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TMA (main campus) Interview Question
[Link] is Cell Division ?
Ans :- Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or
more daughter cells. It is a fundamental mechanism of growth, development,
and reproduction in living organisms. There are two main types of cell division:
mitosis and meiosis.
5 Types of Mitosis : Prophase , Metaphase , Anaphase , Telophase , Cytokinesis
2 Types of Meiosis : Meiosis 1 , Meiosis 2
[Link] & acid definition& examples
Ans :- Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in
water. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, acids are proton donors.
Properties: Sour taste , Can turn blue litmus paper red ,React with metals to
produce hydrogen gas. Example :- Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) ,Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)
,Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH) , Citric Acid (C₆H₈O₇).
Bases are substances that release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in
water. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, bases are proton acceptors.
Properties: Bitter taste , Slippery feel ,Can turn red litmus paper blue
Example :- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) , Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) , Ammonia
(NH₃)
[Link] & product of photosynthesis.
Ans :- Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some
bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy
stored in glucose (a sugar). This process is fundamental to life on Earth as it
provides the primary source of energy for nearly all organisms.
Photosynthesis Equation 6CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O26
[Link] many Periodic Table periods & groups .
Ans :- The Periodic Table consists of 7 periods (rows) and 18 groups (columns).
Each period represents a horizontal row of elements, while each group
represents a vertical column of elements with similar chemical properties.
[Link] Of RBC & WBC.
Ans :- Red Blood Cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, have the primary
function of transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and
carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation. This process
occurs through the hemoglobin molecule present in RBCs, which binds to
oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues. RBCs lack a nucleus and most
organelles, maximizing their capacity for carrying oxygen.
White Blood Cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are a crucial part of the
immune system. Their main function is to defend the body against infections
and foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. WBCs can
identify and destroy pathogens through various mechanisms, including
phagocytosis (engulfing and digesting pathogens), producing antibodies to
neutralize pathogens, and releasing chemicals to signal other immune cells.
Unlike RBCs, WBCs have a nucleus and are larger in size.
[Link]
Ans :- Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed solely of hydrogen
and carbon atoms. They are fundamental in organic chemistry and play
significant roles in various industries and natural processes.
[Link] and example
Ans :- Amphibians are a class of vertebrates that typically spend part of their
life cycle in water and part on land. They are characterized by several features
including moist skin, gills (in larval stages), lungs (in adult stages), and
typically undergoing metamorphosis from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults.
Amphibians are cold-blooded animals, meaning their body temperature
fluctuates with the environment. Example :- Frogs and Toads.
[Link] particles of atoms
Ans :- Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles: Protons , Neutrons
and Electrons.
[Link] Process
Ans :- The replication process refers to the mechanism by which DNA
molecules make copies of themselves. It is a fundamental process in biology
that ensures the faithful transmission of genetic information from one
generation to the next. Processes :- [Link] [Link] [Link]
[Link] Process
Ans :-The translation process is a key step in protein synthesis, where the
genetic information stored in mRNA (messenger RNA) is decoded to produce
a specific sequence of amino acids, which then forms a protein.
Processes :- [Link] [Link] 3. Translocation [Link]
[Link] of kidney & lungs
Ans :- Kidneys filter blood, regulate electrolytes, produce hormones, and
excrete waste.
Lungs facilitate gas exchange, oxygenate blood, remove carbon dioxide, and
regulate breathing.
[Link] of Chromosomes , DNA , Proteins and Vitamins.
Chromosomes: Chromosomes are thread-like structures composed of DNA and
proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They contain the genetic
information (genes) that is passed from one generation to the next. Chromosomes
condense during cell division to facilitate the separation and distribution of genetic
material to daughter cells.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): DNA is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions
necessary for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known
living organisms. It consists of two long chains (strands) of nucleotides twisted into a
double helix structure. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar
molecule (deoxyribose), and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T),
cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The sequence of these bases encodes genetic
information.
Proteins: Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of one or more chains of
amino acids. They play critical roles in various biological processes, including
enzymatic catalysis, structural support, cell signaling, immune response, and
transportation of molecules within cells and across cell membranes. The sequence of
amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the gene
that codes for it
Vitamins: Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for normal physiological
functions, growth, and development. They are required in small quantities and
cannot be synthesized in sufficient amounts by the body, so they must be obtained
from the diet. Vitamins serve as cofactors or precursors for enzymatic reactions and
play important roles in metabolism, immune function, vision, bone health, and other
biological processes. Examples include vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and vitamin
A.
[Link] is Ozone, Oxygen , atomic number and molecular weight ?
Ozone (O3): Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. It is a
pale blue gas with a distinct odor and is most commonly found in the Earth's
stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer. The ozone layer plays a crucial
role in protecting the Earth's surface from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation
by absorbing much of the incoming UV radiation from the Sun.
Oxygen (O2): Oxygen is a diatomic molecule composed of two oxygen atoms.
It is a colorless, odorless gas that is essential for life on Earth as it is involved
in cellular respiration, the process by which organisms obtain energy from
food. Oxygen is also a key component of the Earth's atmosphere, making up
about 21% of its volume.
Atomic Number: The atomic number of an element is the number of protons
found in the nucleus of an atom of that element. It is denoted by the symbol
Z. For example, the atomic number of oxygen (O) is 8, which means that each
oxygen atom contains 8 protons in its nucleus.
Molecular weight, also known as molecular mass or molar mass, is the mass
of a molecule relative to the unified atomic mass unit (u) or dalton (Da). It is
calculated by summing the atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecule
and is expressed in atomic mass units (amu) or grams per mole (g/mol).
[Link] Blood Circulation.
Ans :-Blood circulation involves the continuous flow of blood throughout the
body, facilitated by the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Oxygen-rich blood is
pumped from the heart to tissues via arteries, while oxygen-depleted blood
returns to the heart through veins, completing the cycle necessary for delive-
ring oxygen and nutrients and removing waste products.
[Link] is connective tissue ?
Ans :-Connective tissue is a diverse type of tissue found throughout the body,
providing structural support, connecting and anchoring organs and tissues,
and facilitating communication between cells. It includes various types such as
bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, and blood, each with specialized functions in
maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis.