1. Who is known as the "Father of 7.

Which type of microscope uses electron

Microbiology"? beams instead of visible light?
A. Hans Janssen A. Darkfield microscope
B. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek B. Brightfield microscope
C. Galileo Galilei C. Electron microscope
D. Zacharias Janssen D. Phase-contrast microscope

2. Which part of the microscope is used to 8. What color result indicates the presence
adjust the light intensity? of a high concentration of reducing sugars
A. Eyepiece in Benedict’s test?
B. Objective lens A. Blue
C. Iris diaphragm B. Green
D. Stage clips C. Orange-red
D. Brick red
3. In a brightfield microscope, how is the
image of the specimen formed? 9. Which of the following is the smallest
A. Light passes through the specimen structural unit of living organisms?
B. Only scattered light enters the lens A. Tissue
C. The specimen emits fluorescent light B. Organ
D. Electron beams scan the specimen C. Cell
D. Organ system
4. What is the primary function of
carbohydrates in a cell? 10. In an experiment, what is the term for
A. Provide structural support the variable that is observed or measured?
B. Serve as a primary energy source A. Independent variable
C. Act as thermal insulation B. Dependent variable
D. Carry genetic information C. Controlled variable
D. Experimental variable
5. Which part of the microscope holds the
specimen in place? 11. Which of the following best describes
A. Nosepiece prokaryotic cells?
B. Stage clips A. They contain a nucleus
C. Eyepiece B. They have membrane-bound organelles
D. Condenser C. Their DNA is circular and found in the
nucleoid
6. Which of the following is a characteristic D. They include animals and plants
unique to plant cells?
A. Mitochondria 12. What color change in a Biuret test
B. Nucleus indicates the presence of protein?
C. Chloroplasts A. Blue
D. Ribosomes B. Green
C. Purple
D. Yellow
13. The condenser in a microscope is 19. What type of macromolecule primarily
responsible for: serves as a catalyst for chemical reactions
A. Magnifying the specimen in the cell?
B. Adjusting light intensity A. Carbohydrates
C. Focusing light on the specimen B. Lipids
D. Holding objective lenses C. Proteins
D. Nucleic acids
14. What is the main purpose of the arm on
a microscope? 20. The process of meiosis results in the
A. To secure the specimen formation of:
B. To connect the eyepiece and objective A. Haploid cells
lenses B. Diploid cells
C. To adjust focus C. Somatic cells
D. To provide support and structure D. Epithelial cells

15. In meiosis, what is produced as a 21. In a fluorescence microscope, what

result? allows for the visualization of specific
A. Two identical daughter cells structures?
B. Gametes with half the genetic material A. Light passing through the specimen
C. Multicellular organisms B. Scattered light detection
D. Mitosis C. Electron beams
D. Fluorescent molecules emitting light
16. Which of the following is a characteristic
of sex cells? 22. Which type of microscope would best be
A. They are diploid used to study the surface details of a
B. They undergo mitosis material like metal?
C. They contain one set of chromosomes A. Phase-contrast microscope
D. They make up body tissues B. Darkfield microscope
C. Scanning electron microscope
17. Which step of the scientific method D. Brightfield microscope
involves drawing conclusions?
A. Hypothesis 23. Which structure in the cell contains the
B. Analysis genetic information?
C. Experimentation A. Ribosome
D. Conclusion B. Mitochondria
C. Nucleus
18. Who improved the design of simple D. Cell membrane
microscopes, achieving magnifications of up
to 300x? 24. Which microscope part is responsible
A. Galileo Galilei for magnification alongside the eyepiece?
B. Zacharias Janssen A. Arm
C. Hans Janssen B. Objective lenses
D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek C. Condenser
D. Stage
25. In what type of microscope would a 31. What does a positive Benedict’s test
living cell appear brightly colored against a indicate?
dark background due to fluorescent A. Presence of lipids
molecules? B. Presence of reducing sugars
A. Darkfield microscope C. Presence of proteins
B. Fluorescence microscope D. Absence of reducing sugars
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Transmission electron microscope 32. What type of cells are produced through
mitosis?
26. The ability of the iris diaphragm in a A. Gametes
microscope is to: B. Haploid cells
A. Adjust the amount of light C. Somatic cells
B. Hold the lenses D. Unicellular organisms
C. Rotate the objectives
D. Focus the light 33. What shape are most plant cells?
A. Round
27. Which part of the cell is responsible for B. Rectangular
producing ATP? C. Irregular
A. Chloroplast D. Triangular
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria 34. Which of the following molecules serves
D. Nucleus as the secondary energy source and
thermal insulator in the cell?
28. In the scientific method, which step A. Carbohydrates
involves testing the hypothesis through a B. Lipids
controlled experiment? C. Proteins
A. Question D. Nucleic acids
B. Experimentation
C. Analysis 35. What structural characteristic is specific
D. Observation to eukaryotic cells?
A. Presence of a cell wall
29. Which is NOT a type of electron B. Lack of a nucleus
microscope? C. Presence of membrane-bound
A. Transmission electron microscope organelles
B. Scanning electron microscope D. Circular DNA
C. Darkfield microscope
D. None of the above 36. Which part of the microscope should be
used first when adjusting focus on a new
30. Which type of cell typically lacks a cell specimen?
wall? A. Fine adjustment knob
A. Plant cell B. Coarse adjustment knob
B. Bacterial cell C. Condenser
C. Fungal cell D. Light source
D. Animal cell
37. What is the color indication for a
negative Biuret test?
A. Blue
B. Green
C. Yellow
D. Purple

38. What is the basic unit of life?

A. Atom
B. Molecule
C. Cell
D. Organ

39. Which microscope part allows you to

switch between different objective lenses?
A. Eyepiece
B. Stage
C. Nosepiece
D. Arm

40. Which of the following tests is used to

detect the presence of peptide bonds,
indicating protein presence in a sample?
A. Benedict’s test
B. Biuret test
C. Iodine test
D. Sudan III test
Identification (40 Items) 18. The smallest structural unit of an
organism capable of independent
1. The variable in an experiment that is function.
manipulated or changed by the 19. A microscope part that holds
researcher. multiple objective lenses and allows
2. The scientific study of animals. switching between them.
3. Type of microscope that uses 20. Term for the two sets of
electron beams to study surface chromosomes found in somatic
features of a specimen. cells.
4. Scientist known for pioneering 21. Test that produces a purple color
simple microscopes with up to 300x when protein is present.
magnification. 22. The method of division by which sex
5. The part of the microscope where cells (gametes) are produced.
the specimen is placed for 23. The part of a microscope
observation. responsible for providing stability at
6. Color observed in Benedict’s test its base.
when high levels of reducing sugars 24. The type of microscope most
are present. commonly used to view stained
7. Type of cell division that results in specimens.
two identical daughter cells. 25. Term for the light source in older
8. The primary source of energy for the microscopes that reflects external
cell, made up of monosaccharides. light onto the specimen.
9. Cell type that lacks a true nucleus 26. Color result for a negative Biuret
and membrane-bound organelles. test.
10. Organism group that contains 27. The cellular organelle responsible
membrane-bound organelles and a for generating ATP.
defined nucleus. 28. An organism’s body cells, excluding
11. Scientist credited with creating the reproductive cells.
first compound microscope. 29. Stage of the scientific method in
12. The structural unit of life. which scientists ask questions to
13. Chemical test used to detect the guide their investigation.
presence of protein by identifying 30. The shape of plant cells due to the
peptide bonds. presence of a rigid cell wall.
14. Substance that fluoresces under a 31. Substance detected by Benedict’s
fluorescence microscope, allowing test when it produces an orange-red
visualization of cell structures. precipitate.
15. The process used by scientists to 32. Mechanism on a microscope used to
share their research findings with fine-tune the focus on a specimen.
others. 33. The outermost structure in a plant
16. This step in the scientific method cell that provides support and
involves looking closely at data to protection.
interpret results. 34. The variable in an experiment that is
17. Lens system in a microscope that observed or measured as a
focuses light on the specimen. response.
35. Step of the scientific method in
which a hypothesis is tested.
36. A type of microscope that allows
viewing of unstained, transparent
specimens against a dark
background.
37. The part of the microscope that is
adjusted to change the amount of
light passing through the specimen.
38. Scientists communicate their
findings through this form of
publication or presentation.
39. A microscope that produces images
by scanning a specimen's surface
with electron beams.
40. Microscopic cell organelles
responsible for photosynthesis in
plant cells.
Matching Type (20 items) Column B:

Match each term in Column A with its ● A. Lens you look through to view a
correct description or function in Column B. magnified specimen
● B. Large central vacuole and
Column A: chloroplasts present
● C. Molecules that serve as catalysts
1. Observation for chemical reactions
2. Hypothesis ● D. Contains one set of chromosomes
3. Experimentation and is involved in reproduction
4. Analysis ● E. Provides a focused beam of
5. Communicate electrons to study surfaces and
6. Eyepiece internal structures
● F. Control the amount of light passing
7. Objective lenses
through the specimen
8. Stage
● G. Stage in scientific method where
9. Condenser
data is closely interpreted
10. Iris diaphragm
● H. Platform that holds the specimen
11. Coarse adjustment knob
on the microscope
12. Electron microscope ● I. The primary energy source for the
13. Animal cell cell
14. Plant cell ● J. Mechanism on a microscope used
15. Carbohydrates to bring the specimen into general
16. Lipids focus
17. Proteins ● K. Contains genetic information for the
18. Nucleic acids cell
19. Somatic cells ● L. Scientific question or possible
20. Sex cells explanation based on observations
● M. Testing phase in the scientific
method, involving data collection
● N. Consists of the body's cells,
excluding reproductive cells
● O. Known as the basic structural unit
in animals, lacking chloroplasts
● P. Step in the scientific method where
findings are shared
● Q. Primary function is thermal
insulation and energy storage
● R. Lenses that provide varying
magnifications, typically from 4x to
100x
● S. Controls the light focusing on the
specimen
● T. Initial stage in the scientific method,
involving fact-based insights
ESSAY TYPE

1. Explain the significance of the

scientific method in zoological
research and discuss how each step
(from observation to communication)
plays a role in advancing our
understanding of animal biology.
Provide an example of how a zoologist
might use the scientific method to
investigate animal behavior.
2. Compare and contrast the structure
and functions of plant and animal
cells, highlighting the unique
organelles and processes in each cell
type. Why are these differences
crucial for the survival and adaptation
of plants and animals in their
respective environments?
3. Discuss the importance of different
types of microscopes (brightfield,
darkfield, phase-contrast,
fluorescence, and electron
microscopes) in biological research.
How does each type contribute
uniquely to our understanding of
cellular structures and functions?
Provide specific examples of studies
or observations suited to each
microscope type.
4. Describe the process of mitosis and
meiosis, emphasizing their roles in
growth, repair, and reproduction. How
do these processes differ in terms of
genetic diversity, and why is this
diversity significant for the survival of
species?
5. Explain how the structure of
macromolecules (carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)
relates to their functions within the
cell. Why is it critical for cells to have
access to these specific types of
molecules, and how do deficiencies or
imbalances affect cellular health and
function?
1. A researcher observes a this finding relate to theories of
phenomenon in a natural setting fight-or-flight responses in
without intervening. Which research psychology?
method is the researcher most likely 8. While making a wet mount of pond
using, and why would this be water, a student accidentally
beneficial for studying animal introduces air bubbles under the
behavior? coverslip. How might these bubbles
2. You are asked to apply the scientific affect the observation of the
method to study the effects of a new specimen, and what steps can
drug on cell growth. Explain how you prevent this?
would use a control and treatment 9. A researcher wants to understand if
group in this experiment. people with higher scores on
3. A psychology student wants to memory tests perform better in
design a study that includes both real-life tasks. Describe an
structured and unstructured experimental design that would test
interviews. In what type of research this hypothesis, ensuring variables
might this combination be most are well-controlled.
useful, and how could the results 10. To ensure that a sample accurately
benefit from both methods? represents a population, a
4. A scientist is conducting a biuret test researcher uses stratified random
on several food items to detect sampling. Explain how this method
proteins. After adding potassium would improve the validity of the
hydroxide and copper sulfate study compared to convenience
solutions, some test tubes turn sampling.
purple. Explain the significance of 11. After performing a survey,
this color change. researchers notice many
5. During a class experiment, students respondents chose answers that
move the microscope stage to the suggest agreement regardless of the
right, but the specimen appears to question. What response bias might
move left. Why does this inversion this indicate, and how could
occur, and how should students researchers mitigate it?
adjust to properly track a moving 12. While viewing a prepared slide of
specimen? mitosis, you identify stages where
6. In observing animal cells under a chromosomes are aligned in the
microscope, a student uses cell's center. Explain which phase of
methylene blue stain to view cell mitosis this likely represents and
structures. Explain how staining why.
helps in cellular visualization and 13. A researcher notes that animal cells
what specific structures may have a defined nucleus, unlike
become more visible. prokaryotic cells. Explain the
7. An experiment finds that people advantage of a nucleus for
exposed to a particular stimulus eukaryotic organisms like animals.
react with increased heart rate and 14. A psychologist observes that
adrenaline production. How could children who read more books tend
 to have better vocabulary skills. appears upside down. Explain the
Which research method could test reason for this phenomenon.
whether this relationship is causal, 22. While using a compound
and why? microscope, a student increases
15. A researcher finds that participants magnification but loses the
react positively to stimuli they specimen from view. Describe the
associate with rewards. Which steps they should take to refocus.
psychological theory could explain 23. A researcher studying a specific
this tendency, and how might this animal behavior plans to use a field
affect future behavior? study method. Explain why this
16. During a study on learning, method may provide more valid
participants perform better on tasks results than a laboratory experiment
when feedback is given immediately. for this purpose.
Explain why immediate feedback 24. When observing human blood cells,
may enhance learning based on you see platelets that lack nuclei.
cognitive theories. Explain how this structural difference
17. A researcher compares red and affects their role in the body
white blood cells under a compared to other cells.
microscope, noting differences in 25. A new drug is hypothesized to
structure. Explain the functional reduce anxiety. How would you
significance of these differences for design a double-blind study to test
each cell type. its effectiveness?
18. A research study on sleep 26. During a study, participants know
deprivation includes an experimental they are being observed, which
group that stays awake and a control alters their behavior. Identify this
group that sleeps. Describe how the effect and explain how researchers
independent and dependent might reduce it.
variables would be defined in this 27. When creating a survey, you decide
study. to use closed questions. Explain
19. In an experiment, participants are how this choice affects data
informed they may experience mild collection and analysis.
discomfort. This notice is part of 28. In a cell division lab, a student
obtaining informed consent. Explain observes cells undergoing
why informed consent is crucial in cytokinesis. Explain what happens
ethical research. during this process and how it differs
20. A student hypothesizes that students between animal and plant cells.
who study in quiet rooms perform 29. In creating a hypothesis for a study,
better than those studying with a researcher chooses a null
background noise. Design an hypothesis. Explain the purpose of a
experiment to test this, specifying null hypothesis in statistical testing.
the control and experimental groups. 30. A psychology study finds that
21. During a microscopy lab, a student participants’ stress levels decrease
observes that the “e” on a slide after practicing meditation. Describe
an experimental design that would
 isolate meditation as the causal 39. After completing a survey,
factor. researchers realize many questions
31. Students observe that cheek cells could be interpreted in multiple
lack cell walls under the microscope. ways. Explain how this could affect
Explain why animal cells lack cell the reliability of the survey results.
walls and how this affects their 40. During a laboratory test, you notice
function. that animal gametes contain half the
32. You’re tasked with examining the number of chromosomes as somatic
effect of varying glucose levels on cells. Explain the importance of this
cell respiration in yeast. How would difference in the context of
you design a study with a clear reproduction.
independent and dependent
variable?
33. During a test for glucose, a student
uses Benedict's solution and
observes a color change. Explain
what this indicates about the
presence of glucose.
34. A researcher uses unobtrusive
measures to study people’s behavior
in public spaces. Explain the benefit
of this approach compared to direct
observation.
35. In a focus group about social media
habits, participants discuss how it
affects their mood. Explain how
qualitative data from this session
might be analyzed differently than
survey data.
36. A study on learning uses random
assignment to assign participants to
groups. Explain how random
assignment contributes to the
study’s internal validity.
37. In a psychology experiment,
participants who feel uncertain often
choose answer “C” by default.
Identify this response style and
suggest a way to minimize its effect.
38. A scientist prepares a slide with
methylene blue and observes cell
nuclei more clearly. Explain why
certain dyes improve visualization of
specific cell structures.