DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL GANDHINAGAR
SUBJECT- SCIENCE
CH-11 ELECTRICITY
(PART-1)
Electricity: It is the branch of Physics which deals with the motion of electric charges in a conducting medium.
ELECTRIC CHARGE(Q):
It is the intrinsic property of a charged matter which can exert an attractive or a repulsive force to another
charged matter.
It is the scalar physical quantity.
Formula: Q = ne where n = no. of electrons, e = electric charge on the electron
SI unit: C or coulomb
An electroscope is a scientific instrument used to detect the presence and magnitude of electric charge on
a body.
Other units: mC, µC (1 mC = 10-3C, 1 µC = 10-6 C)
ELECTRIC CURRENT(I):
The rate of flow of electric charges in a closed conducting path is called electric current.
It is the scalar physical quantity.
Formula: I = Q/t where, Q = amount of electric charge, t = time for the flow of electric charges
SI unit: A or ampere or C/s
Other units: mA, µA (1 mA = 10-3A, 1 µA = 10-6 A)
An ammeter is a device which is used to measure electric current through a circuit. Electric current is
measured in amperes, hence the name ammeter.
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL(V):
The amount of electric work done move a unit positive electric charge from infinity to given point against an
electric filed is called an electric potential.
It is the scalar physical quantity.
Formula: V = W/Q where, W = amount of electric work, Q = amount of electric charge
SI unit: V or volt or J/C
Other units: mV, µV (1 mV = 10-3V, 1 µV = 10-6 V)
A voltmeter is a device used to measure the electric potential difference across two ends of a
conductor/load/resistor in an electric circuit.
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
It is a closed conducting path for the flow of electric
current/electricity.
Here is the adjoining simple basic circuit diagram containing a
battery, a switch, an ammeter, a voltmeter and an electric
bulb.
Ammeter is connected in series to a load.
Voltmeter is connected in parallel to a load.
A battery provides more electric potential than a cell.
Primary cell/battery cannot be recharged again.
Secondary cell/battery can be recharged again for further uses.
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Table-1 Symbols of some commonly used components in circuit diagrams
EXERCISE-1
Q.1 An electric work of 14 J is required to move an electric charge of 2 C between two points in a 1
conducting wire. What is the potential difference between the two points?
(a) 28 V (b) 14 V (c) 7 V (d) 3.5 V
Q.2 Identify the correct symbol of a battery from the following symbols: 1
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Q.3 A current of 0.12 A is drawn by a filament of an electric bulb for 2 minutes. Calculate the 1
amount of electric charge that flows through the circuit.
Q.4 State the function of an electric switch in an electric circuit. 1
Q.5 How many electrons will be transferred to a body when the body gets a negative electric charge 1
of 15 C on it?
Q.6 Why a voltmeter is connected parallel and an ammeter is connected in series to the load in the 2
electric circuit?
Q.7 Draw an electric circuit which contains the following electrical components: 3
(i) a battery of 8V or four cells in series (each of 2V)
(ii) an electric bulb
(iii) a resistor
(iv) an ammeter
(v) a voltmeter across the electric bulb
(vi) an electric switch
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