Scribd
Upload
8 views3 pages

Arabic Writing: Key Differences Explained

Uploaded by

Nour el houda Chiheb
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views3 pages

Arabic Writing: Key Differences Explained

Uploaded by

Nour el houda Chiheb
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

summary of translation

 1. Definition of translation: The process of transferring meaning from one


language (source language) to another (target language).
 2. Key Differences Between English and Arabic (at least 6 )
Script : writing style from right to left in Arabic while it is from left to right in English
or
"The Arabic script exhibits a directionality from right to left, contrasting markedly with the left-to-
right orientation characteristic of the English language."

Shape: The shapes of the English and Arabic alphabets are quite different.

 English: Uses a Latin alphabet with 26 letters, primarily composed of straight lines
and curves.
 Arabic: Uses an abjad script with 28 letters, characterized by flowing, connected
curves and dots placed above or below the letters to distinguish them.

Here's a simple visual comparison:

 English: A, B, C, D
 Arabic: ‫ ث‬،‫ ت‬،‫ ب‬،‫أ‬

Capitalization :

 English: Uses capitalization extensively:

 Sentence beginnings: Always capitalize the first word.


 Proper nouns: Capitalize names of people, places, organizations, titles, days of the
week, months, holidays, and nationalities.
 Pronouns "I" and "we": Always capitalized.

 Arabic: (No consistent capitalization)

origins of language
English: Belongs to the Indo-European language family, specifically the West Germanic branch.
Arabic: Belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Its origins lie in the
Arabian Peninsula
Consonnats and vowels :
 English vowel sounds can significantly alter word meaning.
 In Arabic, consonants often carry more weight in distinguishing word meanings.
Phrasal & verbal sentences :
Structure: Phrasal verbs are unique to English, while verbal sentences are a fundamental part of
Arabic grammar.
Gender:

 English:
 Grammatical Gender: Limited, mainly applies to pronouns (he/she/it) and some
nouns (e.g., actor/actress).
Exists for inanimate objects (it).

 Arabic:

 Gender Assignment: Often based on semantic categories (e.g., sun is feminine, moon
is masculine) rather than biological sex.
 Agreement: Gender agreement extends to adjectives, pronouns, and verbs.

Idioms:

 English: "To break a leg" (used to wish someone good luck, especially before a
performance)
 Arabic: There's no direct equivalent. A suitable translation might be "‫" "أتمنى لك التوفيق‬I wish
you success."
Conjugate :
 Mechanisms: English primarily relies on affixes and auxiliary verbs, while Arabic
emphasizes internal vowel changes and a more complex system of prefixes and suffixes.
 Tense system: English has a richer system of tenses, while Arabic focuses on past and
present tenses.
Auxiliary verbs

English

 Extensive use: English relies heavily on auxiliary verbs (be, have, do, will, shall, can,
could, may, might, must, ought to, etc.) to form various tenses, aspects, voices, and
moods.
o Example: "I am eating." (Present continuous)
o Example: "He has gone." (Present perfect)
o Example: "She will go." (Future simple)

Arabic

 Limited use: Arabic verbs primarily express tense and aspect through internal
modifications (changes in vowel patterns within the verb root) rather than auxiliary
verbs.

Challenges
1. Cultural defferences
2. Idioms and expressions
3. Grammar and syntax defferences
4. Tone and style
5. Technical and specialized terminology
6. Emotional and cultural
7. Loss of meaning
8. Machine translation limitation
9.
Some legal terms
 Law: ‫قانون‬
 Justice: ‫عدالة‬
 Court: ‫محكمة‬
 Judge: ‫قاضي‬
 Lawyer: ‫محامي‬
 Plaintiff: ‫مدعي‬
 Defendant: ‫مدعى عليه‬
 Witness: ‫شاهد‬
 Evidence: ‫دليل‬
 Contract: ‫عقد‬
 Crime: ‫جريمة‬
 Punishment: ‫عقوبة‬
 Rights: ‫حقوق‬
 Freedom: ‫حرية‬
 Equality: ‫مساواة‬

 Civil Law: ‫قانون مدني‬


 Criminal Law: ‫قانون جزائي‬
 Constitutional Law: ‫القانون الدستوري‬
 International Law: ‫القانون الدولي‬
 Court of Appeal: ‫محكمة االستئناف‬
 Supreme Court: ‫المحكمة العليا‬
 Will: ‫وصية‬
 Lease Agreement: ‫عقد إيجار‬
 Legal Proceedings: ‫إجراءات قانونية‬

Court-Specific Terms:

 Lawsuit: ‫دعوى قضائية‬


 Court Order: ‫أمر قضائي‬
 Judgment: ‫حكم قضائي‬
 Witnesses: ‫شهود‬
 Expert: ‫خبير‬
 Interrogation: ‫استجواب‬
 Defense: ‫دفاع‬
 Prosecution: ‫ادعاء‬

Terms Related to Crimes and Punishments:

 Murder: ‫جريمة قتل‬


 Theft: ‫سرقة‬
 Fraud: ‫احتيال‬
 Defamation: ‫تشهير‬
 Imprisonment: ‫حبس‬
 Fine: ‫غرامة‬
 Execution: ‫( اإلعدام‬Al-Iʿdām)

You might also like