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Complex Numbers: Evaluation and Solutions

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Lokesh Jain
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11 views3 pages

Complex Numbers: Evaluation and Solutions

Uploaded by

Lokesh Jain
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 5 : COMPLEX NUMBERS

Q1. Evaluate the following :


2 2 3
4n + 3
  1  
25

 1 
34
 
 1 
24

(i) (− −1) , n  N (ii) i19 +    (iii) i17 −    (iv) i18 +   
  i   
 i   
 i  
9
 1  i592 + i590 + i588 + i586 + i584
(v) i n + i n +1 + i n + 2 + i n +3 for all n  N. (vi)  i 41 + 257  (vii)
 i  i582 + i580 + i578 + i576 + i574
4
 1
2 3
(viii)(1 + i) (1 + i ) (1 + i ) (1 + i ) 4
(ix) (1 + i) + (1 − i)
4 4
(x) (1 + i ) 1 + 
 i
Q2. Express the following in the from a + ib:
3 3
(ii)  + 3i  (iii)  −2 − i 
1 1
(i) (1 − i) 4 (iv) (5 − 3i)3
3   3 
Q3. Express each one of the following in the standard from a +ib:
1 5 + 4i (1 + i) 2 (3 − 2i)(2 + 3i)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
3 − 4i 4 + 5i 3−i (1 + 2i)(2 − i)
1  1 3  3 + 4i  (1 − i)3
(v) (vi)  +   (vii)
−2 + − 3  1 − 2i 1 + i  2 − 4i  1 − i3
3 − 4i  1 2  3 − 4i 
(viii) (1 + 2i)–3 (ix) (x)  −  
(4 − 2i)(1 + i)  1 − 4i 1 + i  5 + i 
(3 + i 5)(3 − i 5)
(xiii) (1 + i ) − (1 − i )
3 3
(xi) (xii) (1 − 2i) −3
( 3 + 2i) − ( 3 − i 2)
 1 3  3 − 2i 
(xiv)  −  
 1 + 2i 1 − i  1 + 3i 
z z 
Q4. If z1, z 2 are 1 – i , – 2 + 4i, respectively, find Im  1 2 
 z1 
Q5. Find the real values of x and y, if
x −1 y −1 (1 + i)x − 2i (2 − 3i)y + i
(i) (x + iy)(2 – 3i) = 4 + i (ii) + =i (iii) + =i
3+i 3−i 3+i 3−i

(iv) (1 + i) (x + iy) = 2 – 5i (v) (3x – 2i y) (2 + i)2 = 10(1 + i)


x y
Q6. If (x + iy)1/ 3 = a + ib, x , y, a b  R. Show that + = 4(a 2 − b 2 ).
a b
Q7. Find the real numbers x and y if (x – iy) (3 + 5i) is the conjugate of – 6 – 24i.
(x + i) 2 (x 2 + 1) 2
Q8. If a + ib = 2 , prove that a + b =
2 2

2x + 1 (2x 2 + 1) 2
a + ib a 2 + b2
Q9. If + iy = , prove that : (x + y ) = 2
2 2 2

c + id c + d2
Q10. Prove that : x 4 + 4 = ( x + 1 + i)( x + 1– i)( x – 1 + i)
n
 1+ i 
Q11. Find the least positive value n, if   = 1.
 1− i 
3 + 2i sin  1 + i cos 
Q12. Find real  such that (i) (ii) is purely real.
1 − 2i sin  1 − 2i cos 
1 − ix
Q13. Show that a real value of x will satisfy the equation = a − ib if a 2 + b 2 = 1 , where a, b are
1 + ix
real.
−
Q14. If  and  are different complex numbers with |  | = 1, find .
1 − 
x
Q15. Find non– zero integral solution of 1 − i = 2x.

Q16. Find all non – zero complex numbers z satisfying z = iz 2 .


Q17. Find the conjugates of the following complex numbers:
1 (3 − i) 2 (1 + i)(2 + i) (3 − 2i)(2 + 3i)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
1+ i 2+i 3+i (1 + 2i)(2 − i)
Q18. Find the multiplicative inverse of the following complex numbers: (1 + i 3) 2
z1 + z 2 + 1 4
Q19. If z1 = 2 − i, z 2 = 1 + i , find
z1 − z 2 + i 2

z z   1 
Q20. If z1 = 2 − i, z 2 = −2 + i, find (i) Re  1 2  (ii) Im  
 z1   z1 z1 
1+ i 1− i i −1
Q21. Find the modulus of (i) − (ii)
1− i 1+ i  
cos + i sin
3 3
n
 1+ i 
Q22. Find the least positive integral value of n for which   is real.
 1− i 
n
 2i 
Q23. Find the least positive integer n such that   is a positive integer.
 1+ i 
3 3
 1+ i   1− i 
Q24. If   −  = x + iy , find x, y
 1− i   1+ i 
100
 1− i 
Q25. If   = a + ib , Find a,b
 1+ i 
------------------------------------------------------- ANSWERS -------------------------------------------------------
Q1.(i) I (ii)–4 (iii)2i (iv)0 (v) 0 (vi)0 (vii) –1 (viii) 0 (ix) –8 (x) 16
242 22 107
Q2. (i) –4 + 0i (ii) − − 26i (iii) − − i (iv) –10 – 198i
27 3 27
3 4 40 9 1 3 63 16 −2 3 1 9
Q3.(i) + i (ii) − i (iii) − + i (iv) − i (v) − i (vi) + i
25 25 41 41 5 5 25 25 7 7 4 4
7 −11 2 −11 2i 1 3 307 599
(vii) 0 − i (viii) − i (ix) – 2 + 0i (x) + (xi) − i (xii) +i
2 125 125 125 125 4 4 442 442
 7 11 
(xiii) 4i (xiv)  − i
 10 5 

5 14 3 7
Q4. 2 Q5. (i) x = ,y = (ii) x = –4, y = 6 (iii) x = 3, y = – 1 (iv) x = − , y =
13 13 2 2
14 1  2b
(v) x = ,y = Q7. x = 3, y = –3 Q11. 4 Q12. (i) (ii) Q13.
15 5 2 (1 + a) 2 + b 2
3 1 3 1
Q14. 1 Q15. 0 Q16. 0,i, − i, − − i
2 2 2 2
1 1 3 4 63 16 1 3 4
Q17. (i) + i (ii) 2 + 4i (iii) − i (iv) + i Q18. − −i Q19.
2 2 5 5 25 25 8 8 2
2
Q20. (i) − (ii) 0 Q21. (i)2 (ii) 2 Q22. n=2 Q23. 8
5
Q24. x = 0, y = – 2 Q25. a=1, b=0

Common questions

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Assume the form of z where Im(z) = 0. After simplifying complex expressions and equating imaginary parts, form real equations with Re(z). The result reveals that the ratio between real and complex components confirms Im(z) = 0. By solving such equations, specific values reveal a real relationship constraint, typically forming a condition over x, y.

Considering the properties of powers of (1 + i), observe that (1 + i)^2 = 2i. For n=2, the expression indicates presence of zero real components in the normalized form (1 - i), resulting in a purely imaginary output. Hence, the least integer n required is 2.

First, simplify each factor: i^2 = -1, i^3 = i, i^4 = 1. Thus, the expression becomes (1 + i)(1 - 1)(1 + i)(1 + 0i). Notably, (1 - 1) = 0, making the product zero since multiplying by zero results in zero. Therefore, the expression in the form a + ib is 0 + 0i.

The evaluation of the expression (4n + 3)(-1)^n where n is a natural number involves understanding the behavior of (-1)^n. For even n, (-1)^n = 1, so the expression simplifies to (4n + 3). For odd n, (-1)^n = -1, so the expression becomes –(4n + 3). Hence, the expression alternates its sign based on whether n is even or odd.

To solve for x and y, equate real and imaginary parts of both sides of the given equation to its conjugate. Solving gives us a system: x = 3, y = -3, as the conjugate of -6 - 24i is 6 + 24i, matching with (x + iy) as evaluated. Consequently, x = 3, y = -3 satisfy the condition.

Rearrange the equation as (n - 1)i = (1 + i). Multiply both sides by the conjugate of the denominator: (1 - i). Thus, ((n - 1)i(1 - i))/(2i) = 1 leads to (n - 1) - i(n - 1) = 2i implies n - 1 = -2, therefore, n = -1.

Multiply top and bottom by conjugate: z = ((1-i)(1+i))/((1+i)(1-i)) simplifies to 0 + i or purely i, because numerator equates to zero real part and 1 imaginary part. Thus, x = 0 and y = 1.

Multiply numerator and denominator by the conjugate of z2, (2 - i), yielding ((2 - i)*(2 - i))/((2 + i)*(2 - i)) translates into (3 - 4i)/5, so the real part becomes 3/5.

The modulus of a complex fraction a/b is (|a|/|b|). Here, |1 + i| = √2 and |1 - i| = √2, hence the modulus is (√2/√2) = 1. Therefore, the modulus of the expression is 1.

To find the imaginary part of z1/z2, express z1/z2 in standard form. Multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator: (-2 - 4i). This process simplifies to (1 - i)(-2 - 4i)/((-2)^2 + (4i)^2) = (-2 + 4) - (2 + 4)i = 2 - 6i over 20, thus the fraction becomes 0.1 - 0.3i. The imaginary part is -0.3.

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