُه اَّل ْذ ِنِه َيْع َلُم َم ا َبْي َن َأْيِديِه ْم َوَم ا َخْلَف ُه ْم َو اَل‬
‫ِإ ِبِإ‬ ‫ُّي‬ ‫ِإ ِإ‬
‫ُيِح يُط وَن ِبَش ْي ٍء ِّم ْن ِع ْلِم ِه ِإاَّل ِبَم ا َش اَء َو ِس َع ُكْر ِس ُّيُه الَّس َم اَو اِت َو اَأْلْر َض َو َيُئوُدُه ِح ُظ ُه َم ا َو ُه َو ا َع ِلُّي ا َع ِظ يُم‬
‫ْل‬ ‫ْل‬ ‫ْف‬ ‫اَل‬
Transliteration: Allahu la ilaha illa huwa al-hayyul qayyum, la ta’khudhuhu sinatun wa la nawm, lahu ma fissamawati
wama fil-ard, man dhal-ladhi yashfa’u ‘indahu illa bi-idhnihi ya’lamu ma bayna aideehim wama khalfahum wala
yuhituna bishay’in min ilmihi illa bima sha’a wasi’a kursiyuhu assamawati wal-ard, wa la ya’uduhu hifzuhuma wa huwa
al-‘Aliyyul ‘Azim.

Translation: "Allah! There is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of existence. Neither drowsiness
overtakes Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is it that can
intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is before them and what will be after them, and they
encompass not a thing of His knowledge except that which He wills. His Kursi extends over the heavens and the earth,
and their preservation tires Him not. And He is the Most High, the Most Great."

Reference:Surah Al-Baqarah (2:255)

Sahih Muslim, Hadith No. 814
 One of the most powerful Duas

9. DUA FOR FINDING A RIGHTEOUS SPOUSE.

Dua for a Righteous Spouse

This dua is asking Allah for a righteous spouse, as found in the Qur'an:

Arabic (Indo-Pak script):

‫رِّب َه ْب ِلي ِم ْن َلُدْنَك َزَو اًجا َص اِلًحا‬
Transliteration: Rabbihab li min ladunka zawajan salihan.

Translation: "My Lord, grant me from Yourself a righteous spouse."

Reference: This is inspired by the general guidance in the Qur'an, such as Surah Al-Furqan (25:74):

Translation for the verse : "Our Lord, grant us from our wives and our children the comfort of our eyes and make
us an example for the righteous."

10. DUA TO SAVE ONESELF FROM ZINA

‫لّلُه ّم اْغ ِف ْر َذْنِبي َوَط ِّهْر َقْلِبي َوَحِّس ْن َف ْجِري‬

Allahumma ighfir dhanbī wa ṭahhir qalbī wa ḥassin fajrī

"O Allah, forgive my sins, purify my heart, and improve my dawn."

Reference - Musnad Ahmed 22211
 One of the most powerful Duas

11. DUA WHEN IN PROBLEM – DUA E YUNUS

Laa ilaha illa Anta, Subhanaka inni kuntu min az-zalimeen

"There is no deity except You", "Glory is to You" (praising Allah's perfection) “Indeed, I have been of the wrongdoers"

Reference - Sunan at-Tirmidhi (Vol. 5, Book 45, Hadith 3505)

12. DUA FOR EMPLOYEMENT, BLESSINGS, MARRRIAGE – DUA OF MUSA AS

Arabic:
‫َأ‬
‫َرِّب ِإِّني ِلَم ا نَزْلَت ِإَلَّي ِم ْن َخْيٍر َف ِق يٌر‬
Transliteration: Rabbi inni lima anzalta ilayya min khairin faqir

English Translation: "My Lord, indeed I am in need of whatever good You would send down to me." (Qur'an, Surah Al-
Qasas, 28:24)
 One of the most powerful Duas

13. DUA TO GOOD ENDING – HUSN AL KATIMAH

Arabic (Quranic Text):

‫الَّلُه َّم ِإِّني َأْس َأُلَك ُحْس َن اْلَخاِتَم ِة‬
Transliteration: Allahumma inni asaluka husn al-khatimah

Translation: "O Allah, I ask You for a good ending."

Hadith References:
1. Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Hadith 3566:
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, “When a person asks Allah for a good ending, Allah will grant it to him.”
2. Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith 4256:
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬also taught to regularly ask Allah for a good ending, saying, "Seek refuge in Allah from a bad ending
and ask for a good ending.”

14. DUA FOR SEEKING CHILDREN AND BARAKAH

Arabic (Quranic Text):

‫الَّلُه َّم َأْك ِث ْر َم اِلي َوَو َلِدي َو َباِرْك ِلي ِفيِه‬
Transliteration: Allahumma aksir mali wa waladi wa barikli fihi

Translation: "O Allah, increase my wealth and my children and bless me in them“

.Sahih Muslim, Hadith 2429: About seeking blessings in children and wealth ·
.Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith 3627: Encouraging believers to ask Allah for an increase in their provisions and family ·
 One of the most powerful Duas

15. WHEN PROPHET SAW WAS IN PROBLEMS HE USED SAY THIS DUA

Arabic (Quranic Text):

‫َفَة‬ ‫ْأ‬ ‫َأ‬
‫َيا َحُّي َيا َق ُّيوُم ِبَرْحَم ِتَك َنْس َتِغ يُث ْص ِلْح َش ِني ُكَّلُه َو ال َتِكْلِني ِإىَل َنْف ِس ي َط ْر َع ْيٍن‬
Transliteration: Ya Hayyu Ya Qayyumu Birahmatika Nasta'geethu Asli Sha'ni Kullahu Wa La Taqilni Ila
Nafsi Tarfata A'in.

Translation: "O Ever-Living, O Sustainer, we seek Your help through Your mercy. Correct all of my
affairs and do not leave me to rely upon myself for even the blink of an eye."

Meaning:

Al-Hayy (The Ever-Living): Allah, who is not subject to death or decay.

Al-Qayyum (The Sustainer): Allah, who sustains and governs everything in existence.
Sahih Muslim, Hadith 2730: The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬taught the importance of invoking Allah’s mercy and
His attributes for divine intervention in difficult times.
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

1. ETIQUETTES OF EATING AND DRINKING

1. Avoid Eating and Drinking with Gold and Silver Utensils: The Prophet (PBUH) prohibited the use of gold and silver
utensils, as mentioned in the hadith: “Do not drink from gold and silver vessels, and do not eat in their plates.”
2. Prioritize Eating Before Prayer if Food is Served: If food is ready at the time of prayer, it’s recommended to eat
first, as indicated by the hadith: “When dinner is served and the prayer is ready to start, begin with dinner.”
3. Wash Hands Before and After Eating: Cleanliness is a significant part of faith, highlighted by the hadith:
“Cleanliness is half of faith.”
4. Start with "Bismillah": Begin meals by saying "Bismillah" (In the name of Allah). The Prophet (PBUH) taught: “O boy,
mention the name of Allah, eat with your right hand, and eat from what is near you.”
5. Thank Allah After Eating: Showing gratitude is emphasized in the hadith: “Praise be to Allah who fed me this and
provided it for me without any power or might on my part.”
6. Use the Right Hand for Eating and Drinking: Eating with the right hand is advised, as the Prophet (PBUH) said, “Do
not eat with your left hand, for Satan eats with his left hand.”
7. Pick Up Fallen Food: If a morsel of food falls, it is encouraged to clean it and eat it, rather than wasting it. As the
Prophet (PBUH) said: “If any of you drops a morsel of food, let him remove any dirt on it and eat it.”
8. Avoid Criticizing Food: The Prophet (PBUH) never criticized food; he would either eat it or leave it if he did not
prefer it.
9. Do Not Breathe or Blow into Drinking Vessels: The Prophet (PBUH) advised against breathing into drinking
containers, saying: “When any of you drinks, let him not breathe into the vessel.”

These etiquettes foster respect, gratitude, and humility in daily life, aligning with the
Prophet's (PBUH) example of mindful and respectful living.
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

2. ETIQUETTES OF CONVERSATION

1. Speak Truthfully and Justly: The Quran encourages believers to speak with honesty and fairness:
“O you who have believed, fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice.” (Surah Al-Ahzab, 33:70)
2. Speak Good or Remain Silent: The Prophet (PBUH) advised speaking beneficial words or staying silent if one
has nothing good to say:
“Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him speak good or remain silent.” (Hadith)
3. Use a Gentle Tone: Speaking in a gentle and calm manner is encouraged:
“And lower your voice.” (Surah Luqman, 31:19)
4. Avoid Backbiting and Slander: The Quran warns against backbiting, comparing it to eating the flesh of one's
dead brother, emphasizing its seriousness:
“And do not backbite one another.” (Surah Al-Hujurat, 49:12)
5. Remain Silent During the Azan: Out of respect, one should remain quiet and respond to the words of the
muezzin during the call to prayer:
“When you hear the call to prayer, say what the muezzin says.” (Hadith)
6. Be Honest and Truthful: Truthfulness is highly valued, and believers are encouraged to keep company with
those who are truthful:
“O you who have believed, fear Allah and be with those who are true.” (Surah At-Tawbah, 9:119)
7. Avoid Obscene or Offensive Language: The Prophet (PBUH) discouraged the
“The believer is not a slanderer, nor does he speak obscenely or abusively.” (Hadith)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

3. ETIQUETTES OF TRAVELING

1. Bid Farewell with a Supplication: The Prophet (PBUH) would bid farewell to travelers by entrusting
them to Allah's protection: “I entrust your religion, your trust, and the last of your deeds to Allah.”
(Hadith)
2. Women Should Travel with a Mahram: He advised that women should be accompanied by a mahram (a
close male relative) for safety and support: “A woman should not travel except with a mahram.”
(Hadith)
3. Do Not Prolong the Journey Unnecessarily: Traveling can be exhausting, and thus it’s recommended to
avoid extending it more than necessary: “Traveling is a piece of torment.” (Hadith)
4. Avoid Traveling Alone, Especially at Night: The Prophet (PBUH) warned of the dangers of solo travel,
particularly at night, due to potential risks: “If people knew what I know about the dangers of traveling
alone, no rider would travel alone at night.” (Hadith)
5. Start a Journey with Supplication: Travelers are encouraged to recite specific supplications,
acknowledging Allah’s power and seeking His protection: “Exalted is He who subjected this to us, and we
could not have [otherwise] subdued it.” (Surah Az-Zukhruf, 43:13)
6. Prefer Traveling at Night: The Prophet (PBUH) suggested that night travel is more comfortable, as the
journey is eased by the cooler temperature and the earth “feels shortened”: “You should travel at night
because the earth is folded (traveled faster) during the night.” (Hadith)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

4. ETIQUETTES OF VISITING THE SICK

1. Keep Visits Brief: To avoid causing discomfort, the Prophet (PBUH) advised that visits to the sick should be brief:
“When you visit a sick person, do not prolong your stay.” (Hadith)
2. Offer Words of Comfort and Hope: He would reassure the sick, giving them hope and a positive outlook:
“No harm, it will be a purification [from sins], if Allah wills.” (Hadith)
3. Encourage Patience and Prayer: Visitors are encouraged to remind the sick of the virtue of patience, as Allah is
with those who patiently endure:
“Indeed, Allah is with the patient.” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:153)
4. Pray for the Sick’s Recovery: The Prophet (PBUH) taught that supplication for recovery is a meaningful way to
support the sick:
“Remove the harm, O Lord of the people, and heal [him], for You are the Healer.” (Hadith)
5. Place a Hand on the Forehead and Pray: He would sometimes place his hand on the sick person’s forehead and
make supplications, adding a comforting, personal touch:
“When the Prophet (PBUH) visited a sick person, he would place his hand on him and say: ‘O Allah, Lord of the
people, remove the harm.’” (Hadith)
6. Sit Where the Patient Can See You: It’s recommended to sit within the patient's line of sight, showing respect
and attentiveness to their comfort:
“When you visit [the sick], sit where the patient can see you.” (Hadith)
7. Leave if the Visit May Cause Inconvenience: The Prophet (PBUH) encouraged visitors to leave if they sensed
their presence might become a burden to the patient.
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

5. ETIQUETTES OF CONDUCT IN THE MOSQUE

1. Cleanliness of the Mosque: The Prophet (PBUH) emphasized the importance of keeping the mosque clean, as it is
a place dedicated to worship and remembrance of Allah.
2. The Mosque Belongs to Allah: The Quran states that mosques are for Allah alone, underscoring the sacred nature
of these spaces: “The mosques belong to Allah, so do not call upon anyone besides Allah.” (Surah Al-Jinn, 72:18)
3. Entering and Exiting the Mosque: It is recommended to enter the mosque with the right foot and exit with the
left. A supplication is encouraged upon entry: “When one of you enters the mosque, let him say: ‘O Allah, open
for me the doors of Your mercy.’” (Hadith)
4. No Business Transactions in the Mosque: Mosques are for worship, not for trade. If someone is seen buying or
selling, it is recommended to say: “If you see someone buying or selling in the mosque, say: ‘May Allah not make
your trade profitable.’” (Hadith)
5. Recite Specific Supplications When Entering and Exiting: Saying “Bismillah” (In the name of Allah) and sending
blessings on the Prophet (PBUH) upon entering, along with a prayer for mercy, are encouraged: “In the name of
Allah, and peace and blessings upon the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, open for me the doors of Your mercy.”
(Hadith)
6. Perform Two Rak'ahs Upon Entry: Upon entering the mosque, it is recommended to perform two units (rak'ahs)
of prayer before sitting down: “When one of you enters the mosque, let him perform two rak'ahs before sitting
down.” (Hadith)
7. Silence During the Sermon: During the Friday sermon (khutbah), it is advised to remain silent and attentive.
Speaking, even to remind others to be quiet, is discouraged: “If you say to your companion on Friday while the
Imam is delivering the sermon, ‘Be quiet,’ you have engaged in idle talk.” (Hadith)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

6. ETIQUETTES OF GATHERING AND SITTING

1. Start with the Name of Allah: It is encouraged to begin gatherings by saying "Bismillah" (In the name of Allah, the
Most Gracious, the Most Merciful), invoking blessings and guidance from Allah at the outset.
2. Avoid Sitting in the Middle: The Prophet (PBUH) advised against sitting in the center of a circle in gatherings, as
this position can create an unnecessary focus on oneself. "The Prophet (PBUH) forbade sitting in the middle of a
circle." (Hadith)
3. Greet Each Other with Peace: On arriving at a gathering, greet everyone with "As-salamu alaykum wa
rahmatullahi wa barakatuh" (Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah), as this fosters a welcoming and positive
environment.
4. Make Space for Others: When in a gathering, making space for others to sit comfortably is encouraged, showing
kindness and consideration. “Make room [for others], Allah will make room for you.” (Surah Al-Mujadila, 58:11)
5. Sit in a Circle: The Prophet (PBUH) often sat in a circle with his companions, emphasizing equality and inclusivity,
as no one position was better than another. “The Prophet (PBUH) used to sit in a circle when he sat down.”
(Hadith)
6. Avoid Whispering or Private Conversations: In public gatherings, it is advised to avoid private conversations or
whispering between a few people if it excludes others, as this may create discomfort or feelings of exclusion. "If
you are three, then two should not converse privately excluding the third." (Hadith)
7. End Gatherings with a Supplication: At the end of a gathering, it is recommended to seek forgiveness from Allah
by saying: "Glory is to You, O Allah, and praise is to You. I bear witness that there is no deity except You. I seek
Your forgiveness and repent to You." (Hadith)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

7. ETIQUETTES OF FUNERALS AND CONDOLENCES

1. Supplicating for Forgiveness and Peace: The Prophet (PBUH) encouraged making du'a (supplication) for the
deceased, asking Allah to forgive them, have mercy on them, grant them peace, and pardon them. "O Allah, forgive
him, have mercy on him, grant him peace, and pardon him." (Hadith)
2. Respecting the Deceased: The Prophet (PBUH) taught that the deceased should be treated with the utmost respect,
indicating that any disrespect is comparable to harming a living person. "Breaking the bone of a dead person is like
breaking it when he is alive." (Hadith)
3. Attending Funerals: He also encouraged attending funeral prayers to offer support to the deceased's family and to
participate in the communal supplication for the deceased. "Whoever attends a funeral until he prays will have one
qirat of reward." (Hadith)

8. ETIQUETTES OF CONDUCT IN THE MARKET

1. Treating Customers with Respect and Generosity: The Prophet (PBUH) highlighted the importance of kindness in
transactions, encouraging generosity when buying, selling, and collecting payments.
"May Allah have mercy on a man who is generous when he sells, when he buys, and when he seeks payment." (Hadith)
2. Prohibiting Fraud and Deceit: Islam strictly forbids any form of fraud or deceit in business, instructing believers to
be fair and honest in all dealings.
"And give full measure and weight in justice." (Surah Al-An'am, 6:152)
3. Fair Pricing and Avoiding Exploitation: Fair pricing is encouraged, and employers are advised to compensate
workers promptly and justly, avoiding any delay or exploitation.
"Give the worker his wages before his sweat dries." (Hadith)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

9. ETIQUETTES OF EATING OUT AND HOSTING GUESTS

1. Respecting Privacy: Believers are instructed not to enter others' homes without permission, promoting respect for
privacy. "O you who have believed, do not enter houses other than your own." (Qur'an)
2. Accepting Invitations: The Prophet (PBUH) encouraged accepting invitations as a sign of respect and unity, unless
there is a valid reason to decline."If any of you is invited to a meal, let him accept." (Hadith)

10. ETIQUETTES OF GREETING AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS

1. Greeting with Peace: It is encouraged to greet others with "As-Salamu Alaikum" (Peace be upon you), promoting
goodwill and a sense of community. "Spread the greeting of peace among you." (Hadith)
2. Responding to Greetings: When greeted, it is advised to respond with a greeting that is better or at least equal in
kindness. "And when you are greeted with a greeting, greet in return with one better than it or [at least] return it [in a
like manner]." (Surah An-Nisa, 4:86)
3. Respect and Kindness: Emphasizing the importance of treating others with respect and kindness is fundamental.
"The best of people are those who are most beneficial to others." (Hadith)
4. Speaking Gently: Encouragement to speak gently and politely to everyone fosters a positive atmosphere."And speak
to people good [words]." (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:83)
5. Avoiding Arguments: The Prophet (PBUH) advised against unnecessary arguments and disputes, promoting
harmony. "Whoever gives up arguing when he is right, a house will be built for him in the outskirts of Paradise."
(Hadith)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

11. ETIQUETTES OF PERSONAL HYGIENE AND CLEANLINESS

1. Importance of Cleanliness: Cleanliness is considered essential in Islam, equating it with faith. "Cleanliness is half of
faith." (Hadith)
2. Ablution (Wudu): Regular ablution is encouraged, as it not only prepares a person for prayer but also symbolizes
purity and respect for the acts of worship.
3. Using Miswak: The Prophet (PBUH) recommended the use of the miswak (a natural toothbrush) for maintaining oral
hygiene. "If I had not found it difficult for my Ummah, I would have ordered them to use the miswak before every
prayer." (Hadith)
4. Trimming Nails and Hair: Regular grooming, such as trimming nails and hair, is emphasized for maintaining
cleanliness. "The Prophet (PBUH) used to trim his nails every Friday." (Hadith)
5. Bathing: The importance of bathing, especially before the Friday prayers, is highlighted as an obligation for adults.
"Taking a bath on Friday is obligatory for every adult." (Hadith)
6. Wearing Clean Clothes: The Quran emphasizes the importance of wearing clean and pure clothing."And your
clothing purify." (Surah Al-Muddathir, 74:4)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

12. ETIQUETTES OF MARITAL LIFE

1. Best Treatment of Family: The Prophet (PBUH) stated that the best among people are those who treat their
families well. "The best of you are those who are best to their families." (Hadith)
2. Gentleness and Fairness: Husbands are encouraged to treat their wives with gentleness and fairness,
promoting a loving and respectful atmosphere within the marriage.
3. Privacy and Confidentiality: The Prophet (PBUH) stressed the importance of maintaining privacy and
confidentiality regarding marital matters, warning against sharing secrets. "Among the worst people before
Allah on the Day of Judgment is a man who goes to his wife, and she comes to him, and then he spreads her
secrets." (Hadith)
4. Support and Shared Responsibilities: Spouses are encouraged to support one another and share
responsibilities, fostering a sense of partnership in the marriage. "The believing men and believing women are
allies of one another." (Surah At-Tawbah, 9:71)
5. Living in Kindness: The Quran emphasizes the importance of kindness in marital relationships. "And live with
them in kindness." (Surah An-Nisa, 4:19)
6. Open Expression of Affection: The Prophet (PBUH) recommended expressing love and affection openly,
which contributes to a strong emotional bond between spouses. "Gentleness does not enter into anything
except that it beautifies it, and it is not removed from anything except that it disfigures it." (Hadith)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

13. ETIQUETTES OF PARENTING

1. Responsibility of Guardianship: The Prophet (PBUH) conveyed the importance of teaching and guiding children,
stating that each individual is accountable for those under their care."Each of you is a shepherd and each of you is
responsible for his flock." (Hadith)
2. Leading by Example: Parents are encouraged to embody the values of faith and good character in their own lives,
setting a positive example for their children."O you who have believed, protect yourselves and your families from a
Fire." (Surah At-Tahrim, 66:6)
3. Balanced Discipline: The Prophet (PBUH) advocated for a balanced approach to discipline, emphasizing gentleness
rather than harshness."Allah loves gentleness in all matters." (Hadith)
4. Holistic Care: Parents are reminded to attend to the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of their children, ensuring
their well-rounded development."It is enough sin for a person to neglect those whom he is responsible for providing
for." (Hadith)
5. Love and Affection: The Prophet (PBUH) demonstrated immense love and compassion towards children, teaching that
mercy and kindness should be at the forefront of parenting."He who does not show mercy will not be shown mercy."
(Hadith)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

14. ETIQUETTES OF SEEKING KNOWLEDGE

1. Obligation to Seek Knowledge: The Prophet (PBUH) stressed that acquiring knowledge is a duty for every Muslim,
indicating its significance in personal and communal life."Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim."
(Hadith)
2. Acting on Knowledge: It is essential not only to acquire knowledge but also to act upon it, ensuring that learning
translates into practice."Knowledge is only through learning." (Hadith)
3. Lifelong Learning: The pursuit of knowledge should continue throughout one’s life, signifying that education and
personal growth are ongoing processes."Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave." (Hadith)
4. Sharing Knowledge: The Prophet (PBUH) encouraged sharing beneficial knowledge with others, particularly the
teachings of the Quran, as a means to enhance the community’s understanding."The best of you are those who learn
the Quran and teach it." (Hadith)
5. Respect for Teachers: Respecting and honoring those who impart knowledge is a fundamental principle, recognizing
their crucial role in the community."He is not one of us who does not respect our elders, show mercy to our young, and
recognize the rights of our scholars." (Hadith)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

15. ETIQUETTES OF MAKING DU'A (SUPPLICATION)

1. Start with Praise and Blessings: The Prophet (PBUH) recommended beginning du'a by praising Allah and
sending blessings upon him."Call upon your Lord in humility and privately." (Surah Al-A'raf, 7:55)
2. Humility and Sincerity: Supplications should be made with a humble heart and sincere intention, reflecting
one's dependence on Allah."Call upon your Lord in humility and privately." (Surah Al-A'raf, 7:55)
3. Posture and Direction: The Prophet (PBUH) often raised his hands and faced the Qibla while making du'a,
signifying a physical expression of devotion."The Prophet (PBUH) used to raise his hands until the whiteness of
his armpits was visible." (Hadith)
4. Persistence and Patience: It is important to remain persistent and patient in supplication, trusting that Allah
will respond in His time."A servant's supplication is granted as long as he does not ask for sin or cutting off of
family ties, and as long as he is not hasty." (Hadith)
5. Trust in Allah's Response: Believers should have faith in Allah's promise to respond to their supplications,
whether the answer is immediate, delayed, or takes a different form than expected."And your Lord says, 'Call
upon Me; I will respond to you.'" (Surah Ghafir, 40:60)
6. Avoiding Haste: The Prophet (PBUH) warned against being hasty in seeking immediate results from one's
supplications, emphasizing that Allah knows the right time for everything."Invoke Him by them and leave those
who practice deviation concerning His names." (Surah Al-A'raf, 7:180)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

16. ETIQUETTES OF JUMU'AH (FRIDAY PRAYER)

1. Performing Ghusl (Ablution): The Prophet (PBUH) emphasized the importance of taking a bath (ghusl) before attending
the Jumu'ah prayer. This act symbolizes purification and readiness to engage in worship."Taking a bath on Friday is
obligatory for every adult." (Hadith)
2. Using Perfume: Applying perfume is encouraged as a means of personal grooming and showing respect for the
communal prayer atmosphere. It adds to the sense of cleanliness and preparation."And he should apply perfume if he
has any." (Hadith)
3. Arriving Early: Believers are encouraged to arrive early at the mosque for the Jumu'ah prayer. This helps in preparing
oneself spiritually and physically for the communal worship."And leave [off] trade. That is better for you, if you only
knew." (Surah Al-Jumu'ah, 62:9)
4. Wearing Clean and Good Clothes: The Prophet (PBUH) recommended wearing the best and cleanest clothes when
attending the Friday prayer. This reflects a sense of dignity and respect for the occasion."When one of you comes to
Friday prayer, let him take a bath." (Hadith)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

17. ETIQUETTES OF TAHAJJUD (NIGHT PRAYER)

1. Sincere Intention: It is essential to make a sincere intention for performing Tahajjud. The Prophet (PBUH) taught that
actions are judged by intentions, highlighting the importance of purity of purpose in worship."Actions are but by
intentions." (Hadith)
2. Praying in the Last Third of the Night: The Prophet (PBUH) recommended performing Tahajjud during the last third of
the night, a time when the blessings and mercy of Allah are abundant. This is a preferred time for this prayer."Our Lord
descends to the lowest heaven every night when the last third of the night remains." (Hadith)
3. Performing Wudu: Before praying Tahajjud, it is encouraged to perform wudu (ablution). This act of purification
prepares one spiritually and physically for the prayer."When one of you stands for prayer at night, let him perform
wudu." (Hadith)
4. Reciting the Quran: The recitation of the Quran is highly recommended during Tahajjud. It serves as a means of
reflection and spiritual nourishment."And from [part of] the night, pray with it as additional [worship] for you." (Surah
Al-Isra, 17:79)
5. Making Supplications: The Tahajjud prayer is a prime time for making personal supplications (du'a). It is believed that
the closest a servant is to Allah is during prostration, making this an opportune moment for heartfelt prayers."The
closest a servant is to his Lord is when he is in prostration." (Hadith)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

18. ETIQUETTES OF ZAKAT (CHARITY)

1. Purification of Wealth: Zakat is primarily aimed at purifying one’s wealth. It serves as a reminder that all resources
come from Allah and must be used in a manner that reflects His will."Take, [O Muhammad], from their wealth a charity
by which you purify them and cause them increase." (Surah At-Tawbah, 9:103)
2. Discretion in Giving: It is recommended to give Zakat discreetly, ensuring that the dignity of the recipient is
maintained. Publicizing charitable acts can sometimes embarrass those in need."If you disclose your charitable
expenditures, they are good." (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:271)
3. Prioritizing Needy Relatives: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasized the importance of giving Zakat to relatives
in need first. This act not only fulfills the obligation of charity but also strengthens family ties."Charity given to a poor
person is charity, and to a relative, it is charity and maintaining family ties." (Hadith)
4. Zakat al-Fitr: The Prophet (PBUH) encouraged the giving of Zakat al-Fitr, a form of charity given before the Eid al-Fitr
prayer, to help those in need enjoy the celebration of Eid."Enrich them (the poor) on this day (Eid)." (Hadith)
5. Accurate Calculation: It is crucial to calculate Zakat precisely to ensure that the correct amount is given. This careful
calculation reflects the seriousness of the obligation."And give its due [zakah] on the day of its harvest." (Surah Al-
An'am, 6:141)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

19. ETIQUETTES OF SADAQAH (VOLUNTARY CHARITY)

1. · Cheerful Giving: The Prophet (PBUH) stressed the importance of giving charity with a cheerful heart,
highlighting that a positive attitude enhances the act of giving."Do not belittle any good deed." (Hadith)
2. Value of Small Acts: He taught that even the smallest acts of kindness and charity hold great significance. No
good deed is too small, as every act contributes to a person's virtue and rewards."Do not belittle any good
deed." (Hadith)
3. Universal Compassion: The Prophet encouraged helping anyone in need, irrespective of their faith or
background. Acts of kindness extend beyond religious boundaries and encompass all living beings."In every
living being with a moist liver (i.e., any living creature) there is a reward." (Hadith)
4. Continuing Charity: The importance of ongoing charity (Sadaqah Jariyah) is emphasized as it continues to
benefit the giver even after their death. This underscores the idea that charitable acts can create a lasting
legacy."When a person dies, all his deeds end except three: Sadaqah Jariyah (continuing charity), beneficial
knowledge, or a righteous child who prays for him." (Hadith)
5. Sincerity in Giving: Charity should be given purely for the sake of Allah, without the desire for recognition or
reward from others. This principle of sincerity in giving elevates the act of charity to a spiritual level."We feed
you only for the countenance of Allah." (Surah Al-Insan, 76:9)
6. Avoiding Insincerity: The Prophet (PBUH) cautioned against giving charity with the expectation of gaining favors
or recognition, emphasizing the importance of selflessness in charitable acts."And do not confer favor to acquire
more." (Surah Al-Muddathir, 74:6)
 Etiquettes of the Prophet
Mohammed SAW

20. TIQUETTES OF VISITING GRAVES

1. Remembrance of the Hereafter: The Prophet encouraged visiting graves as a means to remember the hereafter and
reflect on the transient nature of life. It serves as a reminder of mortality and the inevitability of death."Increase in
remembering the destroyer of pleasures (i.e., death)." (Hadith)
2. Respectful Conduct: When visiting graves, it is important to maintain a respectful demeanor. The Prophet (PBUH)
advised against actions that show disrespect, such as sitting on graves or praying while facing them."Do not sit on
graves, nor pray facing them." (Hadith)
3. Silence and Decorum: Maintaining a respectful silence while at graves is encouraged. This reflects a solemn
acknowledgment of the deceased and the reality of death."Do not sit on graves, nor pray facing them." (Hadith)
4. Discouragement of Excessive Mourning: The Prophet (PBUH) discouraged excessive mourning and wailing, as such
behavior can distract from the solemn purpose of remembering the deceased."The Prophet (PBUH) prohibited
wailing." (Hadith)
5. Supplication for the Deceased: Making supplications for those who have passed away is encouraged. Visiting gaves is
an opportunity to pray for the deceased and ask for their forgiveness and mercy."Peace be upon you, O inhabitants of
the dwellings, among the believers and the Muslims." (Hadith)
6. Evolution of Guidance: Initially, visiting graves was discouraged, but the Prophet (PBUH) later permitted it,
highlighting the importance of remembering death and the hereafter."I had forbidden you from visiting graves, but
now visit them." (Hadith)
 Qaswa was the name of the beloved camel of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), known for its
loyalty and significance throughout various pivotal moments in the life of the Prophet
(SAW). Qaswa was involved in several key events, including important battles and
journeys. Below are the notable places and battles that Qaswa was part of:

1. THE HIJRAH (MIGRATION) TO 2. BATTLE OF BADR 3. BATTLE OF UHUD

MADINAH (624 CE) (625 CE)

Event: The Hijrah (Migration) from Event: The Battle of Badr was the Event: The Battle of Uhud was a
Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE, the pivotal first major battle between the early second major conflict between the
event marking the beginning of the Muslims and the Quraysh of Muslims and the Quraysh after Badr.
Islamic calendar. Makkah.
Significance: Qaswa was the camel
Significance: During the migration,
Significance: Although Qaswa was that Prophet Muhammad (SAW) rode
Qaswa played a crucial role as the
not directly involved in the fighting, to the battlefield of Uhud. During this
Prophet’s mount. It was during this
the camel carried the Prophet battle, Prophet Muhammad (SAW)
journey that the Prophet (SAW) made the
famous stop at Quba, where the first (SAW) during the battle and was a was injured, and Qaswa's role was
mosque in Islam was built. significant in bringing him to safety
part of the journey to Badr.
after the battle turned unfavorable.
Incident: Qaswa's camel was known for
Role: Qaswa’s presence is recorded
its unique behavior. At one point, when Incident: After the battle, the Prophet
during the strategic movements of (SAW) was mounted on Qaswa to
the Prophet (SAW) reached Madinah,
Qaswa knelt in a place which turned out the Muslim army, contributing to retreat back to Madinah, and the
to be the location of the Prophet’s (SAW) the overall significance of the camel helped in his movement during
new house and mosque. battle the time of distress.
Event: The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
Event: The Conquest of Makkah was
was a pivotal peace treaty between
the victory of the Muslims over the
the Muslims and the Quraysh of
Makkah. Quraysh after years of struggle.

Significance: Qaswa played a

Significance: During this event, the 4. THE TREATY OF
Prophet (SAW) was preparing for the symbolic and practical role in the
pilgrimage but had to halt at
HUDAYBIYYAH (628 CE) conquest. Prophet Muhammad
Hudaybiyyah, where the treaty was (SAW) rode Qaswa into Makkah,
negotiated. Qaswa was once again where the city was peacefully
the Prophet’s mount during this surrendered to the Muslims.
journey.
5. THE CONQUEST
OF MAKKAH (630 CE) Incident: Qaswa is remembered for
Role: The camel was present during being a part of the Prophet’s (SAW)
the peace talks and witnessed the entry into Makkah, marking a
significant moment in Islamic history. significant victory in Islamic history.

Event: The Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajj) Event: The Battle of Tabuk was an
was the final pilgrimage performed by expedition to the north of Arabia to
Prophet Muhammad (SAW) before his confront a potential threat from the
passing. 6. THE FAREWELL Byzantine Empire.

PILGRIMAGE (632 CE) Significance: Prophet Muhammad

Significance: Qaswa carried the
Prophet (SAW) during this important (SAW) rode Qaswa during this long
pilgrimage, including the iconic and difficult journey. The battle was
not directly fought but the
moment when the Prophet delivered 7. THE BATTLE OF expedition was a strategic display
his Farewell Sermon at Arafat.
TABUK (630 CE) of Muslim strength and unity.
Incident: It is reported that Prophet
Muhammad (SAW) delivered his Role: Qaswa was part of the journey
famous sermon from Qaswa’s back through harsh desert conditions
while riding the camel during the and was involved in the strategic
pilgrimage movements during the campaign.
 Death of Qaswa:

After many years of faithful service, Qaswa passed away during the
Prophet's (SAW) final journey to Madīnah after the Farewell Pilgrimage.
It is reported that she died near a place called "Al-Ju'ayfah" (a place
between Madinah and Mecca).

The Prophet (SAW) mourned her passing deeply. In one narration, when
Qaswa died, the Prophet (SAW) was deeply moved and said:
"This is the she-camel of the Messenger of Allah (SAW), and it is the one
on which he traveled during the Hajj and his journeys. She has passed
away, but I ask Allah to have mercy on her."

(Narrated in Sunan Abu Dawood, Hadith 2547)