General Crop Physiology
[Link]-701
Practical
Solutions
1. Percent Solution
2. Molar Solution
3. Ppm Solution
% Solutions
Based on the mass or volume of the components of
the solution per 100 parts.
W/W = Wt. of solute / Wt. of solution X 100
V/V = Vol. of solute / Vol. of solution X 100
W/V = Wt. of solute / Vol. of the solution X 100
Q. A solution is 1% (W/W).
When it contains 1g of solute and 99g of solvent
to make 100g of solution?
Q. A solution is 1% (V/V). When it contains 1 ml
of solute and 99 ml of solvent to make 100 ml of
solution?
Q. Similarly a solution is 1% (W/V).
When it contains 1g of solute per 100 ml of the
solution?
(A) How would you prepare?
1. 200 ml of 10% NaOH? (20g)
Statement:
We will take 20 g of NaOH and put it into 200 ml
volumetric flask and dissolve it into some
quantity of distil water and then make the net
volume up to the mark
1. 500 ml of 5% C2H5OH?
2. 50 ml of 10% NaCl?
3. 10 ml of 10% NaCl?
(B) What is the percent composition of the
followings?
1. 2 g of NaOH / 50 ml of solution ? (4%)
2. 4 g of NaOH / 1000 ml of solution?
3. 1 g of NaOH / 10 ml of solution?
(C)
1. How would you prepare 100 ml of 4% solution of sucrose from 10% solution of
sucrose?
C1V1= C2 V2
C1 = Conc. of standard solution
V1 = Volume of standard solution used for dilution
C2 = Conc. of solution to be prepared
V2 = Volume of solution to be prepared
C1V1 = C2V2
10 X V1 = 4 X 100
V1 = 4 X 100 / 10
= 40 ml
Statement:
We will take 40 ml of 10% sucrose solution and put it into 100ml volumetric flask
and then make the net volume up to the mark
2. How would you prepare 10 ml of 5% of sucrose solution from 10% solution of
sucrose?
Molar solution
• Number of moles dissolved per liter of the
solution.
M = No. of moles of solute / vol. of solution in L
No. of moles of solute =
Given Wt. of solute / Molecular Wt. of solute
1000 ml of 1M soln. of NaOH = 40g
1000 ml of 0.1 M soln. of NaOH = 40 x1x 0.1g= 4g
100 ml of 0.1 M soln. of NaOH = 40x0.1x0.1= 0.4g
100 ml of 1 M soln. of NaOH = 4 x 0.1 x 1= 4g
2 L of 2 M soln. of NaOH = 40x2x2= 160g
Q. What will be the Molarity if 4g of NaOH
dissolve in 100 ml?
M = No. of moles of solute / Vol. of solution (L)
No. of moles of solute =
Given Wt. of solute / Molecular Wt. of solute
= 4/40 = 0.1
M = 0.1/0.1 = 1
Q. 100 ml of 2 M HCl from 10 M HCl?
M1V1 = M2V2
M1 = Molarity of standard solution
V1 = Volume of standard solution used for dilution
M2 = Molarity of solution to be prepared
V2 = Volume of solution to be prepared
M1V1 = M2V2
10 X V1 = 2 X 100
V1 = 2 X 100 / 10
= 20 ml
Statement:
We will take 20 ml of 10 M HCl solution and put
it into 100 ml volumetric flask then make the net
volume up to the mark
Ppm (Parts per million)
1 ppm = 10-6 / L
= 1 / 106 = 1g / 106
= 1000 mg / 1000 x 1000 ml
= 1mg /1000ml
= 1 mg / L
= 1 ppm
Q. 1000 ppm solution of Na from NaCl?
23 g Na present = 58.5g NaCl
1g Na present = 58.5/23 = 2.54g NaCl
Statement:
We will take 2.54 g of NaCl and put it into
1000 ml volumetric flask and dissolve it into
some quantity of water and then make the net
volume up to the mark
• How would you prepare 100 ml of 100 ppm solution from 1000
ppm stock solution of Na?
C1V1= C2 V2
C1 = Conc. of standard solution
V1 = Volume of standard solution used for dilution
C2 = Conc. of solution to be prepared
V2 = Volume of solution to be prepared
C1V1 = C2V2
1000 X V1 = 100X 100
V1 = 100X 100 / 1000
= 10 ml
Statement:
We will take 10 ml of 1000 ppm Na solution and put it into 100ml
volumetric flask and then make the net volume up to the mark
2. How would you prepare 100 ml of 10ppm solution from 1000 ppm
stock solution of Na
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