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Anatomy and Malfunctions of the Eye

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7 views2 pages

Anatomy and Malfunctions of the Eye

Uploaded by

isatzainab
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

‭Structure‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Eye‬

‭Cornea‬
‭●‬ T ‭ he‬‭c ornea‬‭is‬‭the‬‭transparent‬‭front‬‭s urface‬‭of‬‭the‬‭eye,‬‭which‬‭acts‬‭like‬‭a‬‭window,‬
‭allowing‬‭light‬‭to‬‭enter.‬
‭●‬ ‭It‬‭performs‬‭the‬‭initial‬‭bending‬‭of‬‭light‬‭(refraction)‬‭into‬‭the‬‭eye.‬

‭Sclera‬
‭‬ T
● ‭ he‬‭s clera‬‭forms‬‭the‬‭s turdy‬‭white‬‭outer‬‭c overing‬‭of‬‭the‬‭eyeball.‬
‭●‬ ‭Responsible‬‭for‬‭protecting‬‭the‬‭eye‬‭from‬‭injury‬‭and‬‭providing‬‭attachment‬‭points‬‭for‬‭the‬
‭extrinsic‬‭m uscles‬‭that‬‭m ove‬‭the‬‭eye.‬

‭Conjunctiva‬
‭●‬ T ‭ he‬‭c onjunctiva‬‭is‬‭a‬‭thin‬‭layer‬‭c overing‬‭the‬‭front‬‭of‬‭the‬‭eye‬‭and‬‭inner‬‭s urfaces‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭eyelid.‬
‭●‬ ‭It‬‭helps‬‭to‬‭lubricate‬‭the‬‭eye‬‭by‬‭producing‬‭m ucus‬‭and‬‭tears,‬‭and‬‭prevents‬‭m icrobes‬
‭and‬‭dust‬‭from‬‭entering‬‭the‬‭eye.‬

‭Iris‬
‭●‬ T ‭ he‬‭iris‬‭is‬‭the‬‭c oloured‬‭part‬‭of‬‭the‬‭eye‬‭s ituated‬‭behind‬‭the‬‭c ornea.‬‭It‬‭c ontains‬
‭m uscles‬‭that‬‭c ontrol‬‭the‬‭s ize‬‭of‬‭the‬‭pupil.‬
‭●‬ ‭Adjusts‬‭the‬‭s ize‬‭of‬‭the‬‭pupil‬‭to‬‭c ontrol‬‭the‬‭amount‬‭of‬‭light‬‭that‬‭c an‬‭enter‬‭the‬‭eye.‬

‭Pupil‬
‭‬ T
● ‭ he‬‭pupil‬‭is‬‭the‬‭dark‬‭opening‬‭in‬‭the‬‭m iddle‬‭of‬‭the‬‭iris.‬
‭●‬ ‭Allows‬‭light‬‭to‬‭proceed‬‭from‬‭the‬‭c ornea‬‭to‬‭the‬‭lens.‬

‭Lens‬
‭‬ T
● ‭ he‬‭lens‬‭is‬‭a‬‭c urved,‬‭c lear‬‭part‬‭s ituated‬‭behind‬‭the‬‭iris‬‭and‬‭pupil.‬
‭●‬ ‭Changes‬‭its‬‭s hape‬‭for‬‭precise‬‭focusing‬‭of‬‭light‬‭onto‬‭the‬‭retina.‬

‭Retina‬
‭‬ T
● ‭ he‬‭retina‬‭is‬‭a‬‭thin‬‭light-sensitive‬‭tissue‬‭lining‬‭the‬‭inside‬‭back‬‭wall‬‭of‬‭the‬‭eye.‬
‭●‬ ‭Consists‬‭of‬‭photoreceptor‬‭c ells‬‭(rods‬‭and‬‭c ones)‬‭that‬‭c onvert‬‭light‬‭into‬‭electrical‬
‭s ignals.‬

‭Optic‬‭Nerve‬
‭●‬ T ‭ he‬‭optic‬‭nerve‬‭transmits‬‭v isual‬‭information‬‭in‬‭the‬‭form‬‭of‬‭electrical‬‭s ignals‬‭from‬‭the‬
‭retina‬‭to‬‭the‬‭brain.‬
‭●‬ ‭Loss‬‭or‬‭damage‬‭to‬‭the‬‭optic‬‭nerve‬‭c an‬‭lead‬‭to‬‭v ision‬‭loss.‬
‭Malfunctions‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Eye‬
‭●‬ M ‭ yopia,‬‭also‬‭k nown‬‭as‬‭s hort-sightedness,‬‭is‬‭a‬‭c ommon‬‭v ision‬‭c ondition‬‭where‬‭c lose‬
‭objects‬‭c an‬‭be‬‭s een‬‭c learly,‬‭but‬‭distant‬‭ones‬‭appear‬‭blurred.‬‭This‬‭is‬‭due‬‭to‬‭the‬‭eye‬
‭ball‬‭being‬‭too‬‭long‬‭or‬‭the‬‭c ornea‬‭c urving‬‭excessively,‬‭c ausing‬‭light‬‭to‬‭focus‬‭in‬‭front‬‭of‬
‭the‬‭retina,‬‭rather‬‭than‬‭directly‬‭on‬‭it.‬
‭●‬ ‭Hyperopia,‬‭or‬‭long-sightedness,‬‭is‬‭where‬‭distant‬‭objects‬‭c an‬‭be‬‭s een‬‭c learly,‬‭but‬
‭c lose‬‭ones‬‭are‬‭blurred.‬‭This‬‭usually‬‭occurs‬‭when‬‭the‬‭eye‬‭is‬‭too‬‭s hort‬‭or‬‭the‬‭lens‬
‭does‬‭not‬‭c urve‬‭enough,‬‭c ausing‬‭light‬‭to‬‭focus‬‭behind‬‭the‬‭retina.‬
‭●‬ ‭Astigmatism‬‭is‬‭c aused‬‭by‬‭an‬‭irregularly‬‭s haped‬‭c ornea‬‭or‬‭lens,‬‭c ausing‬‭light‬‭to‬‭focus‬
‭at‬‭m ultiple‬‭points,‬‭leading‬‭to‬‭blurry‬‭or‬‭distorted‬‭v ision‬‭at‬‭all‬‭distances.‬
‭●‬ ‭Cataract‬‭is‬‭the‬‭c louding‬‭of‬‭the‬‭eye’s‬‭lens,‬‭which‬‭interrupts‬‭the‬‭passage‬‭of‬‭light.‬‭It‬
‭c auses‬‭blurry‬‭v ision‬‭and‬‭c an‬‭lead‬‭to‬‭blindness‬‭if‬‭untreated.‬
‭●‬ ‭G laucoma‬‭is‬‭a‬‭s erious‬‭eye‬‭c ondition‬‭involving‬‭damage‬‭to‬‭the‬‭optic‬‭nerve‬‭often‬
‭c aused‬‭by‬‭high‬‭intraocular‬‭pressure.‬‭It‬‭c an‬‭lead‬‭to‬‭v ision‬‭loss‬‭or‬‭blindness.‬
‭●‬ ‭M acular‬‭degeneration‬‭affects‬‭the‬‭part‬‭of‬‭the‬‭retina‬‭k nown‬‭as‬‭the‬‭m acula,‬‭c ausing‬
‭ring-like‬‭distortions‬‭in‬‭the‬‭c entral‬‭v ision‬‭field.‬‭It’s‬‭usually‬‭age-related‬‭and‬‭c an‬‭lead‬‭to‬
‭loss‬‭of‬‭c entral‬‭v ision.‬

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