GENERAL MATHEMATICS – GRADE 11

APPLICATIONS OF LOGARITHMS

Introduction

Many systems and phenomena such as population growth, inflation rate,

depreciation rate and radioactive decay follow patterns and can be modeled by exponential
relationships. Since the exponential relationships are the inverse of logarithmic
relationships, thus those situations can be estimated using the logarithmic functions,
equations and inequalities that can be applied on those phenomena.

Objectives

At the end of this Learner’s Packet, the learner will be able to solve problems
involving logarithmic functions, equations, and inequalities. (M11GM-Ij-2)

Learning Activities

The average annual inflation rate of fish in the Philippines is approximately 10%.
Assuming the price of tilapia follows this trend, you can compute its average estimated
average annual price for three (3) years as follows if a kilogram of it costs P150 at present.

t years Price, P per kg (in PhP)

from now
Concept Computations
0 150 150
Its price in 2020 plus 10% of the 150 + 0.1 (150) = 150(1+0.1)
price in 2020 = 150(1.1)
1
or = 165
150 plus 10% of 150
Its price in 2021 plus 10% of the 150(1.1) + 0.1[150(1.1)]
price in 2021 =150(1.1)(1+0.1)
2
or =150(1.1)2
165 plus 10% of 165 = 181.5
Its price in 2022 plus 10% of the 150(1.1) + 0.1(150)(1.1)2
2

price in 2022 = 150(1.1)2(1+0.1)

3
or = 150(1.1)3
181.50 plus 10% of 181.50 = 199.65
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 Can you determine the general formula P in terms of t? Since t and the exponent of
1.1 are the same, the general formula for P is 150(1.1)t. The resulting P is in the form of an
exponential function, y = a bx . But, if you are interested to determine the number of years
after 2020 that the estimated price would be, you need to solve for t in terms of P. The
original equation becomes or by dividing both sides
by 150. Then, the equation is expressed as equivalent logarithmic equation
of the exponential equation You can find for t when P is given through the
use of scientific calculator. In the absence of scientific calculator, you can make use of table
of common logarithms, a logarithm with base 10. Note that can be written as
The method of using the logarithms is possible by converting the exponential equation into
equation of common logarithms. This can be done this by taking the common logarithms on
both sides of the equation to get

Then, express as by logarithm of a power to have

By dividing both sides by , the resulting equation is

In how many years the price of one kilogram of tilapia will become P300 if it
continues to follow such exponential trend? In the problem, P = 300, then you are going to

solve for t using the equation . By substitution, or . From the

table of logarithms or scientific calculator, we get and . Then,
. That means after 7.27 years, the price of 1kg of tilapia is estimated to
be P300.

Let us evaluate more logarithmic functions.

Example 1
The pH of a solution is defined in terms of logarithms as pH = -log[H+], where [H+] is
the concentration of the hydrogen ion in that solution. Find the pH of orange juice if the
concentration of the hydrogen ion in the juice is [H+] = 6.3 • 10-4.

Solution:
Substituting 6.3 • 10-4 for [H+] in the equation pH = -log[H+], you get

Then, applying Law of the logarithm 1 (Logarithm of the product:

)
by logarithm of a product.
by logarithm of a power.
by simplifying it, use table
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 of logarithms at the back.
by substituting 0.7993 for
log 6.3 and 1 for log 10.

Thus, the pH of orange juice is 3.2

Fact: pH is a measure of how acidic / basic liquid is. Its range goes from 0 to 14, with 7
being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas pHs of greater than 7 indicate
base.

Let us now solve the following problems wherein logarithmic equations are given.
Example 2
A drug is eliminated from the body through urine. The initial dose is 10 mg and the
amount A(t) in the body t hours later is given by A(t) = 10 (0.8)t. In order for the drug to be
effective, at least 2 mg must be in the body.
a. Determine t when only 2 mg are left.
b. The half-life of a substance is the amount of time that must elapse before only
one half of the original amount of substance remains unchanged. What is the
half-life of the drug? Note: Half-life refers to the time required for half of the
substance to decay
Solutions:
a. We have A(t) = 2, we obtain
2 = 10 (0.8)t

0.8t = 0.2
Taking the common logarithm of both sides of the equation, we have

By the law of the logarithm of a power,

t

Then,

Note that log 0.2 = log 2/10 = log 2 – log 10 and log 2 = 0.3020 and log 10 =
1. Then log 0.2 = 0.3010 – 1 = -0.6990. Similarly, log 0.8 = log
= 0.9031-1 = -0.0969.

Then,

Thus, there are only 2 mg left after 7.21 hours.

RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10

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 b. The half-life of a substance is the amount of time that must elapse before only
half of the original amount of substance remains unchanged.
Since the original dose is 10 mg, the half of the substance is when A(t) = ½
(10mg) or 5 mg.
Solving for t when A(t) = 5,
5 = 10 (0.8)t
0.8t = ½ by simplifying the terms
t
log 0.8 = log ½ by taking common logarithm on both sides
t log 0.8 = log ½ by logarithm of power

Since log ½ = log 2-1 = - log 2 = -0.3010 and log 0.8 = ,

Then

Thus, the half-life of the drug is 3.11 hours.

Example 3
Suppose the population of a city is given by the equation P = 60,000e0.06t, where t is
the number of years from the present time. How long will take for the population to exceed
180,000?

Solutions:
We have P > 180,000, we obtain
60,000e0.06t > 180,000

Taking the common logarithm of both sides of the equation, we have

By the law of the logarithm of a power,

0.06t

Then,

Then, from the table of logarithms, we have log e = log 2.72 = 0.4346 and
log 3 = 0.4771.
Then,

RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10

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 Thus, the population of the city will exceed 180 000 after 18.3 years.

Alternative solution:
The logarithm of x to the base e is the natural logarithm x, written as ln x.
Hence, From the preceding solution, we have arrived with equation
. By taking the natural logarithms of both sides of the equation, we get
. The last equation can be simplified as since,
. From Table of Logarithms, ln 3 equals 1.09861. Then,

.
Many situations in the real-world are governed by exponential functions of the form

where , b and n are constants, and t represents time.

What is the initial amount at the present? At present t = 0, then

Thus, is the present initial amount at the present.

Example 4
Suppose a certain kind of bacteria doubles every hour. If initially there are 2 000
bacteria in the culture and there are no deaths, how long will it take to have 64 000 bacteria?
Solution
Let t be the time in hours, and f(t) be the number of bacteria after time t. Since the
number of bacteria doubles, we have b = 2 and f(t) is an exponential equation of the form
.
Here, f(0) = 2,000. To compute for n, note that f(1) = 4,000. Why? Since after 1
hour the number of bacteria doubles, 2000 bacteria as initial amount becomes 4000.

This means that there is one time increase every hour. Thus, f(t) = 2 000 (2) t. Since
we are looking for t when f(t) = 64,000, we have the equation
RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10
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 by dividing both sides by 2000

by simplification.
by expressing into logarithmic
form.

by simplifying .
by evaluating the logarithm.
Try!

1. Find the values of and .

2. Compare the results with t = 5.

Yes, the resulting values are the same. The use of logarithms is more advantageous
for higher and non-whole number results.
Let us try another problem that needs to derive first the exponential or logarithmic
equation.

Example 5
A brand new car that costs P1,000,000 has depreciated value of P800,000 after a
year. If the depreciation follows the exponential trend, how long will it take for its price to be
reduced to P500,000?
Solution:
Let f(t) be the value of the car when it is t years old. Since the price of the car follows
exponential trend, we have the exponential equation of the form

Here, n = 1 and f(0) = 1,000,000. To compute for b, note that f(1) = 800,000. Why? Since
after 1 year, the P1,000,000 as initial amount becomes P800,000.

Thus, f(t) = 1000 000 (0.8)t. Since we are looking for t when f(t) = 500,000, we have the
equation

RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10

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 Note:

L 𝑙𝑜𝑔

L 𝑙𝑜𝑔

Thus, the value of the car will be P500,000 after approximately 3.1 years.

Alternative Solution:

We may use the formula for the exponential trend.

Let f(t) be the value of the car when it is t years old. Following the exponential trend,
we have . To solve for k, it is given that f(1) = 800,000 or

by taking natural log on both sides

by law of logarithm of a power

If f(t) = 500,00, t can be solved using the following equation

RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10

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 Activity 1

In each problem, represent the unknown and give the equation that will solve the problem.
1. If a car that costs PhP800,000 depreciates according to the formula C(x) = 800
000 (0.8)x how long will it take for its price to be reduced to PhP400,000?
Representing the Unknown: _______________________________________
Equation: _____________________________________________________
2. Suppose the population of the town of Libmanan is given by the equation
P = 120 000e0.02t, where t is the number of years from the present time. How
long will it take for the population to exceed 200 000?

Representing the Unknown: _______________________________________

Equation: _____________________________________________________

3. Carbon-14 dating is used extensively in science to find the age of fossils. If one
time, a nonliving substance contains an amount A0 of carbon-14, then t years
later it will contain an amount A of carbon-14, where . A certain
nonliving substance contained 15 micrograms of carbon-14. How many years
later did the same substance contain only 10 micrograms of carbon-14?

Representing the Unknown: _______________________________________

Equation: _____________________________________________________

4. The population N(t) (in millions) of the Philippines t years after 2020 may be
approximated by the formula . When will the population reach
125 million?

Representing the Unknown: _______________________________________

Equation: _____________________________________________________

RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10

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 Activity 2

Log In Your Account!

Direction: Choose an app in the box where are you going to log in that corresponds to the
answer of each problem.

1. On the Richter scale, the magnitude R of an earthquake of intensity, I, is given by

, where is a certain minimum intensity. Find R when I = 80.5 and =
0.00805.
2. The annual rate of depreciation r of a car that is purchased for P pesos and is worth W
pesos t years later can be found by the formula . Find the annual
rate of depreciation on a car that is purchased for PhP 450 000 and sold 4 years later for
PhP 150 000.
3. The pH of a solution is defined in terms of logarithms as [ ] , where [H+] is the
concentration of the hydrogen ion in that solution. Find the pH if the concentration of
hydrogen ions in a glass of wine is 10-4.75.
4. Stars are classified into categories of brightness called magnitudes. The faintest stars
with light flux L0 are assigned a magnitude 6. Bright stars of light flux L are assigned a
magnitude m by means of the formula . Find m if .
5. In how many years the price of one kilogram of tilapia will become P450 if it continues to

follow such equation where P is the price of the fish?

Choices:
Facebook: 24.02% Messenger: 4.75
Google: 5 DepEd Commons: 4
Zoom: 11.5 years. Skype: 31.61%

Acitivity 3

Show Me Your Mastery Level

Solve the following problems:

1. A brand-new car that costs P1 000 000 has a depreciated value of P850 000
after a year. If the depreciation follows the exponential law, how long will it take
for its price to be reduced to 50% of the original price?
For number 2 to 3.
The population of a colony of mosquitoes obeys the exponential law. If
there are 1000 mosquitoes initially, and there are 1500 after one day,

RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10

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 2. What is the value of k if where t is the time in days, a is the initial
number of population of the colony and f(t) is the population of the colony at the
given time?
3. How long is it until there are 5000 mosquitoes?

Rubric for Scoring

Rubric for scoring each item in the Activity 3

Score Level Criteria

4 Student has answered all portions of the question precisely and
followed all directions
3 Student has answered all aspects but with minimal error
2 Student has a partially correct answer to address the problem
1 Student has an unrelated and inappropriate answer
0 Student has failed to work on the problem.

Reflection

How does logarithm relate to your everyday life?

Answer Key

Activity 1
1. Representing the Unknown Let x be the number of years
Equation: or
2. Representing the Unknown: Let t be the number of years from the present time

Equation: 120 000e0.02t > 200 000 or

3. Representing the Unknown: Let t be the number of years from the time that substance
contained 15 micrograms

Equation:
RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10
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 4. Representing the Unknown: Let t be the number of years from 2020

Equation: .
Activity 2
1. DepEd Commons
2. Facebook
3. Messenger
4. Google
5. Zoom
Activity 3
1. 4.3 years
2. k = ln 1.5 = 0.4055
3. 4 days

References:

Bautista, Evangeline P., Cabral, Emmanuel E., Garces, Ian June L., Muga, Felix II P.,
Sarmineto, Jumela F., and de Lara-Tuprio, Elvira P. (2007). XP Advanced Algebra,
Trigonometry & Statistics. (Reprinted, pp. 270-275). Vibal: Quezon City
Bernabe, JulietaG., Dilao, Soledad J., and Orines, Fernando B. (2009). Advanced algebra,
Trigonometry, and Statistics. (Revised Edition, pp. 142-143). Vibal: Quezon City
Brillantes, Simeon D. (2009) Papers on the law of logarithms and their applications, a
comparison of the 1998 Geometry curriculum and 2002 Geometry curriculum, and
is the minimum value of on R2 (Masteral Thesis, Ateneo de Manila
University, 2009)
Department of Education. (2020). . Adoption of basic education learning continuity plan for
school year 2020-2021 in light of the COVID-19 public health emergency (DepEd
Order No. 12, s. 2020) DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City: Department of
Education. Retrieved on July 22, 2020, from [Link]
content/uploads/2020/06/DO_s2020_012.pdf
Gordon, Berchie W., Yunker, Lee E., Crosswhite, F. Joe,and Vannatta, Glen D. (1999).
Advanced mathematical concepts: precalculus with application (pp. 645). Glencoe
Mc Graw Hill: New York, New York
Mc Keague, Charles P. (1986). Intermediate algebra (3rd Edition, pp. 451-471). Hardcourt
Brace Jovanovich: USA
Swokowski, Earl W. (1986). Fundamental of Algebra and Trigonometry. (6th Edition, pp. 267
– 277). Weber & Schmidt: Boston
Swokoski, Earl W. and Cole, Jeffrey A. (1993). Fundamental of algebra and trigonometry
(pp. 331-334). PWS-Kent: Boston

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE LEARNER’S PACKET

WRITER : SIMEON D. BRILLANTES- Pag Oring Nuevo National HS
REVIEWER : JOHN JERIC M. SENDICO-Pili National HS
Editor : DESIREE R. EUSTE – Milaor National HS
Lay-out Artist : JHOMAR B. JARAVATA – Bula National HS
Illustrator : SIMEON D. BRILLANTES – Pag Oring Nuevo National HS
Validator : MARICRIS B. RICAFRENTE – Calabanga National HS

RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10

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 Table of Logarithms

Note:
To find the value of log x or ln x, determine the coordinates of x and log x or x and ln
x. Example, find log 1.01. Look at the 1.01 at column x and determine its ordinate at column
log x which is 0.0043. Therefore, the log 1.01 = 0.0043. Similarly for ln x, ln 1.01 = 0.0100.
x log x ln x x log x ln x x log x ln x x log x ln x x log x ln x
1 0 0
1.01 0.0043 0.0100 1.51 0.1790 0.4121 2.01 0.3032 0.6981 2.51 0.3997 0.9203 3.01 0.4786 1.1019
1.02 0.0086 0.0198 1.52 0.1818 0.4187 2.02 0.3054 0.7031 2.52 0.4014 0.9243 3.02 0.4800 1.1053
1.03 0.0128 0.0296 1.53 0.1847 0.4253 2.03 0.3075 0.7080 2.53 0.4031 0.9282 3.03 0.4814 1.1086
1.04 0.0170 0.0392 1.54 0.1875 0.4318 2.04 0.3096 0.7129 2.54 0.4048 0.9322 3.04 0.4829 1.1119
1.05 0.0212 0.0488 1.55 0.1903 0.4383 2.05 0.3118 0.7178 2.55 0.4065 0.9361 3.05 0.4843 1.1151
1.06 0.0253 0.0583 1.56 0.1931 0.4447 2.06 0.3139 0.7227 2.56 0.4082 0.9400 3.06 0.4857 1.1184
1.07 0.0294 0.0677 1.57 0.1959 0.4511 2.07 0.3160 0.7275 2.57 0.4099 0.9439 3.07 0.4871 1.1217
1.08 0.0334 0.0770 1.58 0.1987 0.4574 2.08 0.3181 0.7324 2.58 0.4116 0.9478 3.08 0.4886 1.1249
1.09 0.0374 0.0862 1.59 0.2014 0.4637 2.09 0.3201 0.7372 2.59 0.4133 0.9517 3.09 0.4900 1.1282
1.1 0.0414 0.0953 1.6 0.2041 0.4700 2.1 0.3222 0.7419 2.6 0.4150 0.9555 3.1 0.4914 1.1314
1.11 0.0453 0.1044 1.61 0.2068 0.4762 2.11 0.3243 0.7467 2.61 0.4166 0.9594 3.11 0.4928 1.1346
1.12 0.0492 0.1133 1.62 0.2095 0.4824 2.12 0.3263 0.7514 2.62 0.4183 0.9632 3.12 0.4942 1.1378
1.13 0.0531 0.1222 1.63 0.2122 0.4886 2.13 0.3284 0.7561 2.63 0.4200 0.9670 3.13 0.4955 1.1410
1.14 0.0569 0.1310 1.64 0.2148 0.4947 2.14 0.3304 0.7608 2.64 0.4216 0.9708 3.14 0.4969 1.1442
1.15 0.0607 0.1398 1.65 0.2175 0.5008 2.15 0.3324 0.7655 2.65 0.4232 0.9746 3.15 0.4983 1.1474
1.16 0.0645 0.1484 1.66 0.2201 0.5068 2.16 0.3345 0.7701 2.66 0.4249 0.9783 3.16 0.4997 1.1506
1.17 0.0682 0.1570 1.67 0.2227 0.5128 2.17 0.3365 0.7747 2.67 0.4265 0.9821 3.17 0.5011 1.1537
1.18 0.0719 0.1655 1.68 0.2253 0.5188 2.18 0.3385 0.7793 2.68 0.4281 0.9858 3.18 0.5024 1.1569
1.19 0.0755 0.1740 1.69 0.2279 0.5247 2.19 0.3404 0.7839 2.69 0.4298 0.9895 3.19 0.5038 1.1600
1.2 0.0792 0.1823 1.7 0.2304 0.5306 2.2 0.3424 0.7885 2.7 0.4314 0.9933 3.2 0.5051 1.1632
1.21 0.0828 0.1906 1.71 0.2330 0.5365 2.21 0.3444 0.7930 2.71 0.4330 0.9969 3.21 0.5065 1.1663
1.22 0.0864 0.1989 1.72 0.2355 0.5423 2.22 0.3464 0.7975 2.72 0.4346 1.0006 3.22 0.5079 1.1694
1.23 0.0899 0.2070 1.73 0.2380 0.5481 2.23 0.3483 0.8020 2.73 0.4362 1.0043 3.23 0.5092 1.1725
1.24 0.0934 0.2151 1.74 0.2405 0.5539 2.24 0.3502 0.8065 2.74 0.4378 1.0080 3.24 0.5105 1.1756
1.25 0.0969 0.2231 1.75 0.2430 0.5596 2.25 0.3522 0.8109 2.75 0.4393 1.0116 3.25 0.5119 1.1787
1.26 0.1004 0.2311 1.76 0.2455 0.5653 2.26 0.3541 0.8154 2.76 0.4409 1.0152 3.26 0.5132 1.1817
1.27 0.1038 0.2390 1.77 0.2480 0.5710 2.27 0.3560 0.8198 2.77 0.4425 1.0188 3.27 0.5145 1.1848
1.28 0.1072 0.2469 1.78 0.2504 0.5766 2.28 0.3579 0.8242 2.78 0.4440 1.0225 3.28 0.5159 1.1878
1.29 0.1106 0.2546 1.79 0.2529 0.5822 2.29 0.3598 0.8286 2.79 0.4456 1.0260 3.29 0.5172 1.1909
1.3 0.1139 0.2624 1.8 0.2553 0.5878 2.3 0.3617 0.8329 2.8 0.4472 1.0296 3.3 0.5185 1.1939
1.31 0.1173 0.2700 1.81 0.2577 0.5933 2.31 0.3636 0.8372 2.81 0.4487 1.0332 3.31 0.5198 1.1969
1.32 0.1206 0.2776 1.82 0.2601 0.5988 2.32 0.3655 0.8416 2.82 0.4502 1.0367 3.32 0.5211 1.2000
1.33 0.1239 0.2852 1.83 0.2625 0.6043 2.33 0.3674 0.8459 2.83 0.4518 1.0403 3.33 0.5224 1.2030
1.34 0.1271 0.2927 1.84 0.2648 0.6098 2.34 0.3692 0.8502 2.84 0.4533 1.0438 3.34 0.5237 1.2060
1.35 0.1303 0.3001 1.85 0.2672 0.6152 2.35 0.3711 0.8544 2.85 0.4548 1.0473 3.35 0.5250 1.2090
1.36 0.1335 0.3075 1.86 0.2695 0.6206 2.36 0.3729 0.8587 2.86 0.4564 1.0508 3.36 0.5263 1.2119
1.37 0.1367 0.3148 1.87 0.2718 0.6259 2.37 0.3747 0.8629 2.87 0.4579 1.0543 3.37 0.5276 1.2149
1.38 0.1399 0.3221 1.88 0.2742 0.6313 2.38 0.3766 0.8671 2.88 0.4594 1.0578 3.38 0.5289 1.2179
1.39 0.1430 0.3293 1.89 0.2765 0.6366 2.39 0.3784 0.8713 2.89 0.4609 1.0613 3.39 0.5302 1.2208
1.4 0.1461 0.3365 1.9 0.2788 0.6419 2.4 0.3802 0.8755 2.9 0.4624 1.0647 3.4 0.5315 1.2238
1.41 0.1492 0.3436 1.91 0.2810 0.6471 2.41 0.3820 0.8796 2.91 0.4639 1.0682 3.41 0.5328 1.2267
1.42 0.1523 0.3507 1.92 0.2833 0.6523 2.42 0.3838 0.8838 2.92 0.4654 1.0716 3.42 0.5340 1.2296
1.43 0.1553 0.3577 1.93 0.2856 0.6575 2.43 0.3856 0.8879 2.93 0.4669 1.0750 3.43 0.5353 1.2326
1.44 0.1584 0.3646 1.94 0.2878 0.6627 2.44 0.3874 0.8920 2.94 0.4683 1.0784 3.44 0.5366 1.2355
1.45 0.1614 0.3716 1.95 0.2900 0.6678 2.45 0.3892 0.8961 2.95 0.4698 1.0818 3.45 0.5378 1.2384
1.46 0.1644 0.3784 1.96 0.2923 0.6729 2.46 0.3909 0.9002 2.96 0.4713 1.0852 3.46 0.5391 1.2413
1.47 0.1673 0.3853 1.97 0.2945 0.6780 2.47 0.3927 0.9042 2.97 0.4728 1.0886 3.47 0.5403 1.2442
1.48 0.1703 0.3920 1.98 0.2967 0.6831 2.48 0.3945 0.9083 2.98 0.4742 1.0919 3.48 0.5416 1.2470
1.49 0.1732 0.3988 1.99 0.2989 0.6881 2.49 0.3962 0.9123 2.99 0.4757 1.0953 3.49 0.5428 1.2499
1.5 0.1761 0.4055 2 0.3010 0.6931 2.5 0.3979 0.9163 3 0.4771 1.0986 3.5 0.5441 1.2528

RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10

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x log x ln x x log x ln x x log x ln x x log x ln x x log x ln x

3.51 0.5453 1.2556 4.01 0.6031 1.3888 4.51 0.6542 1.5063 5.01 0.6998 1.6114 5.51 0.7412 1.7066
3.52 0.5465 1.2585 4.02 0.6042 1.3913 4.52 0.6551 1.5085 5.02 0.7007 1.6134 5.52 0.7419 1.7084
3.53 0.5478 1.2613 4.03 0.6053 1.3938 4.53 0.6561 1.5107 5.03 0.7016 1.6154 5.53 0.7427 1.7102
3.54 0.5490 1.2641 4.04 0.6064 1.3962 4.54 0.6571 1.5129 5.04 0.7024 1.6174 5.54 0.7435 1.7120
3.55 0.5502 1.2669 4.05 0.6075 1.3987 4.55 0.6580 1.5151 5.05 0.7033 1.6194 5.55 0.7443 1.7138
3.56 0.5514 1.2698 4.06 0.6085 1.4012 4.56 0.6590 1.5173 5.06 0.7042 1.6214 5.56 0.7451 1.7156
3.57 0.5527 1.2726 4.07 0.6096 1.4036 4.57 0.6599 1.5195 5.07 0.7050 1.6233 5.57 0.7459 1.7174
3.58 0.5539 1.2754 4.08 0.6107 1.4061 4.58 0.6609 1.5217 5.08 0.7059 1.6253 5.58 0.7466 1.7192
3.59 0.5551 1.2782 4.09 0.6117 1.4085 4.59 0.6618 1.5239 5.09 0.7067 1.6273 5.59 0.7474 1.7210
3.6 0.5563 1.2809 4.1 0.6128 1.4110 4.6 0.6628 1.5261 5.1 0.7076 1.6292 5.6 0.7482 1.7228
3.61 0.5575 1.2837 4.11 0.6138 1.4134 4.61 0.6637 1.5282 5.11 0.7084 1.6312 5.61 0.7490 1.7246
3.62 0.5587 1.2865 4.12 0.6149 1.4159 4.62 0.6646 1.5304 5.12 0.7093 1.6332 5.62 0.7497 1.7263
3.63 0.5599 1.2892 4.13 0.6160 1.4183 4.63 0.6656 1.5326 5.13 0.7101 1.6351 5.63 0.7505 1.7281
3.64 0.5611 1.2920 4.14 0.6170 1.4207 4.64 0.6665 1.5347 5.14 0.7110 1.6371 5.64 0.7513 1.7299
3.65 0.5623 1.2947 4.15 0.6180 1.4231 4.65 0.6675 1.5369 5.15 0.7118 1.6390 5.65 0.7520 1.7317
3.66 0.5635 1.2975 4.16 0.6191 1.4255 4.66 0.6684 1.5390 5.16 0.7126 1.6409 5.66 0.7528 1.7334
3.67 0.5647 1.3002 4.17 0.6201 1.4279 4.67 0.6693 1.5412 5.17 0.7135 1.6429 5.67 0.7536 1.7352
3.68 0.5658 1.3029 4.18 0.6212 1.4303 4.68 0.6702 1.5433 5.18 0.7143 1.6448 5.68 0.7543 1.7370
3.69 0.5670 1.3056 4.19 0.6222 1.4327 4.69 0.6712 1.5454 5.19 0.7152 1.6467 5.69 0.7551 1.7387
3.7 0.5682 1.3083 4.2 0.6232 1.4351 4.7 0.6721 1.5476 5.2 0.7160 1.6487 5.7 0.7559 1.7405
3.71 0.5694 1.3110 4.21 0.6243 1.4375 4.71 0.6730 1.5497 5.21 0.7168 1.6506 5.71 0.7566 1.7422
3.72 0.5705 1.3137 4.22 0.6253 1.4398 4.72 0.6739 1.5518 5.22 0.7177 1.6525 5.72 0.7574 1.7440
3.73 0.5717 1.3164 4.23 0.6263 1.4422 4.73 0.6749 1.5539 5.23 0.7185 1.6544 5.73 0.7582 1.7457
3.74 0.5729 1.3191 4.24 0.6274 1.4446 4.74 0.6758 1.5560 5.24 0.7193 1.6563 5.74 0.7589 1.7475
3.75 0.5740 1.3218 4.25 0.6284 1.4469 4.75 0.6767 1.5581 5.25 0.7202 1.6582 5.75 0.7597 1.7492
3.76 0.5752 1.3244 4.26 0.6294 1.4493 4.76 0.6776 1.5602 5.26 0.7210 1.6601 5.76 0.7604 1.7509
3.77 0.5763 1.3271 4.27 0.6304 1.4516 4.77 0.6785 1.5623 5.27 0.7218 1.6620 5.77 0.7612 1.7527
3.78 0.5775 1.3297 4.28 0.6314 1.4540 4.78 0.6794 1.5644 5.28 0.7226 1.6639 5.78 0.7619 1.7544
3.79 0.5786 1.3324 4.29 0.6325 1.4563 4.79 0.6803 1.5665 5.29 0.7235 1.6658 5.79 0.7627 1.7561
3.8 0.5798 1.3350 4.3 0.6335 1.4586 4.8 0.6812 1.5686 5.3 0.7243 1.6677 5.8 0.7634 1.7579
3.81 0.5809 1.3376 4.31 0.6345 1.4609 4.81 0.6821 1.5707 5.31 0.7251 1.6696 5.81 0.7642 1.7596
3.82 0.5821 1.3403 4.32 0.6355 1.4633 4.82 0.6830 1.5728 5.32 0.7259 1.6715 5.82 0.7649 1.7613
3.83 0.5832 1.3429 4.33 0.6365 1.4656 4.83 0.6839 1.5748 5.33 0.7267 1.6734 5.83 0.7657 1.7630
3.84 0.5843 1.3455 4.34 0.6375 1.4679 4.84 0.6848 1.5769 5.34 0.7275 1.6752 5.84 0.7664 1.7647
3.85 0.5855 1.3481 4.35 0.6385 1.4702 4.85 0.6857 1.5790 5.35 0.7284 1.6771 5.85 0.7672 1.7664
3.86 0.5866 1.3507 4.36 0.6395 1.4725 4.86 0.6866 1.5810 5.36 0.7292 1.6790 5.86 0.7679 1.7681
3.87 0.5877 1.3533 4.37 0.6405 1.4748 4.87 0.6875 1.5831 5.37 0.7300 1.6808 5.87 0.7686 1.7699
3.88 0.5888 1.3558 4.38 0.6415 1.4770 4.88 0.6884 1.5851 5.38 0.7308 1.6827 5.88 0.7694 1.7716
3.89 0.5899 1.3584 4.39 0.6425 1.4793 4.89 0.6893 1.5872 5.39 0.7316 1.6845 5.89 0.7701 1.7733
3.9 0.5911 1.3610 4.4 0.6435 1.4816 4.9 0.6902 1.5892 5.4 0.7324 1.6864 5.9 0.7709 1.7750
3.91 0.5922 1.3635 4.41 0.6444 1.4839 4.91 0.6911 1.5913 5.41 0.7332 1.6882 5.91 0.7716 1.7766
3.92 0.5933 1.3661 4.42 0.6454 1.4861 4.92 0.6920 1.5933 5.42 0.7340 1.6901 5.92 0.7723 1.7783
3.93 0.5944 1.3686 4.43 0.6464 1.4884 4.93 0.6928 1.5953 5.43 0.7348 1.6919 5.93 0.7731 1.7800
3.94 0.5955 1.3712 4.44 0.6474 1.4907 4.94 0.6937 1.5974 5.44 0.7356 1.6938 5.94 0.7738 1.7817
3.95 0.5966 1.3737 4.45 0.6484 1.4929 4.95 0.6946 1.5994 5.45 0.7364 1.6956 5.95 0.7745 1.7834
3.96 0.5977 1.3762 4.46 0.6493 1.4951 4.96 0.6955 1.6014 5.46 0.7372 1.6974 5.96 0.7752 1.7851
3.97 0.5988 1.3788 4.47 0.6503 1.4974 4.97 0.6964 1.6034 5.47 0.7380 1.6993 5.97 0.7760 1.7867
3.98 0.5999 1.3813 4.48 0.6513 1.4996 4.98 0.6972 1.6054 5.48 0.7388 1.7011 5.98 0.7767 1.7884
3.99 0.6010 1.3838 4.49 0.6522 1.5019 4.99 0.6981 1.6074 5.49 0.7396 1.7029 5.99 0.7774 1.7901
4 0.6021 1.3863 4.5 0.6532 1.5041 5 0.6990 1.6094 5.5 0.7404 1.7047 6 0.7782 1.7918

RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10

13
x log x ln x x log x ln x x log x ln x x log x ln x x log x ln x

6.01 0.7789 1.7934 6.51 0.8136 1.8733 7.01 0.8457 1.9473 7.51 0.8756 2.0162 8.01 0.9036 2.0807
6.02 0.7796 1.7951 6.52 0.8142 1.8749 7.02 0.8463 1.9488 7.52 0.8762 2.0176 8.02 0.9042 2.0819
6.03 0.7803 1.7967 6.53 0.8149 1.8764 7.03 0.8470 1.9502 7.53 0.8768 2.0189 8.03 0.9047 2.0832
6.04 0.7810 1.7984 6.54 0.8156 1.8779 7.04 0.8476 1.9516 7.54 0.8774 2.0202 8.04 0.9053 2.0844
6.05 0.7818 1.8001 6.55 0.8162 1.8795 7.05 0.8482 1.9530 7.55 0.8779 2.0215 8.05 0.9058 2.0857
6.06 0.7825 1.8017 6.56 0.8169 1.8810 7.06 0.8488 1.9544 7.56 0.8785 2.0229 8.06 0.9063 2.0869
6.07 0.7832 1.8034 6.57 0.8176 1.8825 7.07 0.8494 1.9559 7.57 0.8791 2.0242 8.07 0.9069 2.0882
6.08 0.7839 1.8050 6.58 0.8182 1.8840 7.08 0.8500 1.9573 7.58 0.8797 2.0255 8.08 0.9074 2.0894
6.09 0.7846 1.8066 6.59 0.8189 1.8856 7.09 0.8506 1.9587 7.59 0.8802 2.0268 8.09 0.9079 2.0906
6.1 0.7853 1.8083 6.6 0.8195 1.8871 7.1 0.8513 1.9601 7.6 0.8808 2.0281 8.1 0.9085 2.0919
6.11 0.7860 1.8099 6.61 0.8202 1.8886 7.11 0.8519 1.9615 7.61 0.8814 2.0295 8.11 0.9090 2.0931
6.12 0.7868 1.8116 6.62 0.8209 1.8901 7.12 0.8525 1.9629 7.62 0.8820 2.0308 8.12 0.9096 2.0943
6.13 0.7875 1.8132 6.63 0.8215 1.8916 7.13 0.8531 1.9643 7.63 0.8825 2.0321 8.13 0.9101 2.0956
6.14 0.7882 1.8148 6.64 0.8222 1.8931 7.14 0.8537 1.9657 7.64 0.8831 2.0334 8.14 0.9106 2.0968
6.15 0.7889 1.8165 6.65 0.8228 1.8946 7.15 0.8543 1.9671 7.65 0.8837 2.0347 8.15 0.9112 2.0980
6.16 0.7896 1.8181 6.66 0.8235 1.8961 7.16 0.8549 1.9685 7.66 0.8842 2.0360 8.16 0.9117 2.0992
6.17 0.7903 1.8197 6.67 0.8241 1.8976 7.17 0.8555 1.9699 7.67 0.8848 2.0373 8.17 0.9122 2.1005
6.18 0.7910 1.8213 6.68 0.8248 1.8991 7.18 0.8561 1.9713 7.68 0.8854 2.0386 8.18 0.9128 2.1017
6.19 0.7917 1.8229 6.69 0.8254 1.9006 7.19 0.8567 1.9727 7.69 0.8859 2.0399 8.19 0.9133 2.1029
6.2 0.7924 1.8245 6.7 0.8261 1.9021 7.2 0.8573 1.9741 7.7 0.8865 2.0412 8.2 0.9138 2.1041
6.21 0.7931 1.8262 6.71 0.8267 1.9036 7.21 0.8579 1.9755 7.71 0.8871 2.0425 8.21 0.9143 2.1054
6.22 0.7938 1.8278 6.72 0.8274 1.9051 7.22 0.8585 1.9769 7.72 0.8876 2.0438 8.22 0.9149 2.1066
6.23 0.7945 1.8294 6.73 0.8280 1.9066 7.23 0.8591 1.9782 7.73 0.8882 2.0451 8.23 0.9154 2.1078
6.24 0.7952 1.8310 6.74 0.8287 1.9081 7.24 0.8597 1.9796 7.74 0.8887 2.0464 8.24 0.9159 2.1090
6.25 0.7959 1.8326 6.75 0.8293 1.9095 7.25 0.8603 1.9810 7.75 0.8893 2.0477 8.25 0.9165 2.1102
6.26 0.7966 1.8342 6.76 0.8299 1.9110 7.26 0.8609 1.9824 7.76 0.8899 2.0490 8.26 0.9170 2.1114
6.27 0.7973 1.8358 6.77 0.8306 1.9125 7.27 0.8615 1.9838 7.77 0.8904 2.0503 8.27 0.9175 2.1126
6.28 0.7980 1.8374 6.78 0.8312 1.9140 7.28 0.8621 1.9851 7.78 0.8910 2.0516 8.28 0.9180 2.1138
6.29 0.7987 1.8390 6.79 0.8319 1.9155 7.29 0.8627 1.9865 7.79 0.8915 2.0528 8.29 0.9186 2.1150
6.3 0.7993 1.8405 6.8 0.8325 1.9169 7.3 0.8633 1.9879 7.8 0.8921 2.0541 8.3 0.9191 2.1163
6.31 0.8000 1.8421 6.81 0.8331 1.9184 7.31 0.8639 1.9892 7.81 0.8927 2.0554 8.31 0.9196 2.1175
6.32 0.8007 1.8437 6.82 0.8338 1.9199 7.32 0.8645 1.9906 7.82 0.8932 2.0567 8.32 0.9201 2.1187
6.33 0.8014 1.8453 6.83 0.8344 1.9213 7.33 0.8651 1.9920 7.83 0.8938 2.0580 8.33 0.9206 2.1199
6.34 0.8021 1.8469 6.84 0.8351 1.9228 7.34 0.8657 1.9933 7.84 0.8943 2.0592 8.34 0.9212 2.1211
6.35 0.8028 1.8485 6.85 0.8357 1.9242 7.35 0.8663 1.9947 7.85 0.8949 2.0605 8.35 0.9217 2.1223
6.36 0.8035 1.8500 6.86 0.8363 1.9257 7.36 0.8669 1.9961 7.86 0.8954 2.0618 8.36 0.9222 2.1235
6.37 0.8041 1.8516 6.87 0.8370 1.9272 7.37 0.8675 1.9974 7.87 0.8960 2.0631 8.37 0.9227 2.1247
6.38 0.8048 1.8532 6.88 0.8376 1.9286 7.38 0.8681 1.9988 7.88 0.8965 2.0643 8.38 0.9232 2.1258
6.39 0.8055 1.8547 6.89 0.8382 1.9301 7.39 0.8686 2.0001 7.89 0.8971 2.0656 8.39 0.9238 2.1270
6.4 0.8062 1.8563 6.9 0.8388 1.9315 7.4 0.8692 2.0015 7.9 0.8976 2.0669 8.4 0.9243 2.1282
6.41 0.8069 1.8579 6.91 0.8395 1.9330 7.41 0.8698 2.0028 7.91 0.8982 2.0681 8.41 0.9248 2.1294
6.42 0.8075 1.8594 6.92 0.8401 1.9344 7.42 0.8704 2.0042 7.92 0.8987 2.0694 8.42 0.9253 2.1306
6.43 0.8082 1.8610 6.93 0.8407 1.9359 7.43 0.8710 2.0055 7.93 0.8993 2.0707 8.43 0.9258 2.1318
6.44 0.8089 1.8625 6.94 0.8414 1.9373 7.44 0.8716 2.0069 7.94 0.8998 2.0719 8.44 0.9263 2.1330
6.45 0.8096 1.8641 6.95 0.8420 1.9387 7.45 0.8722 2.0082 7.95 0.9004 2.0732 8.45 0.9269 2.1342
6.46 0.8102 1.8656 6.96 0.8426 1.9402 7.46 0.8727 2.0096 7.96 0.9009 2.0744 8.46 0.9274 2.1353
6.47 0.8109 1.8672 6.97 0.8432 1.9416 7.47 0.8733 2.0109 7.97 0.9015 2.0757 8.47 0.9279 2.1365
6.48 0.8116 1.8687 6.98 0.8439 1.9430 7.48 0.8739 2.0122 7.98 0.9020 2.0769 8.48 0.9284 2.1377
6.49 0.8122 1.8703 6.99 0.8445 1.9445 7.49 0.8745 2.0136 7.99 0.9025 2.0782 8.49 0.9289 2.1389
6.5 0.8129 1.8718 7 0.8451 1.9459 7.5 0.8751 2.0149 8 0.9031 2.0794 8.5 0.9294 2.1401

RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10

14
x log x ln x x log x ln x x log x ln x

8.51 0.9299 2.1412 9.01 0.9547 2.1983 9.51 0.9782 2.2523

8.52 0.9304 2.1424 9.02 0.9552 2.1994 9.52 0.9786 2.2534
8.53 0.9309 2.1436 9.03 0.9557 2.2006 9.53 0.9791 2.2544
8.54 0.9315 2.1448 9.04 0.9562 2.2017 9.54 0.9795 2.2555
8.55 0.9320 2.1459 9.05 0.9566 2.2028 9.55 0.9800 2.2565
8.56 0.9325 2.1471 9.06 0.9571 2.2039 9.56 0.9805 2.2576
8.57 0.9330 2.1483 9.07 0.9576 2.2050 9.57 0.9809 2.2586
8.58 0.9335 2.1494 9.08 0.9581 2.2061 9.58 0.9814 2.2597
8.59 0.9340 2.1506 9.09 0.9586 2.2072 9.59 0.9818 2.2607
8.6 0.9345 2.1518 9.1 0.9590 2.2083 9.6 0.9823 2.2618
8.61 0.9350 2.1529 9.11 0.9595 2.2094 9.61 0.9827 2.2628
8.62 0.9355 2.1541 9.12 0.9600 2.2105 9.62 0.9832 2.2638
8.63 0.9360 2.1552 9.13 0.9605 2.2116 9.63 0.9836 2.2649
8.64 0.9365 2.1564 9.14 0.9609 2.2127 9.64 0.9841 2.2659
8.65 0.9370 2.1576 9.15 0.9614 2.2138 9.65 0.9845 2.2670
8.66 0.9375 2.1587 9.16 0.9619 2.2148 9.66 0.9850 2.2680
8.67 0.9380 2.1599 9.17 0.9624 2.2159 9.67 0.9854 2.2690
8.68 0.9385 2.1610 9.18 0.9628 2.2170 9.68 0.9859 2.2701
8.69 0.9390 2.1622 9.19 0.9633 2.2181 9.69 0.9863 2.2711
8.7 0.9395 2.1633 9.2 0.9638 2.2192 9.7 0.9868 2.2721
8.71 0.9400 2.1645 9.21 0.9643 2.2203 9.71 0.9872 2.2732
8.72 0.9405 2.1656 9.22 0.9647 2.2214 9.72 0.9877 2.2742
8.73 0.9410 2.1668 9.23 0.9652 2.2225 9.73 0.9881 2.2752
8.74 0.9415 2.1679 9.24 0.9657 2.2235 9.74 0.9886 2.2762
8.75 0.9420 2.1691 9.25 0.9661 2.2246 9.75 0.9890 2.2773
8.76 0.9425 2.1702 9.26 0.9666 2.2257 9.76 0.9894 2.2783
8.77 0.9430 2.1713 9.27 0.9671 2.2268 9.77 0.9899 2.2793
8.78 0.9435 2.1725 9.28 0.9675 2.2279 9.78 0.9903 2.2803
8.79 0.9440 2.1736 9.29 0.9680 2.2289 9.79 0.9908 2.2814
8.8 0.9445 2.1748 9.3 0.9685 2.2300 9.8 0.9912 2.2824
8.81 0.9450 2.1759 9.31 0.9689 2.2311 9.81 0.9917 2.2834
8.82 0.9455 2.1770 9.32 0.9694 2.2322 9.82 0.9921 2.2844
8.83 0.9460 2.1782 9.33 0.9699 2.2332 9.83 0.9926 2.2854
8.84 0.9465 2.1793 9.34 0.9703 2.2343 9.84 0.9930 2.2865
8.85 0.9469 2.1804 9.35 0.9708 2.2354 9.85 0.9934 2.2875
8.86 0.9474 2.1815 9.36 0.9713 2.2364 9.86 0.9939 2.2885
8.87 0.9479 2.1827 9.37 0.9717 2.2375 9.87 0.9943 2.2895
8.88 0.9484 2.1838 9.38 0.9722 2.2386 9.88 0.9948 2.2905
8.89 0.9489 2.1849 9.39 0.9727 2.2396 9.89 0.9952 2.2915
8.9 0.9494 2.1861 9.4 0.9731 2.2407 9.9 0.9956 2.2925
8.91 0.9499 2.1872 9.41 0.9736 2.2418 9.91 0.9961 2.2935
8.92 0.9504 2.1883 9.42 0.9741 2.2428 9.92 0.9965 2.2946
8.93 0.9509 2.1894 9.43 0.9745 2.2439 9.93 0.9969 2.2956
8.94 0.9513 2.1905 9.44 0.9750 2.2450 9.94 0.9974 2.2966
8.95 0.9518 2.1917 9.45 0.9754 2.2460 9.95 0.9978 2.2976
8.96 0.9523 2.1928 9.46 0.9759 2.2471 9.96 0.9983 2.2986
8.97 0.9528 2.1939 9.47 0.9763 2.2481 9.97 0.9987 2.2996
8.98 0.9533 2.1950 9.48 0.9768 2.2492 9.98 0.9991 2.3006
8.99 0.9538 2.1961 9.49 0.9773 2.2502 9.99 0.9996 2.3016
9 0.9542 2.1972 9.5 0.9777 2.2513 10 1.0000 2.3026

RO_General Mathematics_Grade 11_Q1_LP 10

15