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Atom Chapter Notes

Notes CBSE NCERT Physics Class 12-Atoms

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69 views21 pages

Atom Chapter Notes

Notes CBSE NCERT Physics Class 12-Atoms

Uploaded by

ekuaru10
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Choptes 12. Atoms @® Je, Thornton Hebe of aon (Hone Poilg Ml) my Ace to ted dl whole Gt ave & of ov , doy torn is uniformly distributed frosoughout i14 yolome . =P Smce oto ob whate ts redral So mogetivds oborged elclroms oh © erected” im ite URE Areds in" water mebow. Lintetioss 64 Ba Thomion Livetetows © foiled t. rabbin te adobit @D dint artion omytlirg obo ty oto c wool foto pee wockgud © i Rothenrd Medel sf otowr tu ites, Retterfrad , preboted comical experimen’ af Scattering 4 a- particles to Atody tome Strvcunt Giege Morsden Scoble Experinent da tus exposed, : a 55 Mev ey Spe peo of ot prices mei Bosca ag : i B \J vieaial ee ‘ emitted from Rtoiss | —— | on fl SBM <= te ai ifn 0S SO ro as gf z-pstids Getd fact icon moda to pos 7 ernie ton / Hick Detedos Hnowgh Lead Brick A vices CoG motor + A Hine beam af ae partly i4 then oblowed te oul . 7 Gotd tid ot Geotlvad a- pordtide were cbauaed | Yoong oo patodoble datecors mivwo scope ond enor ans gusen, a- Pores prsdoce SuintiUations ) Bg toed a Acotlued va orghe. @O Ht seoliaring is dhown 5 . qc op aenvatiory i ee © west of a- pouticles posed pndsdteded ® ony o-ty. Ponticles gt seottuad by. angle 2 seattoseg cegle (0) mohe thon V. + re ® only L im Beoo Portiches wean defladed by ony greats thon Qe” foxtsinto a =: posi Trogedon : , Pa RZECTH . 4 ae =F ot fo “Taapt Nudes - OR . Oo: owgle a sone to = Distance ff Ussat —_— approach - O since vost st toc Tenpad Parrmneler. a- parti puwed : vondefed So Most s| te _Apace__in aterm ais ambty: D Since wy fas ae poricks wane defected ey eo so whet af Ne ave done ond mest onnaxs 6{_trtom is concentrated ot ot code of atom cobled mudtus. i) _ Toten, on oO whe ig vadral to etdrry OR paveling qhound the mvs in its 4) P&onet mere owund son. orbite gust os @ rowing the Watence of chest ofbrooch , © Rutterfond found the Aine of mules f the onder 4 Jo! m - Distance of closet oppivoda Bt GA the ahontst bid bance frome the contre of ci aves, Where a ie pordicle q @* ; — sath ahi - boli re ; bach N eps a posdicle res = Saosin directly to . ° Hee carte gf meds bobs and pabrneer its Poth. At distonce of clsut oprah, KE of a Partite gd converted into” Ptedioh avryyy. c Prtediol 5 ont of f = a Qos KF one, — oo K 1 eyes) 2 be Gi Nees 4 a- posicle iA oceetursted by Poterdtal V, Yan KE, Ke qv potet with be the affed om distonce af ebsut opbroads i¢ Kindic mergy af ae pordide id doubled. sAv cued KE SK he Geolzd —@ oF ants bos 2K ) : a - + QYG) _ —-@ frm’ D & © am ae hl 2 Mf, Ao Sy 9etb dodved- Tmfod Poramncter () WY SL is the perpendicular Malone ae pantie velocity vedor f e a Pastida from Pees © codne of rudd (before the Ipod ) Cdactronic orb: ts oa Fattanford model iwiela efector aevelyivg ground a epucheds cudip del force on e&dyon 2 F = es 1 eee 3 ee ies Ae pee UL ae Mtoe A ee pareve eden fee WE yas De 2 [ae 2, | and Ptedtial Eurgy Peo ace) ' MTE he Pee -i 2 ae, “A LU = : ii ent ae fool emvgy = Ker PES gre. ie Nile fos He ite ofoas a2) Kee 1 2, Per. od ee BNE A me mites 16 ee) ol 4 . ws ane A ! Nolo r s- we see po tad ewryy ,E 2 KE Limitations of potterford Vrnodel af atoms ee DO fee bw chick Hooy, if > dogs posi cle id orceeteroted » it aodiode 5 Energy Tas Eos st petdving aden should Reap on deorooring ond MS it shouts fall ieacde, = mv Kgus 5 © Rutter ford aod). connst Tn a : Beln edd A Apri 4 @ fe fo Ws wwodal, Eker reve onoere Lo nvdavs in fined orbits in whedh it done sodroda RQ . . . @ toe com pavdye only fa thence nbs fon which argudon momestum is ivttegrol enultiple of “gy tee ma 2 mbf ! ® om ekdion gomb fom ore fad to other , than it paciele erry equal to Enorty Uf rence detween ie Me B-Evs hy Cubremion for sodius f ekeclwonic osbit soa Vee > amv = pe MNES A 2 2 = a pre 2 a | ena ane, A 2 S 2 nh & (0-53) A TAL . ' i fon We debe abe aa : ho 0°53 nm A aveling iw dat orbit , n=) ' AV Netes- fon rtadrm PB : Ay 2 0°83 A cold Bohr Roclivr: Expruccion for Eoogy {| Edad Sina, tel emergy of ehaclion 14 7 ebay : BIE A Tun tA : tte : _ ee eve Sign gow 2 a ee election %4 bows fo wwees SY ee attractive forces Energy fe drom Ec - 3-6 ov * ci Gay f chm ts noe Eco met edodaon id wrat boned « ad th dove 4 apron aw on, = —_ a fs mel , b= aybeN 5 readnnea “NK (Grovnd stot = thedson i Lon mime ore ™ trond fon med , BF -3.4 eV ee ee — ee, 2 0-85 eV 01850 = este m3 HB nen aide! eet Shectast suies » frxguencits of Uglh oe ted by o postions efemert enbbit sore pajulon pattern etement i's eoch bet of tins emitted by oe colded — shectrol sever pudn AD arctied by Hydoger orton The, fat in the esrb Aaplor wos obtained by dohob Balmer jn 1805) Thus dened US cobled Balmer Series > fe ths, die with fogut weveloyth A= 563A im ned Gs colled Ha tire (4x Dowrition n23 b mer) in eee devel dingtamr a quad kine (4 Lr 2) dos a 2 4g6) A im ble green fs colled Hy dive > hind Aime (for neh tener) acuaud in vistet ys cabled Hy “4% Note at 4 deen tot ao wooveterg gacnolts, Ha Hy Hy Sins come cloter ae See ot | ele Rites fon Youtslion Pum mse te ne2, @® — astodst wovleugth in Balan aie is sored Belmen obteind 0, sinple ampiveol foawrula sf wovetery He . 4 ter, (4- *) a a Fe tom - Rysbey coustat {ior tsto') Abov® _egvation 5 eolnc — Balned donmvto . Line abedm of fpbagen obo on Bese of Bes monty Since mee eee Theory , Sf an ae ive or tromntion rom Aagler every devel te owes Ly poe , teen ot podiote ewgy eel te eos Lifer between two doves. So _——— E E- = 4c iO 5 | ~~ . watt Veh YG -=t,.)- (ee) a sengk \- \v 3 ee Bl \ 3 bed a Bey BC Life + a a =) AL ; ; a . cel the dine sheiden @O Lymer Sosas for electronic trontiten frm omy digher avagy devil to Cueveel abode (we!) coprespovdls ie lywsr Seed ! 4 —cR[L-1 Suse A (s =) neu, n- a gt Aa oty uv Fayre @ Bolerrr AY, , fromm trot fam ony, digs wey} dev. te ne? wo pa: ae mess = im ey x) ; nan : ppectan : . om ‘ oe Hac # (65634 a) ie mew MEE tH, -P8 (uae A) for meh Heh Hy - Bet cust) A) ® Porsche Awd fon rowition fren oy ob Gal ote eS a5 "(3 me = 5,6 a ree Bega) mm ™N ) tin oe sped) @ Banckdlt suis te R (4- fon " ” tw IR to mn ‘Cpecddaum | m4 5,49 - s ) @ Pod : Plow Sates fos tomar tion fom eager w erudy dtede fo vy 25 ee! 4 bo) ween - tn dia tn rR Apedavm @ Netter or wavelength abontest » Ny = ® oud ft od 4 dighast fraquenry e- Brogue's Exbiowotion st Bess 24 Podtubet 2 ae wk izote o_gonrttnetion (omin= “Pn ) Pec te red postubete of Baha Theory, eequles cmomanton of atecbion osbittvg oroord envdas Quortized. Nee. fo De-Bagte , from formation of Stonsicg wove Any, Cinconnfrenee ama =A ANA c nh omy a nh > mvrA> —— 2n Proner ung ates aprevtow 18 quant seo - ‘Sheet Atoms 4. Using the postulates of Bohr's model of H-atom,& obtain an expression for the frequency of radiation emitted when the atom makes a transition from the higher energy state with quantum number n; to the lower energy state with quantum number n,(nj the intensity of incident radiation in a Phote ceil Is increased, how does the + Stopping poteniial vary? When an electron rails energy 4 from a. higher energy level, the aiifference in the energies appears in the form of clectromagnetic radiation.. why cannot it be emitted as other forms of energy? Name the series of the hydrogen spectrum which lles In the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. (D to a lower of wavelengths 620 nm? SUpport your answer with mathematical calculations. ® TeV Oev:; Sev -10eV 41 The work function of caesium metal Is 2.14eV. When light of frequency 6 x 10™Hz 's Incident on the ‘metal surface, photoemission of electrons occurs. What Is the @._ maximum kinetic: energy of the emitted electrons, stopping, potential, and Maximum speed of the emitted phato- electrons? D 12. Prove. that the radius of the nth Bohr orbit of atom is directly proportional to n?, where mis the principal quanturn number.@) b. c y mmarbs 25. Page tof 2 Hin photoglecinc + Does the ‘stopping potential” In phot 4. emission depend upon : o the Intensity of the incident rediatior In @ photocell? I. the frequency of the Incident radiation? D erfords Mantioning assumptions made by Ruth ‘ . deduce distance of closest approac! determine the (Radius oF size of a nucieus) A monochromatic source of light operating at 200 Me emits 4*10™ photons per second. Find the wavelengtl of the light, @ 2. Wiite down the expression for the radii of } orbits of a hydrogen atom. Calculate the ~* radius of the smaitest orbit b. Use Bohr's postulate to prove that the circumference of the nth permitted orbit for the electron can ‘contain’ exactly n wavelengths the de-Broglie wavelength associated with the electron in that orbit. @ The energy levels of an atom of element are shown In the diagram. Which of the level of transitions will result in the emission of photon , of Poge 2 af 2 13.8. Calculate the photon energy in electron volt for radiation of wavelength 1m, ». The given graphs show the varlation of the stopping V, with the frequency o>) of the incident radiations for two cifferent photosensitive materials a, and M, I What are the values of work functions for My and M,? 4 The values of tho stopping Potential for M, and Mz for a frequency Y5(>%:) of the Incident radiations are Vy and V, respectively. Show that the MN, slope of the lines equals fee Prepuency ae fp Ss a : = On). ~ - agg 2 é or 4 ee _thed tadeen Co = evofyer mew yourtnen teed e——o, t = ee S oo ae 7 . a intag sel So reat 4k . IVA. E. nb shortest: woveloratt. in Bulwer sorte .- 3 ior reteckson pevelve : ee, on i pres teed OAL eledhemnpdic oe molubt- ost ZICH emaitig 7 = meted sommes wretic see ert “ustste f eve bose st os ne a conceited eats cet) fs ~ iy..eoctee stl. rfecell Aas oa oar Norkus en oa east oy a Ge - sities Fi 4 7 =a) “ 7 oa i ee 18 fat PONS a AP gel converted judo Pe Bei sob, jo Ke nae (ae)(ze) “= ng rt Preage sive up, the ; | from tA, Aine f nucle ford oy oS cn a:8 a Es Ty Mes 3 Ee raw 2 & NA Son on Chae fen Cee MAD coors a ope ww, Aas He G20 ae, ee ik — F1BIS eV @) Exprexeion Goa. vefoody Take every action with positive state of mind. vot gh Zo > Bits GR y a “ = onde oT oc nh anim wiv a ) che tDhht 7 Aes Tate id Nos en oe : renhb i Ars oi ont / = ndn whe =a - 2 nm fer Time p (ea) ye Bows Gye a oe Ae SEB AIO Mey

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