Science 6th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1

Oxygen
The earth is surrounded by a mixture of gasses called atmosphere air.
the atmosphere is attracted to the Earth by gravity.

Importance of atmosphere to the Earth:

1 – protect earth by absorbing ultraviolet radiation coming from outer space.
2 – adjust temperature of the earth's surface.

Atmosphere:
It is a mixture of gases surrounding the Earth.

Note:

- there are large quantities of solid objects in the atmosphere such

as dust and gases that produced by factories, cars, trains and ships.

- Although these solid objects are considered as air pollutants, they

help in the condensation of water vapor in the air and falling in the
form of drops of rain or snow.

Atmosphere

1- Nitrogen gas 2 – Oxygen gas 3 – Carbon dioxide gas

78 % of atmosphere 21 % of atmosphere and other gases ( Helium,
Neon)
1 % of the atmosphere.

Oxygen gas

- Oxygen exists in the atmosphere in a gaseous state.

- Oxygen gas is essential for all plants and animals life on the earth.

Structure of oxygen gas:

1 Ms. Marim
 Science 6th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1

Oxygen gas consists of two-atom- molecules that have the

composition O2

Why oxygen exists in a fixed ratio (21 %) in the

atmosphere?

Oxygen gas consumed in respiration and combustion processes.

But ,,, it compensated through the photosynthesis process.
In photosynthesis Green plants take carbon dioxide from the air, water
and minerals salts from the soil in the presence of sunlight, they
converted to nutrients and oxygen gas.

Activity 1

Explanation:
Air inside the cylinder loss one of its components which is oxygen as it
is consumed by the candle during burning.

The consumed oxygen is replaced with water inside the cylinder (21
%)

Conclusion:
Oxygen occupies one fifth (21%) of the air volume.

Preparation of oxygen in laboratory

It prepared by decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of manganese dioxide (as

catalyst) into water and oxygen gas.

Note
During this reaction manganese dioxide works as a catalyst, because it remains without a
change in its quantity and properties.

Catalyst:

2 Ms. Marim
 Science 6th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1

A chemical substance that remains without a change in its quantity and

properties during the chemical reaction

Activity 2 >>>>> preparation of oxygen in the laboratory.

Conclusion:
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes in the presence of
manganese dioxide into water and oxygen gas.

Catalyst:
Hydrogen peroxide Water + Oxygen

Note
Oxygen gas replaces the water in the cylinder and it is collected at the top of th cylinder and
this way is called (( the downward displacement of water)) and we use this way because
oxygen scarcely dissolves in water.

Do you know??!!

- Oxygen discovered in China in 800 B.C

- Rediscovered by Joseph Priestley in 1774.
- Antoine Lavoisier gave it the name ( Oxygen) in 1778.

Properties of oxygen:

Activity 3 >>>> to explore the properties of Oxygen.

Conclusion

1 – Oxygen is a colorless, tasteless and odorless gas.

2 – it scarcely dissolves in water.

3 – it has a neutral effect on litmus paper.

4 – oxygen doesn't burn, but it helps in burning.

5 – Oxygen is heavier than air as it replaces the air.

Oxide formation:
Oxygen has the ability to combine directly with most elements
forming oxides.

3 Ms. Marim
 Science 6th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1

Element + Oxygen Element oxide.

Oxygen combines with elements

In two ways which are

Oxidation Burning (combustion)

It is a slow combination between It is a rapid combination
oxygen and element in the between oxygen and element
presence of moisture (( water )) and produces heat and light.

Example: Iron rusting. Example: Burning a piece of

cleansing wire.

Activity 4 >>>> to show how is the iron rust formed.

Step:
Wet some iron nails with water and leave them for several days in a
humid atmosphere.

Observation:
The iron nails lose their metallic luster.

Conclusion:
Iron rust when iron combines slowly with oxygen in the presence of moisture (water)
(( oxidation process )).

Problems of iron rusting:

Causes the erosion of ironware such as the bridges, pillars and causes
damages.
So, ironware must be isolated by paints to protect them from iron
rusting.

Activity 5 <<<< to show that the mass of materials increases

after combination with oxygen.

Explanation:

4 Ms. Marim
 Science 6th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1

1 – the cleansing wire gets burned, because the outer surface of the wire is large
enough to react with oxygen in the air so, combustion (burning) occurs quickly.

2 – iron combines quickly with oxygen forming iron oxide.

Iron + oxygen (( by burning give )) iron oxide.

3 – the mass of the formed iron oxide is heavier than the mass of iron only.

Conclusion:
The mass of materials increases after combination with oxygen.

The importance and uses of Oxygen:

1 – it is important for human and all living organisms for respiration and
food combustion processes.

2 – water which we drink is composed of oxygen combines with hydrogen.

3 – Ozone molecule is composed of three oxygen atoms which protects the

earth from harmful radiation that come from the sun.

4 – Oxygen gas gets compressed in iron cylinders that can be used in:
- mechanical ventilation for patients who suffer from breathing difficulties.
- During surgeries.
- During diving and climbing mountains.
- Oxygen combines with acetylene gas to produce flame used for cutting and welding metals as its
temperature rises to 3500 ºC.

Glossary
Gravity ‫الجاذبية‬ Radiation ‫االشعاع‬
Air pollution ‫تلوث الهواء‬ Composition ‫تركيب‬
Combustion ‫احتراق‬ Compensate ‫تعويض‬
Consume ‫يستهلك‬ Preparation ‫تحضير‬
Decomposition ‫تحلل‬ Catalyst ‫عامل مساعد‬
Funnel ‫قمع‬ Displacement ‫ازاحة‬
Litmus paper ‫ورقةعباد الشمس‬ Ability ‫قدره‬
Combine ‫اتحاد‬ Heavier ‫اثقل‬

5 Ms. Marim
 Science 6th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1

Oxidation ‫اكسده‬ Moisture ‫رطوبة‬

Luster ‫المع‬ Iron rust ‫صدأ الحديد‬
Moisture ‫رطوبة‬ Ironware ‫اجسام معدنيه‬
Erosion ‫تأكل‬ Scale ‫ميزان‬
Stove ‫فرن‬ Extinguish ‫ينطفىء‬
Vital ‫حيوي‬ Compress ‫مضغوط‬
Cylinder ‫اسطوانه‬ Surgeries ‫جراحات طبيه‬
Diving ‫غطس‬ welding ‫لحام‬

Questions on lesson:

Choose the correct answer:

1 – the percentage of oxygen gas in the atmosphere is …………………

a. 0.03 % b. 78% c. 21% d. 1%

2 – the most abundant gas in the atmosphere is ………….gas.

a. oxygen b. nitrogen c. carbon d. water vapor

3 – Ozone molecule is composed of …………. Oxygen atom.

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

4 – water consists of ……………….

a. oxygen and nitrogen. B. oxygen and hydrogen. [Link] oxygen atoms. [Link] and nitrogen

5 – the catalyst used in the preparation of oxygen in tab is ……………….

a. manganese oxide b. manganese dioxide. [Link] dioxide d. magnesium oxide.

6 – oxygen cylinders are used ……………….

a. during surgeries. [Link] diving c. in climbing the mountains. D. a , b and c

7 – the gas that doesn't burn but helps in burring is ……………………

a. nitrogen b. oxygen c. hydrogen d. carbon dioxide.

8 – oxygen is consumed during ………………….

a. burning b. respiration. C. photosynthesis d. a and b

9 – iron oxide is formed as a result of combination between …………………

a. iron and hydrogen b. iron and oxygen c. iron and nitrogen d. iron and carbon dioxide.

10 – Nitrogen gas forms …………… of the volume of atmosphere.

a. 21% b. 87% c. 78% d. 1%

11 - …………… are from the air pollutants.

a. dust particles b. smoke c. factories gases. d. a, b and c

12 –photosynthesis process requires the presence of …………………….

6 Ms. Marim
 Science 6th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1

a. carbon dioxide gas. [Link] and mineral salts. C. chloroplasts and

photovoltaic d. a , b and c

13 – oxygen gas is a …………….gas

a. colorless b. tasteless c. odorless d. a , b and c

14 – the temperature of the oxy-acetylene reaches ………………

a. 35 ºC b. 350ºC c. 3500 ºC d. 200 ºC

complete the following statements:

1 – the atmosphere consists of a mixture of …………….. surrounding the ………………

2 – the atmosphere is attracted to the earth by the effect of …………………

3 – Nitrogen represent …………% of the total percentage of atmosphere. While ………..represent 21% of
the volume of the atmosphere.

4 – the atmosphere protects the earth by absorbing …………. Radiation coming from outer space.

5 – in photosynthesis process, green plants take ………… gas from the air and ……….. from the soil and
converts them to nutrients and ……………gas.

6 – the main source of oxygen is ……………as it produces oxygen during ……….. process.

7 – the catalyst remains without any change in its …………and ………… during chemical reaction.

8 – oxygen gas is scarcely soluble in ……………..

9 – oxygen gas has a …………effect on red and blue litmus papers.

10 - ……………… doesn’t' burn, but helps in burning.

11 – the mass of materials …………….. after combination with oxygen.

12 – the temperature of oxy-acetylene flame rises to ………….. ºC that is sufficient to melt metals.

My wishes,

7 Ms. Marim