GNED 02: Ethics
Chapter 1 - Introduction: Ethics vs Morals
What is Philosophy in Two Definitions: ● develop a cultured, well-defined, and
Etymologically? And Essentially? well-rounded individual
● develop comprehension and critical
Etymological Definition of Philosophy thinking
- first coined by Pythagoras, came ● develop own philosophy in life
from the Greek words; philos - love, necessary in directing own lives
and sophia - wisdom
- denoting for “love of wisdom” DISCIPLINES IN PHILOSOPHY
Logic - study of right and sound reasoning
Three Concepts/Kinds of Love: Epistemology - study of validity of
1. eros knwoledge
- a passionate, intense desire for something Metaphysics - explanation of the
- sexual desires fundamental concept of being
2. agape Aesthetics - study of beauty
- paternal love of God to humanity Cosmology - study of real thing in the
3. philia universe
- fondness and appreciation of family, Theology - study of God and His nature
friendship, community and discipline Social Philosophy - study of human and
- love that seeks the truth their relation to sciety
Ethics - science of morality of human acts
philosophy Defining Ethics and Morals
- love of attaining the truth of reality
Rules - instructions that tells us what we are
Three Classifications of Men allowed/not allowed to do
● Lovers of Pleasure
● Lovers of Success Morals
● Lovers of Wisdom - from the Latin word “mos” meaning
character
- all humans have inherent desire to - beliefs and values practiced by an
know and understand reality individual or group that directs
- wisdom is only possessed by those people to do what is customarily
who have utilized knowledge for the allowable as right or refrain from
benefit of self and the society wrong or taboo
- personal conviction
Essential Definition of Philosophy
- search for meaning Ethics
- understanding the mysteries of - from the Greek word “ethikos”
existence and reality meaning character
- takes an in-depth and - guiding principle as to decide
comprehensive view of information whether an action is good or bad
and truth - moral philosophy
IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY IMPERATIVES OF ETHICS
GNED 02: Ethics
Chapter 1 - Introduction: Ethics vs Morals
1. Human Freedom - power to act or CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL
not to act making us responsible STANDARDS
with our actions - involves serious wrongs or
2. Existence of God - Without God’s significant benefits
existence postulating human beliefs, - ought to be preferred to other values
humans will find no reason to do - not established by authority figures
good and avoid evil - have the trait of universalizability
3. Immortality of Soul - If there’s no - based on impartial considerations
afterlife rewarding good deeds and - associated with special emotions
punishing evil doers, there is no and vocabulary
sense to live a better life
Moral and Non-Moral Standards
- absorbed from various social
institutions
- postulated by accepted cultural
practices and established societal
norms
Moral Standards
- determines about actions that is
believed to be morally right and
deter us from doing what is
considered wrong
- based on mores and practices that
allow actions ad good in specific
time and place
- failure to submit may be subjected to
appropriate sanctions
Examples:
● Stealing is wrong
● Telling lies is wrong
Non-Moral Standards
- unrelated to moral or ethical
considerations
- lack ethical/moral sense
- considered as folkways
Examples:
● No talking when your mouth is full
● Submitting school requirements on
time